Objective To investigate serum HCV-RNA detection rate in patients with positive hepatitis C virus (HCV) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody, and to analyze the related factors of HCV-RNA detection in patients with positive HCV IgG antibody by logistic regression analysis. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 500 patients with positive HCV IgG antibody. The positive rate of HCV-RNA was counted. Logistic regression analysis was adopted to analyze the related factors of HCV-RNA detection in HCV IgG antibody positive population. Results A total of 317 patients with positive HCV-RNA detection were included in serum HCV-RNA positive group (n=317), and 183 patients with negative HCV-RNA detection were enrolled as serum HCV-RNA negative group (n=183). The diagnosis rate of HCV infection was 63.40% (317/500). Logistic regression analysis showed that abnormal levels of serum ALT, AST, GGT, TBIL, HCV IgG antibody, prothrombin time, and the presence of clinical symptoms were independently correlated with the detection of HCV-RNA in HCV IgG antibody positive individuals (P<0.05). Established 7-factor prediction models and created a nomogram. The chi-square value was 0.586, and P = 0.89 > 0.05. The ROC curve was plotted using pROC, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.912. Conclusion Among the population positive for HCV IgG antibody, the detection rate of serum HCV-RNA is high. Abnormal levels of ALT, AST, GGT, TBIL, IgG antibody, prothrombin time and clinical symptoms are the related factors for the detection of HCV-RNA. These indicators provide a reference for the clinical judgment of the real infection risk of HCV IgG positive individuals.

Objective:To explore the correlation between the intensity of net ultrafiltration in continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and the survival prognosis in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI), and provide evidence-based references for establishing optimal net ultrafiltration target during CRRT.Methods:This was a retrospective observational study. Demographic and clinical data of critically ill AKI patients who received CRRT in the Intensive Care Unit of West China Hospital, Sichuan University from May 2021 to September 2023 were collected. Net ultrafiltration was defined as the hourly fluid clearance volume in the 72 hours prior of CRRT. This variable was converted into a categorical variable, including low net ultrafiltration <1.01 ml·kg -1·h -1, moderate net ultrafiltration 1.01-1.38 ml·kg -1·h -1 and high net ultrafiltration >1.38 ml·kg -1·h -1, and the differences of baseline characteristics and clinical treatment conditions among the three groups were compared. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and log-rank test were used to compare the survival conditions among the three groups in patients at 28 days and 60 days after CRRT. Logistic regression analysis method was used to analyze the related factors of mortality in patients 28 days and 60 days after CRRT. Results:This study included a total of 661 critically ill AKI patients who underwent CRRT for more than 72 hours. The age was 56.00 (43.00, 68.00) years, and 488 patients (73.83%) were males. The net ultrafiltration rate was 1.36 (0.94, 1.89) ml·kg -1·h -1. Among them, 188 patients (28.44%) were in the low net ultrafiltration group, 152 patients (23.00%) were in the medium net ultrafiltration group, and 321 patients (48.56%) were in the high net ultrafiltration group. There were statistically significant differences among the three groups in terms of gender distribution ( χ2=17.81, P<0.001), body mass index ( H=32.37, P<0.001), urine volume 24 hours before admission ( H=9.41, P=0.009), fluid overload ( H=6.02, P=0.049), platelets ( H=13.49, P=0.001), pro-B type natriuretic peptide ( H=14.18, P<0.001), serum creatinine ( H=9.66, P=0.008), lactate ( H=9.83, P=0.007), AKI stage distribution ( χ2=15.51, P=0.004), admission indication ( P<0.001), total CRRT duration ( H=8.45, P=0.015), ultrafiltration ( H=456.10, P<0.001), net ultrafiltration ( H=561.20, P<0.001), and vasoactive-inotropic score at 72 hours of CRRT treatment ( H=10.42, P=0.005). