Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of three different therapies,including transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)treatment,endoscopic treatment and medication treatment,combined with transhepatic arterial chemoembolization(TACE)in treating primary liver cancer complicated by portal hypertension and upper gastrointestinal bleeding.Methods A total of 105 patients with primary liver cancer associated with portal hypertension and upper gastrointestinal bleeding,who were admitted to the No.980 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Forces of China to receive treatment between January 2014 and June 2020,were enrolled in this study.According to the therapeutic scheme,the patients were divided into TIPS+TACE group(TIPS group,n=25),endoscopy+TACE group(endoscopy group,n=30),and medication+TACE group(medication group,n=50).The clinical efficacy,recurrence rate of bleeding,incidence of hepatic encephalopathy,and survival rate were compared between each other among the three groups.Results The differences in the postoperative 6-month,12-month and 24-month recurrence rates of bleeding between each other among the three groups were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).In TIPS group,the portal vein pressure decreased from preoperative(38.47±9.35)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)to postoperative(25.24±5.68)mmHg,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).After treatment,the hemoglobin level in the three groups showed varying degrees of elevation,which in the TIPS group and endoscopy group were better than that in the medication group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).In all three groups,the differences in the recurrence rate of bleeding between postoperative 6-month value,12-month value and 24-month value were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The postoperative 6-month,12-month and 24-month recurrence rates of bleeding in the TIPS group were lower than those in the endoscopy group and the medication group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The postoperative 12-month and 24-month recurrence rates of bleeding in the TIPS group were lower than those in the endoscopy group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The postoperative 12-month and 24-month recurrence rates of bleeding in the endoscopy group were lower than those in the medication group(P＜0.05),and the difference in the postoperative 6-month recurrence rate of bleeding between the two groups was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).The postoperative 6-month and 12-month incidences of hepatic encephalopathy in the TIPS group were higher than those in the endoscopy group and the medication group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05),while the differences in the postoperative 6-month and 12-month incidences of hepatic encephalopathy between the endoscopy group and the medication group were not statistically significant(P＞0.05),and the differences in the postoperative 24-month incidence of hepatic encephalopathy between each other among the three groups were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).No statistically significant difference in the 6-month mortality existed between TIPS group and endoscopy group(P＞0.05),and the 6-month mortality of both TIPS group and endoscopy group was remarkably lower than that of the medication group(P＜0.05).The postoperative 12-month mortality and 24-month mortality in TIPS group were lower than those in the endoscopy group and the medication group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05),but the differences in the postoperative 12-month mortality and 24-month mortality between the endoscopy group and the medication group were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion For primary liver cancer associated with portal hypertension and upper gastrointestinal bleeding,TIPS combined with TACE can effectively control tumor progression and prolong survival.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,32:33-37)

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiao′er Huangjin Zhike Granules in the treatment of cough caused by acute bronchitis in children, which is defined in TCM terms as a syndrome of phlegm-heat obstructing the lung.Methods:This was a block-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial.From January 2022 to September 2023, 359 children aged 3 to 7 years old diagnosed as acute bronchitis (lung-obstructing phlegm-heat syndrome) were enrolled from 21 participating hospitals and randomly assigned to the experimental group and placebo group in a 3︰1 ratio, and respectively treated with Xiao′er Huangjin Zhike Granules and its matching placebo.Cough resolution/general resolution rate after 7 days of treatment was used as the primary efficacy outcome for both groups.Results:(1)On the seventh day of treatment, the rate of cough disappearance/basically disappearance in the experimental group and placebo group were 73.95% and 57.61% retrospectively, which had statistically significance ( P=0.001).(2)After 7 days of treatment, the median duration of cough disappearance/basic disappearance were 5 days and 6 days in the two groups , with a statistically significant difference ( P=0.006).The area under the curve of cough symptom severity time was 7.20 ± 3.79 in the experimental group and 8.20±4.42 in the placebo group.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P=0.039).(3) After 7 days of treatment, the difference between TCM syndrome score and baseline was -16.0 (-20.0, -15.0) points in the experimental group and -15.0 (-18.0, -12.0) points in the placebo group, with significant difference between the two groups ( P=0.004).In the experimental group, the clinical control rate, the markedly effective rate, the effective rate and the ineffective rate were 49.04%, 28.35%, 16.48% and 6.13% severally; and in the placebo group, the clinical control rate, the markedly effective rate, the effective rate and the ineffective rate were 38.04%, 26.09%, 29.35%, and 6.52% separately, which had statistically significant ( P=0.014).(4) There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events or adverse reactions during the trial between both groups.Moreover, while adverse reactions in the form of vomiting and diarrhea were occasionally reported, no serious drug-related adverse event or adverse reaction was reported.(5)The tested drug provided good treatment compliance, showing no statistically significant difference from the placebo in terms of compliance rate. Conclusions:Based on the above findings, it can be concluded that Xiao′er Huangjin Zhike Granules provides good safety, efficacy, and treatment compliance in the treatment of cough caused by acute bronchitis, and lung-obstructing phlegm-heat syndrome, in children.

