Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technology has the characteristics of high specificity and high throughput, making it rapidly applied and developed in the field of clinical testing. Its application in the monitoring of therapeutic drugs can effectively improve the quantitative accuracy and sensitivity, and formulate a personalized and optimal dosing plan for patients. However, this technology still faces some challenges, and automation, quality control, and quantitative traceability will be the future development direction.

Neurodegenerative diseases are a type of disease characterized by specific types of neuronal loss and progressive progression,mainly represented by Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.This type of disease,due to its intractable and irreversible symptoms,brings great physical and psychological burden to patients,which is seriously disturbing their normal life.In terms of treatment,there is currently no specific treatment for Alzheimer's disease in clinical practice,and first-line treatment drugs for Parkinson's disease also have great limitations.In traditional Chinese medicine,kidney governs bone,generates marrow,and connects to the brain.In clinical evidence typing,premature aging,fatigue and forgetfulness,and tremor of limbs caused by kidney deficiency and medullary reduction are considered to be the main pathologies of these diseases.Di-Huang-Yin-Zi decoction which is derived from the"General Records of Holy Universal Relief",is recorded as a good formula for nourishing kidney yin and filling kidney yang.Clinical data shows that this formula has significant therapeutic effects in treating neurodegenerative diseases caused by kidney essence deficiency.Modern research results indicate that its mechanism of action involves inhibiting inflammatory reactions,regulating mitochondrial autophagy,reversing The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis abnormalities,and neuroprotection.The main effective ingredients in this formula include loganin,echinarin,and schisandrin A.This article aims to summarize and analyze the clinical efficacy,mechanism of action,and active ingredients of Di-Huang-Yin-Zi decoction in the treatment of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease in recent years,in order to clarify the research status of Di-Huang-Yin-Zi decoction in the neurodegenerative disease and provide reference for further research.

Cerebral fat embolism (CFE) combined with pulmonary fat embolism (PFE) is an extremely rare and serious complication after fat injection. In order to improve the understanding of the mechanism of this complication, this article reported the diagnosis, treatment and pathological results of a patient with CFE and PFE after facial autologous fat injection. A 34-year-old female underwent an injection of autologous fat in her right cheek at another institution in March 2021 and developed into a coma. 1.5 hours later, she was taken to the Emergency Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University. CT revealed a massive infarction in the right cerebral hemisphere and bilateral acute pneumonia. The patient was treated with dehydration, anti-infection, anticoagulation and microcirculation improvement in the intensive care unit. But the patient died due to the critical condition. Postmortem autopsy and histopathological examination, revealed ischemic stroke with hemorrhagic transformation, and pulmonary embolism with acute pneumonia. It was speculated that the fat embolus passed through the damaged main trunk or branch of the right facial artery, and then retrograde to the right external carotid artery, common carotid artery and internal carotid artery to cause middle cerebral artery occlusion. At the same time, the embolus returned to the right atrium along with the accompanying vein of the above artery, and reached the pulmonary vascular bed through the pulmonary circulation, resulting in pulmonary embolism. Plastic surgeons should have extensive knowledge with the anatomical structure of facial blood vessels, master the injection techniques, and improve the awareness of fat embolism when performing facial fat transplantation.

Cerebral fat embolism (CFE) combined with pulmonary fat embolism (PFE) is an extremely rare and serious complication after fat injection. In order to improve the understanding of the mechanism of this complication, this article reported the diagnosis, treatment and pathological results of a patient with CFE and PFE after facial autologous fat injection. A 34-year-old female underwent an injection of autologous fat in her right cheek at another institution in March 2021 and developed into a coma. 1.5 hours later, she was taken to the Emergency Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University. CT revealed a massive infarction in the right cerebral hemisphere and bilateral acute pneumonia. The patient was treated with dehydration, anti-infection, anticoagulation and microcirculation improvement in the intensive care unit. But the patient died due to the critical condition. Postmortem autopsy and histopathological examination, revealed ischemic stroke with hemorrhagic transformation, and pulmonary embolism with acute pneumonia. It was speculated that the fat embolus passed through the damaged main trunk or branch of the right facial artery, and then retrograde to the right external carotid artery, common carotid artery and internal carotid artery to cause middle cerebral artery occlusion. At the same time, the embolus returned to the right atrium along with the accompanying vein of the above artery, and reached the pulmonary vascular bed through the pulmonary circulation, resulting in pulmonary embolism. Plastic surgeons should have extensive knowledge with the anatomical structure of facial blood vessels, master the injection techniques, and improve the awareness of fat embolism when performing facial fat transplantation.