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the 28-day (Log-rank test, χ2=10.89, P=0.004) and 60-day (Log-rank test, χ2=8.55, P=0.014) survival rates among the three groups in patients after CRRT. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed age ( OR=1.03, 95% CI 1.02-1.04, P<0.001), mean arterial pressure ( OR=0.98, 95% CI 0.97-1.00, P=0.011), bilirubin ( OR=3.02,95% CI 1.39-5.59, P=0.006), 72-hour vasoactive-inotropic score ( OR=1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.02, P=0.004), low net ultrafiltration group (medium net ultrafiltration group as a reference, OR=1.66, 95% CI 1.02-2.72, P=0.042), and high net ultrafiltration group (medium net ultrafiltration group as a reference, OR=1.78, 95% CI 1.14-2.78, P=0.011) were independent correlated factors of 28-day mortality after CRRT. Age ( OR=1.02，95% CI 1.01-1.04， P<0.001), mean arterial pressure ( OR=0.98，95% CI 0.97-1.00， P=0.016), fluid overload ( OR=1.10, 95% CI 1.02-1.19, P=0.012), bilirubin ( OR=4.96，95% CI 1.00-17.80， P=0.013), 72-hour vasoactive-inotropic score ( OR=1.02，95% CI 1.01-1.03， P=0.003), and high net ultrafiltration group (medium net ultrafiltration group as a reference, OR=1.91，95% CI 1.22-3.00， P=0.005) were independent correlated factors of 60-day mortality after CRRT. Conclusions:During the first 72 hours of CRRT, net ultrafiltration > 1.38 ml·kg -1·h -1 and net ultrafiltration < 1.01 ml·kg -1·h -1 are associated with a higher mortality rate at 28 days or 60 days after CRRT. Net ultrafiltration of 1.01-1.38 ml·kg -1·h -1 may be a relatively safe range.

Objective To explore the current status of medical technology anxiety experienced by elder-ly patients during the use of digital healthcare technology and its influencing factors.Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 552 elderly patients from 10 hospitals in Liaoning Province as study sub-jects.A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the technology anxiety scale,ehealth literacy scale,self-ef-ficacy scale,and family APGAR index.Results The smart healthcare medical technology anxiety scale score for older patients was(44.93±14.30)points,and the ehealth literacy scale score was(25.29±9.61)points.Smart healthcare medical technology anxiety in older patients was negatively correlated with ehealth literacy,self-efficacy,and family care index(r=-0.299,-0.336,-0.304,P<0.01).Multiple linear regression showed that age,education level,living situation,monthly income,household registration,presence of chronic disease,ehealth literacy,self-efficacy,and family care index were influencing factors for smart healthcare medi-cal technology anxiety in older patients(P<0.05),collectively explaining 35.8%of the variance.Conclusion Ol-der patients exhibit a moderate-to-high level of smart healthcare medical technology anxiety,while their ehealth litera-cy remains at a low level.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of artificial humeral head replacement versus locking plate internal fixation in the treatment of comminuted proximal humeral fractures in older adult patients. Methods:A total of 30 older adult patients with proximal humeral comminuted fractures, admitted to Beifang Hospital, Huainan Xinhua Medical Group from January 2022 to December 2024, were included in this study. A prospective randomized controlled study design was used. The patients were divided into an observation group and a control group using a random number table method, with 15 patients in each group. The observation group underwent artificial humeral head replacement surgery, while the control group received internal fixation with a proximal humeral locking plate. Clinical treatment outcomes, shoulder joint function recovery, and complications