Objective To investigate the effects of perioperative goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) on hemodynamics, postoperative recovery, and complications in elderly patientswith gastric cancer radical surgery complicated by hypertension. Methods A total of 88 elderly patients with gastric cancer radical surgery complicated by hypertension were enrolled and randomly divided into treatment group and control group, with 44 patients in each group. The treatment group received GDFT during the perioperative period, while the control group received conventional fluid therapy. The mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO₂) at different time points, as well as postoperative exhaust time, postoperative hospital stay, and postoperative complication rates were compared between the two groups. Results The time effects (F=60.488, 49.789, 39.423), intergroup effects (F=17.317, 12.969, 10.101), and interaction effects (F=26.415, 22.546, 17.294) of mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and ScvO₂ in the two groups showed statistically significant difference(P < 0.05). After surgery, the mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and ScvO₂ in the treatment group were higher than those before anesthesia and the control group (P < 0.05). The postoperative exhaust time and hospital stay in the treatment group were (2.25±0.61) and (10.29±1.96) days, respectively, which were shorter than (2.82±0.71) and (12.36±2.29) days in the control group (P < 0.05). The total incidence of postoperative complications in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group (11.36% versus 29.54%, P < 0.05). Conclusion Applying GDFT during the perioperative period for elderly patients with gastric cancer radical surgery complicated by hypertension can provide a more stable hemodynamic environment, improve tissue perfusion, accelerate postoperative recovery, and reduce postoperative complications.

Objective:To investigate the predictive values of 18F-FDG PET/CT image feature and metabolic parameters for the malignant potential of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Methods:From March 2014 to June 2020, the 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging and surgical pathological data of 35 patients with GIST (27 males, 8 females; age 44-84 years) from Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into ring-shaped uptake group and other uptake patterns group according to 18F-FDG PET/CT image feature. Fisher′s exact test was used to analyze the differences of tumor necrosis and National Institutes of Health (NIH) risk classification (short for NIH classification) between different image feature groups. Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the differences of SUV max , metabolic parameters at different thresholds (2.5, 40%, 50%) of SUV max (metabolic tumor volume (MTV; MTV 2.5, MTV 40%, MTV 50%) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG; TLG 2.5, TLG 40%, TLG 50%)) between different clinicopathological features (lesion location, tumor diameter, mitotic count, Ki-67, necrosis, image feature, NIH classification) groups. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between clinicopathological features and metabolic parameters. ROC curve analysis was used to distinguish NIH classification of different metabolic parameters. Delong test was used to compared differences between different AUCs. Results:Of 35 GIST patients, 11(31.4%) were ring-shaped uptake and 24(68.6%) were other uptake patterns, and the differences of necrosis (7/11 vs 12.5%(3/24); P=0.004) and NIH classification (11/11 vs 25.0%(6/24); P<0.001) between the two groups were significant. There were significant differences of metabolic parameters between different groups of tumor diameter, mitotic count, necrosis, image feature, NIH classification ( z values: from -4.70 to -2.09, all P<0.05), while there were no significant differences of Ki-67 ( z values: from -0.83 to -0.71, all P>0.05). Metabolic parameters were correlated with mitotic count, tumor diameter, necrosis, image feature and NIH classification ( rs values: 0.36-0.81, all P<0.05), while was not correlated with Ki-67 ( rs values: 0.12-0.14, all P>0.05). The differences of AUCs between SUV max and MTV 2.5, TLG 2.5, TLG 40%, TLG 50%were significant (0.752, 0.856, 0.856, 0.882, 0.886; z values: 1.96-2.12, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The NIH classification of GIST with ring-shaped uptake on 18F-FDG PET/CT is higher and more prone to necrosis. The 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters based on different thresholds of SUV max have certain significance for the prediction of NIH classification of GIST, and may be superior to SUV max.