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Yuejuwan in the treatment of psychological and heart diseases （PHD） and explore its mechanism. MethodThirty 6-week-old healthy male SPF AopE^-/- mice and 10 homologous C57BL/6J mice were selected for the experiment. The 30 AopE^-/- mice were divided into a model group， low-dose （7.58 g·kg^-1·d^-1） and high-dose （30.32 g·kg^-1·d^-1） Yuejuwan groups， with 10 mice in each group， and 10 C57BL/6J mice were assigned to the blank control group. Intragastrical administration lasted 12 weeks. During feeding， the PHD model was induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS） combined with high-fat diet in mice. After intragastric administration， the behavioral results ［open field test （OFT） and sucrose preference test （SPT）］ of mice in each group， the content of aspartic transaminase （AST）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， noradrenaline （NE）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， total cholesterol （TC）， and triglyceride （TG） in serum of mice detected by the automatic biochemical analyzer， the oil red O staining and HE staining of aorta and liver and Masson staining of myocardial tissues were used for model evaluation. Finally， liver TMT-labeled quantitative proteomics was used to explore the mechanism of action. ResultThe model mice showed obvious manifestations of depression， anxiety， loss of interest， and despair， manifest lipid deposition in the aorta and liver by pathological observation， and increased myocardial fibrosis in myocardial tissues. After intragastric administration of Yuejuwan， the above symptoms and indexes of the PHD model mice were improved. Compared with the blank control group， the model group showed decreased standing times， cumulative time in the central area， total moving distance， moving speed， and sucrose preference at week 12 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Yuejuwan groups showed decreased indexes mentioned above （P<0.01）. After sample collection， AST， ALT， and TG levels in the model group were higher （P<0.01） and the levels of 5-HT， NE， and HDL-C were lower than those in the blank control group （P<0.01）. The results of liver TMT labeled quantitative proteomics suggested that the PHD model mainly caused the changes in protein expression levels such as ApoE， UGT1A5， and FASN in mice，involving acetyl CoA metabolism，response to bacteria，cellular amino acid catabolism， and other processes，which were related to the abnormal metabolic function of the liver. The efficacy of Yuejuwan against PHD was achieved mainly through the regulation of high mobility group nucleosomal-binding domain 2 （HMGN2）， CALD1， and Mup7 protein expression levels and correcting the biological processes and abnormal pathways related to the pathogenesis of PHD，including muscle contraction，tight junction pathway，myocardial contraction pathway，and focal adhesion pathway. ConclusionCUMS combined with high-fat diet is reasonable in the induction of the PHD model in AopE^-/- mice. Yuejuwan can correct the depression and anxiety conditions of PHD model mice，reduce the aortic plaque， and recover the abnormal blood lipid and liver function levels. Furthermore， Yuejuwan can correct abnormal biological processes and pathways of PHD model mice. The differential proteins screened throughout the experiment and the involved physiological and pathological changes are the focus of the next experiment.

ObjectiveTo compare the therapeutic effects of oral Chinese medicines （including Chinese patent medicines） on coronary artery disease （CAD） by the Bayesian network Meta-analysis. MethodThe randomized controlled trials of treating CAD with oral Chinese medicines were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data， VIP， PubMed， Web of Science， Embase， and Cochrane Library from the inception to December 1， 2022. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included articles. The direct meta-analysis was performed to compare the performance of oral Chinese medicines alone and in combination with Western medicine in the treatment of CAD in terms of intima-media thickness （IMT）， vascular endothelial function， plaque score， hypersensitive C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）， total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， and total response rate. Furthermore， the Bayesian network Meta-analysis was performed to compare the therapeutic effects of different Chinese medicines. ResultA total of 41 articles were included. The direct meta-analysis results showed that Chinese medicines combined with Western medicine outperformed Western medicine alone in recovering all the indicators of CAD. The Bayesian network meta-analysis yielded the following results. In terms of the total response rate， modified Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang and Sanqi Huayu pills had obvious advantages over other Chinese medicines. In terms of IMT and plaque score， Xiaoban Huazhuo decoction， Yiqi Tongluo formula， Ruangan Jiangzhi capsules， and Guanxin Shutong capsules had obvious advantages over other Chinese medicines. In terms of blood lipid indicators， Shenqi Roumai mixture， Ruangan Jiangzhi capsules， Xiaoban Huazhuo decoction， Qiwei Sanxiong decoction， and Sanqi Huayu pills were superior to other Chinese medicines. The Chinese medicines above mainly had the functions of activating blood， resolving stasis， resolving phlegm， and dredging vessels. ConclusionThe combination of oral Chinese medicines and Western medicine is effective in treating CAD. Clinicians can use the drugs targeting abnormal indicators according to the results of this Bayesian network meta-analysis combined with the actual situation of patients to achieve better therapeutic effects.