were observed and compared between the two groups.Results:The intraoperative blood loss in the observation group was less than that in the control group [(182.24 ± 24.36) mL vs. (245.17 ± 46.08) mL]. The surgery duration [(71.84 ± 7.52) minutes vs. (93.67 ± 12.50) minutes] and hospital stay [(11.37 ± 1.89) days vs. (13.52 ± 2.67) days] were also significantly shorter in the observation group compared with the control group ( t = 4.68, 5.80, 2.55, all P < 0.05). The range of motion in the shoulder joint was greater in the observation group compared with the control group [forward elevation: (94.47 ± 7.66) ° vs. (86.14 ± 5.15) °, external rotation: (61.35 ± 6.57) ° vs. (52.40 ± 4.82) °, and internal rotation: (74.35 ± 4.80) ° vs. (62.76 ± 3.59) °]. The total Constant-Murley score was higher in the observation group [(92.91 ± 10.58) vs. (76.29 ± 7.48)], and the rate of excellent recovery of shoulder function was also higher in the observation group [73.33% (11/15) vs. 53.33% (8/15)] compared with the control group. The incidence of complications was lower in the observation group [6.66% (1/15) vs. 33.33% (5/15)] compared with the control group. All differences were statistically significant ( t = 3.50, 4.25, 7.49, 4.97, χ2 = 4.12, 5.12, all P < 0.05). Conclusions:For older adult patients with severe osteoporosis or irreparable proximal humeral comminuted fractures, artificial humeral head replacement yields more favorable outcomes compared with locking plate internal fixation, resulting in a better recovery of shoulder joint function.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of artificial humeral head replacement versus locking plate internal fixation in the treatment of comminuted proximal humeral fractures in older adult patients. Methods:A total of 30 older adult patients with proximal humeral comminuted fractures, admitted to Beifang Hospital, Huainan Xinhua Medical Group from January 2022 to December 2024, were included in this study. A prospective randomized controlled study design was used. The patients were divided into an observation group and a control group using a random number table method, with 15 patients in each group. The observation group underwent artificial humeral head replacement surgery, while the control group received internal fixation with a proximal humeral locking plate. Clinical treatment outcomes, shoulder joint function recovery, and complications were observed and compared between the two groups.Results:The intraoperative blood loss in the observation group was less than that in the control group [(182.24 ± 24.36) mL vs. (245.17 ± 46.08) mL]. The surgery duration [(71.84 ± 7.52) minutes vs. (93.67 ± 12.50) minutes] and hospital stay [(11.37 ± 1.89) days vs. (13.52 ± 2.67) days] were also significantly shorter in the observation group compared with the control group ( t = 4.68, 5.80, 2.55, all P < 0.05). The range of motion in the shoulder joint was greater in the observation group compared with the control group [forward elevation: (94.47 ± 7.66) ° vs. (86.14 ± 5.15) °, external rotation: (61.35 ± 6.57) ° vs. (52.40 ± 4.82) °, and internal rotation: (74.35 ± 4.80) ° vs. (62.76 ± 3.59) °]. The total Constant-Murley score was higher in the observation group [(92.91 ± 10.58) vs. (76.29 ± 7.48)], and the rate of excellent recovery of shoulder function was also higher in the observation group [73.33% (11/15) vs. 53.33% (8/15)] compared with the control group. The incidence of complications was lower in the observation group [6.66% (1/15) vs. 33.33% (5/15)] compared with the control group. All differences were statistically significant ( t = 3.50, 4.25, 7.49, 4.97, χ2 = 4.12, 5.12, all P < 0.05). Conclusions:For older adult patients with severe osteoporosis or irreparable proximal humeral comminuted fractures, artificial humeral head replacement yields more favorable outcomes compared with locking plate internal fixation, resulting in a better recovery of shoulder joint function.