Macropinocytosis, an evolutionarily conserved, actin-dependent form of endocytosis, is involved in various physiological processes, including nutrient absorption, antigen presentation, and cell signaling transduction and migration. Oncogene activation and tumor suppressor inactivation induce macropinocytosis in tumors in the digestive system, involved in tumorigenesis and progression, whereas the inhibition of macropinocytosis slows the aggressive phenotype of digestive system tumors and improves the efficacy of anti-tumor drugs. Macropinocytosis can also be used as a delivery route for anti-tumor drugs. Therefore, macropinocytosis has been widely studied to develop new methods for the treatment of digestive system tumors.This paper reviews the role of macropinocytosis in the body, the regulation of macropinocytosis-related signaling pathway, as well as the mechanism of macropinocytosis in colorectal cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, liver cancer and other digestive system tumors, to provide reference for related researches.

Objective To observe the effectiveness and safety of Viatorr stent applicated in TIPS for treating primary hepatic carcinoma(PHC)complicated with liver cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.Methods Date of 20 PHC patients complicated with liver cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage who underwent TIPS using Viatorr stent were retrospectively analyzed.The technical success rate of TIPS,clinical success rate,complications,recurrence of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and the patency of stent shunt 1,3,6 and 12 months after TIPS were recorded.Results TIPS was successfully completed in all 20 cases,and the technical success rate was 100%.The portal venous pressure was(37.58±7.26)mmHg before TIPS and(18.35±6.47)mmHg after TIPS,and the difference was significant(P＜0.05).No active bleeding nor declined hemoglobin was found within 72 h after TIPS,and the clinical success rate was 100%(20/20).No severe complication such as intraperitoneal hemorrhage,hemorrhage caused by hepatic carcinoma rupture nor bile leakage occurred.During the follow-up period,hepatic encephalopathy occurred in 4 cases(4/20,20.00%)but alleviated after symptomatic treatments.Recurrence of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage was noticed in 2 cases(2/20,10.00%),while 6 patients died(6/20,30.00%).One,3,6 and 12 months after TIPS,the patency of stent shunt was 100%(20/20),100%(20/20),100%(20/20)and 95.00%(19/20),respectively.Conclusion Viatorr stent applicated in TIPS was effective and safe for treating PHC complicated with liver cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

Objective:To analyze the factors influencing dysphagia after an injury to the cervical spinal cord (CPCI) to provide a basis for clinical screening and intervention.Methods:A total of 110 CPCI patients with dysphagia were divided into a severe dysphagia group ( n=19), a mild dysphagia group ( n=35), and a control group ( n=56) according to their functional oral intake scale scores. Data on gender, age, level of injury, degree of damage, duration of injury, causes of injury, surgical mode, tracheotomy status, occurrence of pneumonia and pharynx swelling were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were evaluated to identify factors affecting swallowing. Results:The regressions highlighted age, the severity of the spinal cord injury, tracheotomy status, and the occurrence of pneumonia and pharyngeal swelling during hospitalization as the best predictors of swallowing difficulties. Multifactoral logistic regression analysis revealed that undergoing tracheotomy and catching pneumonia during hospitalization were major risk factors for severe dysphagia.Conclusions:Tracheotomy and pneumonia during hospitalization are useful predictors of severe dysphagia after a cervical spinal cord injury.

