Objective: To investigate the relationship between night-time noise exposure and depressive symptoms among junior and senior high school students, so as to provide evidence to support strategies for promoting their physical and mental health. Methods: From September 2024 to December 2025, 2 900 junior and senior high school students were selected using stratified cluster random sampling in the three cities of Nanning, Lhasa, and Yanji. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to assess depressive symptoms in junior and senior high school students, and a noise exposure survey was conducted. Chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence of depressive symptoms among junior and senior high school students with different types of night-time noise exposure, and Logistic regression models were employed to examine the association between night-time noise exposure and depressive symptoms among junior and senior high school students. Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms among junior and senior high school students without night-time noise exposure was 33.0%, while that among junior and senior high school students with night-time noise exposure was 49.0%; the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2= 45.85 , P <0.01) . After adjusting for gender, age and region, Logistic regression analysis showed that exposure to night-time traffic noise, neighborhood noise, air conditioner noise, and other types of noise showed increased risk of detecting depressive symptoms in junior and senior high school students ( OR =2.22, 1.84, 2.41, 2.17, all P <0.05). Conclusion Night-time noise exposure is associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms among junior and senior high school students.

Objective To explore the influence of prozone effect on anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) testing by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA).Methods The samples with high titer of ANA (≥1∶1 000) were selected from 880fresh serum samples, and were subsequently diluted in 1∶100, 1∶1 000and 1∶10 000ratio.Prozone effect was defined as fluorescence intensity from 1∶1 000dilution was stronger than that from1∶100dilution.The samples with prozone effect were determined manually or by Sprinter XL and EUROPattern.The samples with prozone effect were further characterized by combinations of fluorescence patterns, fluorescence intensities and autoantibody specificities.Results A total of 880samples were tested.Importantly, 34samples displayed prozone effect (3.86％in total and 29.57％in samples with ANA≥1∶1 000).Interestingly, prozone effect was identified by manual detection as well as by Sprinter XL with similar fluorescence patterns and fluorescence intensities.Notably, EUROPattern can only select the central area for identification.Among all samples with prozone effect, 74.42％samples exhibited fluorescence intensities of≥1∶10 000.Speckled pattern was the most prevalent fluorescence patterns in samples with prozone effect (46.51％).In addition, anti-RNP antibodies (62.79％) were the most popular autoantibodies in samples with prozone effect, followed by anti-dsDNA antibodies (51.16％) and anti-SSA antibodies (51.16％).Conclusion Prozone effect was present in ANA testing, especially in samples with high titers, resulting in underestimating the titers.The study highlighted that special attention should be paid to the prozone effect in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and the pathogens of recurrent urinary tract infection (RUTI) after renal transplantation.Methods The data of adult recipients with UTI from November 2011 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.The recipients were divided into single UTI (SUTI) group and RUTI group.The clinical characteristics and pathogens were analyzed,and the independent risk factors of RUTI were analyzed using logistic regressionmodel.Results Fifty-three cases were selected,including 29 cases of SUTI and 24 cases of RUTI.The positive rate of blood culture (55％ vs.25％,P =0.042) and the concentration of FK506 in the peri-infection period (11.0 + 3.4 ng/mL vs.8.6 + 3.2 ng/mL,P =0.024) in the RUTI group were significantly higher than that those in the SUTI group at the first UTI.The increased concentration of FK506 in the peri-infection period at the first UTI was an independent risk factor for RUTI (β:0.282,95％ CI:1.026-1.713,P＜0.05).There were 86 infection events in 53 patients,and pathogenic microorganisms were cultured in blood culture and urine culture for 86 times.The positive frequency of culture in the RUTI group was higher than that in the SUTI group,but not significantly.The most common pathogenic microorganisms included Escherichia coli (17 times),pseudomonas aeruginosa (16 times),and Enterococcus (16 times).Conclusion Reduction of the FK506 concentration during the peri-infection period at the first UTI is the key to prevent RUTI after renal transplantation.The empirical antibiotics for RUTI should be sensitive for Escherichia coli (ESBL +)and pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Objectives To explore the clinical significance of autoantibodiesin individuals who accept a routine physical examination.Methods From April to June 2012, the serum of 932 individualsincluding 649 males and 283 females, from department of routine physical examination center of Peking Union Medical College Hospitalwerecollected , it uesd IIF for ANA, line immunoassay ( LIA) for specific ANAs antibodies and ELISA for the other antibodies , includinganti-CCP antibodies , AMA-M2, ACL antibodies and anti-anti-β2GPⅠantibodies.Chi-square test was used for data measurement of positive rate of autoantibodies in men and women;Fisher′s exact test was used when the data not meet the conditions of Chi-square test.Individualswith high-risk of autoimmune disease according to the results ofautoantibodies ( Titersof autoantibodies≥2-fold cut-off and accompanied with other autoimmune diseases related laboratory abnormalities) were recalled to visit doctor.Results Of the 932 cases, the overall positive rate of ANA was 11.27%.The positive rate of ANA was19.79%inwomen, which was significantly higher than thatin men (7.09%)(χ2 =32.6, P<0.01); the overall positive rate of ANAswas 8.69%, and the positive rate of ANA was13.43%inwomen, whichwas significantly higher than that in men ( 6.63%) (χ2 =11.49, P <0.01);the overall positive rates of AMA-M2, anti-CCP antibodies , anti ACL antibodies and anti β2GPⅠantibodies were 3.22%, 0.54%, 2.90%and 0.21% respectively , which were 2.83%, 0.71%, 3.18%and 0.71 % in women , and 3.39%, 0.46%, 2.77% and 0.00% in men respectively , there was no statistically significant of positive rate between female and male 58 patients accounting for 6.22% in high-risk of autoimmune disease were recalled , of which 15 cases, accounting for 1.61% were diagnosed or highly suspected of autoimmune diseases (AID) of the 15 patients, 11 patients accounting for 1.18% were diagnosed AID, including 6 CTD, 3 pSS, 1 RA and 1 pSS/PBC;4 patients were highly suspected as AID , including 3 suspected CTD and 1 suspected pSS.The titers concentration of the positive antibodies in patients with confirmed or suspected AID ≥ 3 times cut-off.Conclusions The positive rate of autoantibodies in individuals of physical examination is high , but there is clinical significance when the titers concentration of positive autoantibodies ≥ 3 times of the cut-off.Positive-autoantibodies patients with high-risk of autoimmune disease need professional clinician to provide follow-up, consulting and health education for early discovery, timely diagnosis, and proper treatment of AID.