Objective:To explore the correlation between the intensity of net ultrafiltration in continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and the survival prognosis in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI), and provide evidence-based references for establishing optimal net ultrafiltration target during CRRT.Methods:This was a retrospective observational study. Demographic and clinical data of critically ill AKI patients who received CRRT in the Intensive Care Unit of West China Hospital, Sichuan University from May 2021 to September 2023 were collected. Net ultrafiltration was defined as the hourly fluid clearance volume in the 72 hours prior of CRRT. This variable was converted into a categorical variable, including low net ultrafiltration <1.01 ml·kg -1·h -1, moderate net ultrafiltration 1.01-1.38 ml·kg -1·h -1 and high net ultrafiltration >1.38 ml·kg -1·h -1, and the differences of baseline characteristics and clinical treatment conditions among the three groups were compared. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and log-rank test were used to compare the survival conditions among the three groups in patients at 28 days and 60 days after CRRT. Logistic regression analysis method was used to analyze the related factors of mortality in patients 28 days and 60 days after CRRT. Results:This study included a total of 661 critically ill AKI patients who underwent CRRT for more than 72 hours. The age was 56.00 (43.00, 68.00) years, and 488 patients (73.83%) were males. The net ultrafiltration rate was 1.36 (0.94, 1.89) ml·kg -1·h -1. Among them, 188 patients (28.44%) were in the low net ultrafiltration group, 152 patients (23.00%) were in the medium net ultrafiltration group, and 321 patients (48.56%) were in the high net ultrafiltration group. There were statistically significant differences among the three groups in terms of gender distribution ( χ2=17.81, P<0.001), body mass index ( H=32.37, P<0.001), urine volume 24 hours before admission ( H=9.41, P=0.009), fluid overload ( H=6.02, P=0.049), platelets ( H=13.49, P=0.001), pro-B type natriuretic peptide ( H=14.18, P<0.001), serum creatinine ( H=9.66, P=0.008), lactate ( H=9.83, P=0.007), AKI stage distribution ( χ2=15.51, P=0.004), admission indication ( P<0.001), total CRRT duration ( H=8.45, P=0.015), ultrafiltration ( H=456.10, P<0.001), net ultrafiltration ( H=561.20, P<0.001), and vasoactive-inotropic score at 72 hours of CRRT treatment ( H=10.42, P=0.005). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the 28-day (Log-rank test, χ2=10.89, P=0.004) and 60-day (Log-rank test, χ2=8.55, P=0.014) survival rates among the three groups in patients after CRRT. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed age ( OR=1.03, 95% CI 1.02-1.04, P<0.001), mean arterial pressure ( OR=0.98, 95% CI 0.97-1.00, P=0.011), bilirubin ( OR=3.02,95% CI 1.39-5.59, P=0.006), 72-hour vasoactive-inotropic score ( OR=1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.02, P=0.004), low net ultrafiltration group (medium net ultrafiltration group as a reference, OR=1.66, 95% CI 1.02-2.72, P=0.042), and high net ultrafiltration group (medium net ultrafiltration group as a reference, OR=1.78, 95% CI 1.14-2.78, P=0.011) were independent correlated factors of 28-day mortality after CRRT. Age ( OR=1.02，95% CI 1.01-1.04， P<0.001), mean arterial pressure ( OR=0.98，95% CI 0.97-1.00， P=0.016), fluid overload ( OR=1.10, 95% CI 1.02-1.19, P=0.012), bilirubin ( OR=4.96，95% CI 1.00-17.80， P=0.013), 72-hour vasoactive-inotropic score ( OR=1.02，95% CI 1.01-1.03， P=0.003), and high net ultrafiltration group (medium net ultrafiltration group as a reference, OR=1.91，95% CI 1.22-3.00， P=0.005) were independent correlated factors of 60-day mortality after CRRT. Conclusions:During the first 72 hours of CRRT, net ultrafiltration > 1.38 ml·kg -1·h -1 and net ultrafiltration < 1.01 ml·kg -1·h -1 are associated with a higher mortality rate at 28 days or 60 days after CRRT. Net ultrafiltration of 1.01-1.38 ml·kg -1·h -1 may be a relatively safe range.

In order to explore the role of pre-basic course teaching in the standardized training of residents in clinical pathology, we have independently designed and constructed a pre-basic course teaching system mainly focusing on anatomy and histoembryology, consisting of two levels of theoretical teaching (small lectures by students and systematic lectures by instructors) and two dimensions of practical training (sample collection teaching and case teaching). This teaching model centering on participatory lecturing, practice, summarization, assessment, and feedback has been demonstrated effective. The results showed that the theoretical and practical assessment scores of the experimental group [(458.80±17.60) and (415.40±19.30), respectively] were significantly higher than those of the control group [(444.50±20.90) and (398.80±23.70), respectively]. Among 28 students of grades 2019 to 2021 surveyed for teaching effectiveness, 96.43% were satisfied with the teaching model. The established teaching model provides new ideas for the reform of teaching methods in the standardized training of residents in clinical pathology.

