Objective: To analyze the developmental trajectories of clustered health risk behaviors and their association with self-esteem and lonelinesss among junior high school students, so as to provide a reference for formulating comprehensive prevention and control measures of health risk behaviors among adolescents. Methods: In October 2023, 1 165 first year junior high school students from two schools of Jishou City in Hunan Province were selected by convenient sampling method for three follow up surveys (T1:October 2023; T2:April 2024; T3:October 2024). The Adolescent Health Risk Behavior Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self esteem Scale and Loneliness Scale were used to assess health risk behaviors, self esteem and loneliness, respectively. Latent growth curve modeling and latent growth mixture modeling were applied to analyze the developmental trajectories of clustered health risk behaviors among junior high school students. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of the developmental trajectories of clustered health risk behaviors with self esteem and loneliness among junior high school students. Results: The overall developmental trajectories among junior high school students showed a declining trend (intercept=0.15, slope=-1.65, both P <0.05), with three heterogeneous categories:low risk improvement group ( n =862, 74.0%), moderate risk stable group ( n =260, 22.3%), and high risk deterioration group ( n =43, 3.7%). After adjusting the status of the left behind individuals，using the low risk improvement group as the reference category in multinomial Logistic regression analysis, results indicated that higher loneliness scores among junior high school students increased the risks of belonging to the moderate risk stable group ( OR=1.02, 95%CI =1.00- 1.04 ) and the high risk deterioration group ( OR=1.04, 95%CI =1.00-1.08), while higher self esteem scores reduced the risks of belonging to the moderate risk stable group ( OR=0.93, 95%CI =0.91-0.96) and the high risk deterioration group ( OR=0.88, 95%CI =0.83-0.94) (all P <0.05). Conclusions The overall trend of clustered health risk behaviors among junior high school students gradually improves, and the self esteem and loneliness are significant correlative factors. Targeted intervention measures should be developed for the junior high school students, with a focus on enhancing their self esteem and alleviating loneliness.

Mass spectrometry imaging （MSI） is an emerging molecular imaging technique that combines high spatial resolution and the ability to acquire molecular information. This technology can directly obtain spatial distribution maps of metabolites, proteins, lipids and other molecules in tumor tissues, reveal the abnormal molecular changes during the occurrence and development of liver cancer, and make up for the deficiency of information at the molecular level in traditional imaging （such as CT, MRI）. In liver cancer research, MSI has demonstrated unique advantages and application potential in early diagnosis and screening, precise classification, tumor heterogeneity analysis, and exploration of molecular mechanisms. The principle characteristics of MSI technology and its latest progress in the early diagnosis, classification and molecular mechanism research of liver cancer were reviewed, and the current challenges and future development directions were discussed, which aimed to provide a new perspective and theoretical basis for an in-depth understanding of the pathological mechanism of liver cancer and promoted its precise diagnosis and treatment.

Digital technologies have become an integral part of complete denture restoration. With advancement in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), tools such as intraoral scanning, facial scanning, 3D printing, and numerical control machining are reshaping the workflow of complete denture restoration. Unlike conventional methods that rely heavily on clinical experience and manual techniques, digital technologies offer greater precision, predictability, and efficacy. They also streamline the process by reducing the number of patient visits and improving overall comfort. Despite these improvements, the clinical application of digital complete denture restoration still faces challenges that require further standardization. The major issues include appropriate case selection, establishing consistent digital workflows, and evaluating long-term outcomes. To address these challenges and provide clinical guidance for practitioners, this expert consensus outlines the principles, advantages, and limitations of digital complete denture technology. The aim of this review was to offer practical recommendations on indications, clinical procedures and precautions, evaluation metrics, and outcome assessment to support digital restoration of complete denture in clinical practice.
Humans ; Denture, Complete ; Computer-Aided Design ; Denture Design/methods* ; Consensus ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