The detection of autoimmune liver disease (AILD) relevant autoantibodies is of important value in the diagnosis and treatment of AILD and especially in autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis.With the increasing of patients clinically diagnosed AILD,the detection of AILD relevant autoantibodies is gradually clinically concerned and appreciated.As the detection of AILD relevant autoantibodies affected by various factors,there are still many problems in the detection and clinical applications of AILD relevant autoantibodies.We should promote the universal clinical application of AILD relevant autoantibodies,emphasis on the quality management and improve the quality of detection constantly,attend to the standard detection and rational application of AILD relevant autoantibodies.

The detection of autoantibodies is of great value in the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases.The popular autoantibody screening promotes the rapid development of the clinical awareness,diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases,which in turn results in the increasing demand of autoantibody detection and continuous improvement the detection quality.In order to make better use of autoantibodies results during the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases,the workers of autoantibodies detection should understand various affecting factors of the autoantibodies detection completely,emphasis on the autoantibodies quality management and improve the quality of detection constantly ; Aware of the complexity and specificity of autoantibodies fully and participate in the selection of autoantibodies detection and correct interpretation of the clinical significance of autoantibodies actively;Emphasis on the clinical application of autoantibodies and promote the universal clinical application of autoantibodies.

Objective To identify biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by proteomic technology and develop a diagnostic model for neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE).Methods CSF proteomic spectra of 27 patients with NPSLE before and after treatment,and 27 controls including 17 patients with scoliosis,and 10 SLE patients without neuropsychiatric manifestation (non-NPSLE) were generated by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) combined with weak cationic exchange (WCX) magnetic beads.Data were analyzed with t test,non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis H test or Wilcoxon sign-rank test.A decision tree model for NPSLE classification was built based on the discriminating peaks.In addition,CSF samples of 12 patients with NPSLE,12 patients with lumbar disc herniation and 9 patients with other neurological conditions were employed as blind test group to verify the accuracy of the model.Results Twelve discriminating mass-to-charge (m/z) peaks were identified between NPSLE and controls.The diagnostic decision tree model,built with a panel of m/z peaks 8595,7170,7661,7740 and 5806,recognized NPSLE with the sensitivity and specificity of 92.6％ and 92.6％ based on training group samples,91.7％ and 85.7％ based on blind test group,respectively.Conclusion Potential CSF NPSLE biomarkers are identified by proteomic technology,the novel diagnostic model is sensitive and relatively specific for the diagnosis of NPSLE.

