With the rapid development of population aging in China, Intensive Care Units(ICU)are experiencing a similar demographic transition.ICU-acquired weakness(ICU-AW)is a common complication among critically ill patients, especially among elderly patients, and is closely associated with numerous adverse outcomes.Currently, clinical awareness of ICU-AW remains insufficient, and there is a need to enhance understanding, standardize preventive measures and establish management protocols.In view of this, the "Expert consensus on the prevention and management of intensive care unit-acquired weakness for geriatrics in China(2025 edition)" was initiated by the Chinese Geriatrics Society′s Endocrine Metabolic Diseases Group and developed by the Chinese Geriatrics Society and Geriatrics Medical Doctor Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, addressing various aspects of ICU-AW, including its classification, diagnosis, prevention, and management, ultimately finalizing 19 recommendations.This expert consensus aims to provide gudiance on the prevention and management of ICU-AW for medical workers in the elderly healthcare system, striving to reduce the incidence of post-ICU weakness and disability among the elderly, improve their clinical outcomes, and contribute to promoting the process of healthy aging in China.

Adrenal incidentalomas in the elderly individuals refer to adrenal nodules with a diameter ≥ 1 cm that are unexpectedly discovered in elderly patients during health check-ups or imaging examinations performed for non-adrenal-related conditions.The prevalence of adrenal incidentalomas in the elderly increases with age, exceeding 7% in individuals over 70 years old.Comprehensive evaluation including malignancy risk assessment, functional status determination, surgical indication selection, and follow-up monitoring is critical for optimizing the clinical management pathways for elderly patients with adrenal incidentalomas and improving their outcomes.In light of this, the Chinese Expert opinions on the diagnosis, treatment, and health management of adrenal incidentalomas in the elderly(2025 edition)was established, which systematically summarizes the screening approaches, diagnostic procedures, and treatment algorithms of adrenal incidentalomas in the elderly population while providing expert suggestions, with particular emphasis on age-specific diagnostic strategies and follow-up protocols.These opinions serve as a valuable reference for standardizing adrenal incidentalomas management in the elderly among geriatricians, endocrinologists, radiologists, and urologists.

Adrenal incidentalomas in the elderly individuals refer to adrenal nodules with a diameter ≥ 1 cm that are unexpectedly discovered in elderly patients during health check-ups or imaging examinations performed for non-adrenal-related conditions.The prevalence of adrenal incidentalomas in the elderly increases with age, exceeding 7% in individuals over 70 years old.Comprehensive evaluation including malignancy risk assessment, functional status determination, surgical indication selection, and follow-up monitoring is critical for optimizing the clinical management pathways for elderly patients with adrenal incidentalomas and improving their outcomes.In light of this, the Chinese Expert opinions on the diagnosis, treatment, and health management of adrenal incidentalomas in the elderly(2025 edition)was established, which systematically summarizes the screening approaches, diagnostic procedures, and treatment algorithms of adrenal incidentalomas in the elderly population while providing expert suggestions, with particular emphasis on age-specific diagnostic strategies and follow-up protocols.These opinions serve as a valuable reference for standardizing adrenal incidentalomas management in the elderly among geriatricians, endocrinologists, radiologists, and urologists.