Objective The effect of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation combined with recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide(rhBNP)treatment on ventricular remodeling after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in elderly patients with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction.Methods A retrospective analysis was con-ducted on 66 elderly patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction who underwent emergency PCI in our hospital from January 2018 to June 2023.They were divided into a control group(n=32)who underwent PCI+rhBNP,and a study group(n=32)who underwent PCI+rhBNP+intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation.Blood pressure,lactic acid level,mechanical complications,ventricular remodeling,inflammatory factors,myocardial enzymology,ox-LDL level were detected and compared between the two groups.Results Before treatment,Lactic acid,diastolic blood pressure,systolic blood pressure,left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESD),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular posterior wall thickness(LVPWT),left ventricular remodeling index(LVRI),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),homocysteine(Hcy),interleukin-6(IL-6)and myocardial troponin were compared between the two groups.Myocardial troponin T(cTnT),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB),oxidized low density lipoprotein(ox-LDL)levels(P>0.05);At 3 months follow-up after discharge,the levels of lactic acid,LVESD,LVEDD,LVPWT,LVRI,Hcy,IL-6,cTnT,LDH,CK-MB and ox-LDL were decreased,and the levels were lower in the study group,and the levels of diastolic blood pressure,systolic blood pressure and LVEF were increased,and the levels were higher in the study group(P<0.05).The pro-portion of mechanical complications between the two groups before and after treatment were compared(P>0.05).Conclusion In elderly patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction after emergency PCI,intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation combined with rhBNP could alleviate ventricular remodeling,myocardial injury,reduce inflamma-tory injury,improve oxidative stress response,and regulate tissue perfusion.

Objective Responding to the imperative to modernize vocational education and establish competency-oriented systems,this study investigates the development of on-campus training bases for speech and hearing rehabilitation(SHR)programs within Chinese higher vocational colleges(HVC).It analyzes their functional role and essential compo-nents,and propose a competency-oriented,modular framework for on-campus training based on World Health Organization(WHO)rehabilitation competency framework(RCF),and professional education standards.Methods This research synthesized theories of higher vocational education and practical pedagogy(e.g.,situated learn-ing,experiential learning and constructivism)with analyses of domestic and international SHR educational poli-cies and standards.It examined the strategic importance and essential components(hardware,software,human re-sources,management)of on-campus training bases in the context of higher vocational education.Synthesizing RCF with standards from ASHA(knowledge and skills acquisition,KASA),International Association of Logope-dics and Phoniatrics(IALP),and Teaching Standards for Higher Vocational Schools from Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China,a core SHR professional competency model tailored for HVC was developed.This model subsequently guided the design of a modular on-campus training curriculum and associated pedagogi-cal approaches.Results On-campus training bases were pivotal platforms that bridge theory and practice,facilitating'teaching-learning-doing'integration within HVC SHR programs.Effective base construction necessitated synergistic integration across four key domains:hardware facilities(meeting specialized acoustic/equipment needs),software resources(case libraries,standard operating procedure and digital tools),'dual-role'human resources and robust manage-ment systems(operations,evaluation,industry-education linkages).Derived from RCF and related standards,a core SHR competency framework was developed,encompassing dimensions such as foundational knowledge and ethics,assessment(audiological;speech-language),intervention(audiological rehabilitation and technology;speech-language),and communication and collaboration.Consequently,eight core training modules were de-signed,including basic operations of hearing testing,introduction to objective hearing testing,preliminary hear-ing aid fitting,application of standardized speech-language assessment tools,simulation of articulation and voice disorder assessment and intervention,simulation of swallowing disorder screening and basic training,comprehen-sive case analysis and rehabilitation plan development,and practice of professional literacy and communication skills;detailing objectives,activities,and resources,and intended for seamless integration with theoretical cours-es and off-campus practicum,establishing a cohesive'curriculum-training-practicum'continuum.Furthermore,a suite of adaptable pedagogical models,including problem-based learning,case-based learning,simulation-based training,project-based learning and the flipped classroom,were recommended for implementing these modules.Conclusion The effective development of on-campus training bases for SHR programs in HVC necessitates establishing a systematic,competency-oriented practical teaching environment.Grounded in RCF,and essential SHR knowl-edge,skills and abilities,this study proposes a framework incorporating eight core training modules and comple-mentary pedagogical models,providing a theoretically grounded,practically applicable blueprint for enhancing the educational quality and substance of these bases within HVC.Successful realization hinges upon the synergis-tic development of the four key elements(hardware,software,human resources,management),deep integration between training activities,the curriculum,and practicum experiences,and the application of innovative pedago-gy to cultivate student potential.