Objective To explore the prevalence of autoimmune liver disease-related antibodies in patients with PBC, and study the clinic significance of autoimmune liver disease related antibody profiles in patients with PBC. Methods The anti-AMA in 247 specimens from patients with liver disease, including 173 PBC, 37 AIH and 37 LDC were detected by IIF. Anti-AMA-M2, anti-GP210, anti-SP100, anti-SLA, anti-LCI and anti-LKM-1 antibodies were measured by ELISA. Results The positive rates of anti-AMA, anti-AMA-M2, anti-GP210, anti-SPl00, anti-LC1, anti-SLA and anti-LKM-1 antibodies were92. 5% (160/ 173), 86.7% (150/173), 35. 8% (62/173), 24. 3% (42/173), 0.6% (1/173), 0% (0/173) and 0.6%(l/173) in PBC group, 18.9% (7/37), 5.4% (2/37),8.1% (3/37),13. 5% (5/37),0% (0/ 37 ) ,5.4% (2/37 ) and 2. 7% (1/37 ) in AIH group and 5.4% (2/37), 2.7% (1/37 ) , 5.4% (2/37 ) , 10. 8% (4/37) , 0% (0/37) , 0% (0/37) and 0% (0/37) respectively in LDC group. Anti-AMA, anti-AMA-M2 and anti-GP210 was detected more frequently in patients with PBC group than AIH group (x~2 =101.3,100.8 and 11.0,P<0.01) while anti-SLA was detected more frequently in patients with AIH group than PBC group (x~2 = 9. 4, P < 0.01). The levels of ALT, TBIL, DBIL, GGT and ALP were higher in patients known to have positive anti-GP210 ( U = 1212.0,1199.0,1218.0,1074.0,1030. 0,P < 0. 01) and the levels of IgM were higher in patients known to have positive AMA ( U = 94.0, P <0.05). Conclusions Anti-LCI, anti-SLA and anti-LKM-1 antibodies in PBC and AIH are detected at a very low frequency in the corhort. Anti-GP210 antibody is found to be associated with the severity of liver damage while AMA is found to be associated with immunologic function in patients with PBC. There is little significance for screening anti-LCI, anti-SLA, anti-LKM-1 antibodies in patients with autoimmune liver diseases. It is of importance to detect anti-AMA and anti-GP210 antibodies for diagnosis of PBC.

Objective To screen serum markers in patients with PBC by high-throughput protein chips encoded by the human genome. Methods High-throughput protein chips (contains a total of 38 400protein spots, including 17 718 human genes encoding proteins) were used to screen sera from 21 PBC patients, 20 disease control patients and 10 normal controls. Bioinformatics software was used to analyze information and statistical software was used to analyze the data to confirm the serum markers of PBC. Results The detection rate of protein spots using anti-GST antibody on the chip was 97. 6%, and the signal intensity correlation coefficient of double protein spots was 0. 98. Four serum markers( PDHA1, DBT,DLAT and HK1 )were screened by high-throughput protein chips between PBC group and the control group with a statistically significant. The positive rate of the four markers in the three groups was 66. 67% ( 14/21), 5.00% (1/20) and 0(0/10); 57. 14% ( 12/21 ), 5.00% (1/20) and 0(0/10); 52. 38% ( 11/21 ),0(0/20) and 0(0/10); 52. 38% ( 11/21 ), 0(0/20) and 0(0/10) respectively. All the four markers were different in the three groups with statistically significant (PDHA1 :x2 = 16. 79, P ＜0. 01 ;Fisher exact test,P=0. 000; DBT:x2 =12.86, P＜0. 01;Fisher exact test, P=0. 004; DLAT and HK1:Fisher exact test,P ＜0. 01 or 0. 05). Of those markers, antibodies to PDHA1, DBT and DLAT were the component of AMAM2 which had been used as the marker of PBC. Antibody to HK1 was identified as new marker of PBC,whose sensitivity to PBC was 52. 38% and specificity was 100. 00%. There were no serum marker were screened between the AMA-M2 positive and negative PBC patients. Only antibody to CENPB was identified to be significantly expressed between the ACA positive and negative PBC patients ( Fisher exact test, P =0. 000). Conclusions High-throughput protein chip encoded by the human gene is a technology for quick and comprehensive screening of new markers of PBC. Antibodies to HK1 could be used as new marker for PBC with highly sensitivity and specificity. No serum marker is found between the AMA-M2 positive and negative PBC patients whereas only antibody to CENPB is identified as marker between the ACA positive and negative PBC patients.

Objective Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of might-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was utilized to analyze the protein fingerprint in brain-gut interaction of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) model rats' colon, so as to find the clues for IBS. Methods Fourteen healthy male adult Wistar rats were selected and divided into a control and a chronic and acute stress ( CAS) group. Colon motility, visceral sensation and behavior changes of rats were detected to evaluate the model. MALDI-TOF-MS was used to observe the overall view of protein in colon so as to study whether there are abnormalities of protein levels in IBS. Results As compared with those in the control group, the number of fecal pellets [ (6. 00 ± 1. 69 ) pellets/1 h vs ( 1. 14 ± 0. 69 ) pellets/1 h, P < 0. 01 ] and frequency of abdominal contraction induced by colorectal distention (CRD) increased, while the amount of weight gain [ (298. 88 ± 18.61)gvs (348. 00±12. 44)g, P<0.01] and consumption of sucrose solutions [ (13. 63 ± 1. 69) ml/1 h vs (19.00±3.06) ml/1 h, P<0.05] decreased in the CAS group (P <0. 05). As far as protein/peptide quality different peak was concerned, CAS rats had 12 different peaks compared with the control rats. The different proteins could be divided into 4 types, which were related to iron secretion, protein synthesis, G protein system and immunity. The protein levels of the model group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0. 05). Conclusions The CAS rats integrate the major characteristics of IBS such as altered colon motility, higher visceral hypersensitivity and psychiatric disorder and can mimic the brain-gut interaction of IBS partly. The detection of differential proteins provides reference for the pathogenesis and treatment of IBS.