Hyaluronic acid is widely used in biomaterials, cosmetics, clinical medicine and other fields due to its good biocompatibility, degradability, hydrophilicity, tumor targeting, viscosity and other characteristics. Pharmacodynamic activities of natural small molecular products which derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are significant, but their low solubility and poor targeting limit the clinical application. Based on supramolecular properties of hyaluronic acid, in this review, numerous studies were reviewed on the improvement of solubility, bioavailability, targeting and suitable dosage forms of small molecular compounds in TCM by domestic and foreign scholars using hyaluronic acid as carrier. It provides new ideas and inspirations for exploring the potential application value of small molecule compounds in TCM and even for the research and development of new drugs.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants, and to establish a scoring model that can predict the development and guide the prevention of NEC. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of preterm infants who were admitted to the Department of Neonatology,Bethune First Hospital of Jilin University, from January 2011 to December 2020. These infants were divided into two groups: NEC (298 infants with Bell II stage or above) and non-NEC (300 infants). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the factors influencing the development of NEC. A nomogram for predicting the risk of NEC was established based on the factors. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve and the index of concordance (C-index) were used to evaluate the predictive performance of the nomogram. RESULTS: The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that grade ≥2 intracranial hemorrhage, peripherally inserted central catheterization, breast milk fortifier, transfusion of red cell suspension, hematocrit >49.65%, mean corpuscular volume >114.35 fL, and mean platelet volume >10.95 fL were independent risk factors for NEC (P<0.05), while the use of pulmonary surfactant, the use of probiotics, and the platelet distribution width >11.8 fL were protective factors against NEC (P<0.05). The nomogram showed good accuracy in predicting the risk of NEC, with a bootstrap-corrected C-index of 0.844. The nomogram had an optimal cutoff value of 171.02 in predicting the presence or absence of NEC, with a sensitivity of 74.7% and a specificity of 80.5%. CONCLUSIONS The prediction nomogram for the risk of NEC has a certain clinical value in early prediction, targeted prevention, and early intervention of NEC.
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/prevention & control* ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases ; Infant, Premature ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

Objective To compare the effects of levo-praziquantel (L-PZQ) and dextro-praziquantel (D-PZQ) on the proliferation and activation of the human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 in vitro. Methods LX-2 cells were stimulated with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). LX-2 cell proliferation was measured using the CCK-8 assay after 24 h stimulation with 0 to 50 μg/mL concentrations of praziquantel, and the gene and protein expression of type Ⅰ collagen (collagen Ⅰ), type Ⅲ collagen (collagen Ⅲ) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was quantified in LX-2 cells using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting assays 24 h and 48 h following stimulation with 15 μg/mL praziquantel to detect LX-2 cell activation. Results There were significant differences in the survival rate of LX-2 cells between L-PZQ and D-PZQ treatments at all concentrations (F = 6.119 and 79.180, both P values < 0.05). Either L-PZQ or D-PZQ at a concentration of < 30 μg/mL showed no remarkableeffectsonthe LX-2 cell proliferation (both P values > 0.05), and L-PZQ at a concentration of > 50 μg/mL and D-PZQ at a concentration of > 40 μg/mL inhibited the LX-2 cell proliferation (both P values < 0.05), while D-PZQ at concentrations of 40 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL showed greater inhibition on LX-2 cell proliferation than L-PZQ (t = 3.419 and 8.776, both P values < 0.05). There were significant differences in the collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ and α-SMA expression in LX-2 cells at both transcriptional (F = 21.55, 79.99 and 46.70, all P values < 0.05) and translational levels (F = 20.12, 30.29 and 32.93, all P values < 0.05) among the blank control group, TGF-β stimulation group, L-PZQ treatment group and D-PZQ treatment group. L-PZQ treatment resulted in remarkable inhibition on collagen Ⅲ and α-SMA gene expression in LX-2 cells (both P values < 0.05); however, the treatment showed no remarkable inhibition collagen Ⅰ gene expression or collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ or α-SMA protein expression in LX-2 cells (all P values > 0.05). In addition, D-PZQ treatment resulted in significant inhibition on collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ and α-SMA expression in LX-2 cells at both translational and transcriptional levels (all P values < 0.05), and D-PZQ showed higher inhibition on collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ and α-SMA gene expression in LX-2 cells than L-PZQ (all P values < 0.05). Conclusions Both L-PZQ and D-PZQ inhibit the proliferation and activation of LX-2 cells, and D-PZQ shows a higher inhibitory activity than L-PZQ.

A novel sort of nano-component was extricated and isolated from Descurainiae Semen Carbonisatum (DSC), and its hemostatic component was considered through pharmacological experiments. A muffle furnace was used to prepare DSC at 250 ℃, 300 ℃ and 350 ℃, and the DSC dialysate at each temperature was obtained by the extraction and separation method. Low-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) were utilized to characterize the nano-components. Ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV-Vis), fluorescence spectroscopy (FL) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were utilized to measure its optical characteristics and functional group information. The anti-hemorrhagic effects were evaluated by liver bleeding tests and the related hemostatic mechanisms of the obtained nano-components were further assessed by detecting blood coagulation and PLT quantity to discuss the hemostasis mechanism. The experiments complied with the Animal Ethics Committee of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. TEM results showed that there was a novel type of nano-component in the DSC dialysate bag, which was named DSC nano-components (DSC-NCs). The experimental results of liver bleeding in mice showed that DSC-NCs prepared at 250 ℃, 300 ℃, and 350 ℃ could reduce the bleeding time of mice liver. Among them, DSC-NCs prepared at 350 °C had the best effect. In addition, DSC-NCs prepared at various temperatures can also reduce the prothrombin time (PT) value, increase the fibrinogen (FIB) value and the platelet (PLT) value to varying degrees. DSC-NCs have a certain hemostatic effect, which may be related to the activation of the exogenous coagulation system, the increase of FIB value and the increase of platelet content. This provides a new research direction for exploring the treatment of bleeding diseases, and provides a new perspective for the potential application of DSC-NCs in the medical field.