ObjectiveTo investigate the tongue movement of swallowing food with different volumes and viscosities in healthy adults by B/M ultrasound. MethodsFrom November 1, 2021 to April 15, 2022, 61 healthy adults were recruited from those who underwent ultrasound examination in Beijing Bo'ai Hospital. The objects were ask to swallow 5 mL water, 15 mL water, 5 mL semi-liquid yogurt and 5 mL solid yogurt. Then B/M ultrasound was used to record the phase I time, phase II time, maximum amplitude and maximum velocity of tongue movement. ResultsThe phase I time was the least as swallowing 5 mL water (|Z| > 3.871, P < 0.001). The phase II time was less asswallowing 5 mL water than that of swallowing 15 mL water and 5 mL semi-liquid yogurt (|Z| > 2.61, P < 0.001). The maximum amplitude of tongue movement was the most as swallowing 15 mL water (|Z| > 8.888, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the maximum velocity of tongue movement among the four swallowing tasks (χ² = 0.833, P > 0.05). ConclusionFood of different viscosities and different volumes can affect tongue movement. The use of B/M ultrasound is an easy, radiation-free and cost-effective method for the assessment of swallowing.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of pretargeting technique for immunoPET with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody in EGFR positive/negative tumor bearing mice.Methods:Cetuximab- Trans-cyclooctene (TCO)was obtained by modifying Cetuximab with TCO- N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). 2, 2′-((6-amino-1-(4, 7-bis-(carboxymethyl)-1, 4, 7-triazonan-1-yl)hexan-2-yl)azanediyl)-diacetic acid (L-NETA)was used as a chelating agent to prepare the radioligand 68Ga-L-NETA-tetrazine (Tz), then the labeling rate and in vitro stability of the product were determined. Human basal breast cancer cells MDA-MB-468 (EGFR+ ) and MDA-MB-231 (EGFR-) were cultured in vitro. In vitro experiments were performed to explore the specificity of the probe and the feasibility of pretargeting technique. Nude mice (Balb/c-nu) bearing xenografts of the above two cell lines were established. Cetuximab-TCO (50 μg) was injected into the tumor-bearing mice in advance, then 68Ga-L-NETA-Tz was injected at different time points (48, 36, 24 and 12 h), and pretargeting was realized through " click chemistry" . Small-animal PET imaging and biodistribution were performed to evaluate pharmacokinetic properties and specificity of the probe. The one-way analysis of variance was used to compare the data. Results:The 68Ga-L-NETA-Tz molecular probe was successfully prepared with the labeling yield >95%, and the radiochemical purity was >95% after 2 h. Cetuximab-TCO and 68Ga-L-NETA-Tz were added to MDA-MB-468 cells successively, and the cell uptake rate reached (0.69±0.04)% at 1 h, which demonstrated the feasibility of the pretargeting technique. PET imaging and biodistribution results showed that the best imaging results were obtained in 36 h pre-injection group, in which the tumor uptake was the highest ((0.77±0.05) percentage activity of injection dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g), 1 h) and the tumor/muscle ratio was optimal (4.67±0.46); the tumor uptake in the blocking group, the group without injecting Cetuximab-TCO, and the MDA-MB-231 group were significantly lower ((0.35±0.01), (0.39±0.05), (0.45±0.10) %ID/g; F=15.50, P=0.002). Conclusions:EGFR targeted immunoPET imaging is successfully performed in mouse models of breast cancer by injecting Cetuximab-TCO and 68Ga-L-NETA-Tz successively. It provides an effective method for immunoPET imaging of monoclonal antibodies.

ObjectiveTo analyze the reliability and validity of Chinese version of Dysarthria Impact Profile (DIP) in assessment of the psychosocial impact of dysarthria in Parkinson's disease (PD). MethodsFrom May, 2021 to March, 2022, 43 PD patients from Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were selected, and 43 age matched healthy controls were enrolled. The process of translation and adaptation was used to develop the Chinese version of DIP, and two groups were evaluated. The internal consistency reliability and intra-rater reliability were analyzed as well as the correlation between each item and its subscale, DIP scores to the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). DIP scores of two groups were compared. ResultsThe Cronbach's α was 0.732 to 0.942. The intra-rater correlation coefficient of subsection four was the highest (r = 0.670, P < 0.001). The correlation coefficients were 0.315 to 0.871, which were correlated (P < 0.05), except items 1, 6, 11 of subsection three and item 11 of subsection four. The correlation coefficient between DIP and VHI was -0.821 (P < 0.01), and it was 0.684 (P < 0.01) between DIP and SF-36. DIP scores were significant different between PD patients and the control group (P < 0.01). ConclusionThe Chinese version of DIP shows good reliability and validity, and can be used as a tool to measure the psychosocial impact of dysarthria in PD patients.