Background: Immunochemotherapy has demonstrated a promising efficacy for a variety of B-cell lymphoma but has limited efficacy for Epstein–Barr virus-positive (EBV +) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that is refractory or relapsed to conventional chemotherapy regimens. Considering higher programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expres‑ sion in the subset of patients with DLBCL with positive EBV, we speculated that PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy may be an alternative regimen in patients with refractory/relapsed EBV + DLBCL. Methods: This retrospective study included six adult patients diagnosed with refractory EBV + DLBCL resistant to first-line immunochemotherapy regimens (R-CHOP). These patients received PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy as second-line treatment. Results: The final analysis included six patients (four men and two women (median age, 50 years; range, 39–83 years)). Four patients were diagnosed with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) + DLBCL, and two had DLBCL associated with chronic inflammation. Over a median follow-up of 20 months (range, 2–31 months), the objective response rate was 83% (5/6) and the complete remission rate was 67% (4/6). No severe immune-related adverse reactions occurred, and only a mild rash was reported, which did not necessitate the discontinuation of therapy. Conclusion The combination of PD-1 inhibitors and chemotherapy offers promising results as a second-line treat‑ ment for patients with refractory EBV + DLBCL that is resistant to first-line immunochemotherapy regimens. These preliminary findings warrant further investigation in larger clinical trials to validate the efficacy and safety of this therapeutic approach.

Background: Immunochemotherapy has demonstrated a promising efficacy for a variety of B-cell lymphoma but has limited efficacy for Epstein–Barr virus-positive (EBV +) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that is refractory or relapsed to conventional chemotherapy regimens. Considering higher programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expres‑ sion in the subset of patients with DLBCL with positive EBV, we speculated that PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy may be an alternative regimen in patients with refractory/relapsed EBV + DLBCL. Methods: This retrospective study included six adult patients diagnosed with refractory EBV + DLBCL resistant to first-line immunochemotherapy regimens (R-CHOP). These patients received PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy as second-line treatment. Results: The final analysis included six patients (four men and two women (median age, 50 years; range, 39–83 years)). Four patients were diagnosed with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) + DLBCL, and two had DLBCL associated with chronic inflammation. Over a median follow-up of 20 months (range, 2–31 months), the objective response rate was 83% (5/6) and the complete remission rate was 67% (4/6). No severe immune-related adverse reactions occurred, and only a mild rash was reported, which did not necessitate the discontinuation of therapy. Conclusion The combination of PD-1 inhibitors and chemotherapy offers promising results as a second-line treat‑ ment for patients with refractory EBV + DLBCL that is resistant to first-line immunochemotherapy regimens. These preliminary findings warrant further investigation in larger clinical trials to validate the efficacy and safety of this therapeutic approach.

Background: Immunochemotherapy has demonstrated a promising efficacy for a variety of B-cell lymphoma but has limited efficacy for Epstein–Barr virus-positive (EBV +) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that is refractory or relapsed to conventional chemotherapy regimens. Considering higher programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expres‑ sion in the subset of patients with DLBCL with positive EBV, we speculated that PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy may be an alternative regimen in patients with refractory/relapsed EBV + DLBCL. Methods: This retrospective study included six adult patients diagnosed with refractory EBV + DLBCL resistant to first-line immunochemotherapy regimens (R-CHOP). These patients received PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy as second-line treatment. Results: The final analysis included six patients (four men and two women (median age, 50 years; range, 39–83 years)). Four patients were diagnosed with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) + DLBCL, and two had DLBCL associated with chronic inflammation. Over a median follow-up of 20 months (range, 2–31 months), the objective response rate was 83% (5/6) and the complete remission rate was 67% (4/6). No severe immune-related adverse reactions occurred, and only a mild rash was reported, which did not necessitate the discontinuation of therapy. Conclusion The combination of PD-1 inhibitors and chemotherapy offers promising results as a second-line treat‑ ment for patients with refractory EBV + DLBCL that is resistant to first-line immunochemotherapy regimens. These preliminary findings warrant further investigation in larger clinical trials to validate the efficacy and safety of this therapeutic approach.