With the rapid development of population aging in China, Intensive Care Units(ICU)are experiencing a similar demographic transition.ICU-acquired weakness(ICU-AW)is a common complication among critically ill patients, especially among elderly patients, and is closely associated with numerous adverse outcomes.Currently, clinical awareness of ICU-AW remains insufficient, and there is a need to enhance understanding, standardize preventive measures and establish management protocols.In view of this, the "Expert consensus on the prevention and management of intensive care unit-acquired weakness for geriatrics in China(2025 edition)" was initiated by the Chinese Geriatrics Society′s Endocrine Metabolic Diseases Group and developed by the Chinese Geriatrics Society and Geriatrics Medical Doctor Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, addressing various aspects of ICU-AW, including its classification, diagnosis, prevention, and management, ultimately finalizing 19 recommendations.This expert consensus aims to provide gudiance on the prevention and management of ICU-AW for medical workers in the elderly healthcare system, striving to reduce the incidence of post-ICU weakness and disability among the elderly, improve their clinical outcomes, and contribute to promoting the process of healthy aging in China.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between serum remnant cholesterol(RC)and diabetic kidney disease(DKD)in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:The elderly patients with T2DM who were hospitalized in the Department of Geriatrics of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2021 to March 2022 were selected and divided into simple diabetes group(410 cases)and DKD group(433 cases). The general clinical data and laboratory data were collected and the RC level was calculated.Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the correlation between RC level and metabolic indicators.Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between serum RC level and the risk of DKD.Results:Compared with the simple diabetes group, patients in the DKD group had older age, longer duration of diabetes, higher levels of systolic blood pressure(SBP), fasting C-peptide, triglyceride(TG), uric acid(UA), serum creatinine, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio(UACR)and RC, and lower levels of albumin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)( P<0.05 for all). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that serum RC level was positively correlated with body mass index(BMI)( r=0.069, P=0.046), fasting blood glucose( r=0.099, P=0.004), glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)( r=0.075, P=0.031), fasting C-peptide( r=0.177, P<0.001), TG( r=0.632, P<0.001), total cholesterol(TC)( r=0.306, P<0.001), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)( r=0.243, P<0.001), UA( r=0.128, P<0.001), serum creatinine( r=0.086, P=0.013)and UACR( r=0.147, P<0.001), and was negatively correlated with HDL-C( r=-0.271, P<0.001)and eGFR( r=-0.148, P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that high serum RC level was a risk factor for DKD(Q1 as reference; Q2: OR=2.439, 95% CI: 0.836-7.113, P=0.103; Q3: OR=3.999, 95% CI: 1.187-13.478, P=0.025). Conclusions:High serum RC level is closely related to DKD in elderly patients with T2DM, and is a risk factor for DKD.

Comprehensive geriatric assessment clinic can identify geriatric syndrome as well as geriatric health problems, and provide comprehensive systematic diagnosis and treatment for older patients, which is conducive to reducing the number of outpatient visits and saving medical costs.However, the construction of comprehensive geriatric assessment clinic in China is just in the initial stage.There are no guiding opinions on the orientation, work content, work process, and quality management.Therefore, this consensus was conducted based on the latest evidence and expert opinions which aims to provide guidance for the construction of comprehensive geriatric assessment clinic.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in China is about 9.1%.Compared with healthy adults, life expectancy for patients with T2DM at 60 years of age can be cut short by 7.3-9.5 years and time for a good quality of life by 11.1-13.8 years.It is important for elderly patients with T2DM to stay functionally active.Frailty, as a common geriatric syndrome, is an important factor affecting the functional status of the elderly, a strong predictor for disability, death and hospitalization, and also a strong predictor for adverse health outcomes in elderly patients with T2DM.This article reviews the relationship between frailty/sarcopenia and T2DM, and the management and treatment of elderly T2DM patients with frailty/sarcopenia.

The pineal gland is a neuroendocrine gland closely related to human aging.Melatonin is a kind of indole neuroendocrine hormone secreted by pineal gland which is essential for maintaining physiological function.Many researches have found that melatonin plays a key protective role against aging-related cardiovascular diseases.In this article, the advanced studies at home and abroad on melatonin and aging-related cardiovascular diseases are reviewed, and the related physiological functions and mechanisms are discussed.

Vascular aging may influence the initiation,procession,and severity of various cardiovascular diseases,and thus is one of the most important risk factors for the high mortality of cardiovascular diseases.Vascular endothelial cells are the main cell biological basis of the vasculature,so the structure and function of vascular endothelial cells play a key role in vascular aging.Recently,the association between microRNAs and aging-related diseases has been studied.In this review,we will summarize the role of microRNAs in the process of endothelial cell aging.In addition,we will also discuss possible clinical applications of microRNAs as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for vascular diseases.

Vascular aging could influence the development threshold,process,severity and prognosis of various cardiovascular diseases.Thus,it is one of the most important risk factor responsible for the high mortality of cardiovascular diseases.The vascular smooth muscle cell is an essential component of vessel wall,and is the main basis for cell biological and pathological changes of the vasculature.The structure and function of vascular smooth muscle cell play a key role in vascular aging.Recently,relationships of microRNAs with aging-related diseases have been studied as a research hot spot.We would summarize the role of microRNAs in the aging process of vascular smooth muscle cell.Besides,we would also discuss how to analyze the role of microRNAs in cardiovascular diseases.