Depressive disorder is a common psychiatric condition clinically characterized by impaired cognitive function， which profoundly affects patients' daily living and social functioning. Despite extensive research on the mechanism underlying the interaction between ghrelin and depressive disorder， comprehensive reviews， summary， and systematic organization of these findings remain lacking. To address this gap， this study aims to conduct a systematic evaluation of the effects and mechanisms of ghrelin on cognitive function in patients with depressive disorder， thereby providing references for targeted clinical interventions. On October 20， 2024， literature exploring the role and mechanisms of ghrelin in improving cognitive function in depressive disorder was sourced from the CNKI， PubMed and Web of Science databases， covering the period from the inception of the database till October 20， 2024. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening and data extraction. Ultimately， 9 articles were included in this review. The findings suggest that ghrelin improves cognitive function in patients with depressive disorder through multiple mechanisms， including mitigating inflammatory responses， modulating oxidative stress， and activating the cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein-brain-derived neurotrophic factor （CREB-BDNF） signaling pathway.

Objective:To describe and analyze the incidence, mortality and epidemiological trends of liver cancer in China and selected regions worldwide, providing data references for liver cancer prevention and control.Methods:Data on the incidence, mortality, historical trends, and projected estimates for 2050 of liver cancer were extracted from the GLOBOCAN 2022 database. Epidemiological characteristics of liver cancer in China and other region were described and compared by region, age, sex and human development index (HDI). Spearman's test was used to examine the relationships between HDI and age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) or age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) across regions. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) in ASIR was calculated using Joinpoint regression analysis.Results:In 2022, the number of new cases and deaths of liver cancer in the global were 866 000 and 759 000 respectively, and the ASIR and ASMR were 8.6/10 5 and 7.4/10 5, respectively. Both ASIR and ASMR were higher in males than in females. In China, there were 368 000 new cases and 317 000 deaths in 2022, with an ASIR of 15.0/10 5 and an ASMR of 12.6/10 5. Globally, the incidence of liver cancer in males peaked in the 65-69 age group, while in Chinese males, two incidence peaks were observed in the 50-54 and 65-69 age groups. Among the elderly (≥65 years), the global ASIR and ASMR were 7.4 and 8.1 times higher, respectively, than those in the working-age population (15-64 years). In China, the ratios of ASIR and ASMR between the elderly and working-age populations were 5.9 and 7.0, respectively. Both ASIR and ASMR were negatively correlated with HDI (ASIR: r=-0.18, P=0.018; ASMR: r=-0.31, P＜0.001). From 2002 to 2017, ASIR of liver cancer showed a declining trend in both males and females in China, Japan, and South Korea (all P＜0.001), with AAPCs of -1.96% for Chinese males and -2.75% for Chinese females. In contrast, the United States experienced an increasing trend in ASIR, with AAPCs of 3.13% for males and 3.12% for females (both P＜0.001). Projections indicate that by 2050, the number of new cases and deaths globally will reach 1.564 million and 1.421 million, representing increases of 80.6% and 87.2% compared to 2022, respectively. In China, the number of new cases and deaths are projected to be 560 000 and 514 000, increases of 52.2% and 62.1% from 2022, respectively. Conclusions:The burden of liver cancer varies significantly across regions, sexes, and age groups worldwide. Incidence and mortality rates are negatively correlated with HDI. The global burden of liver cancer is expected to continue increasing, underscoring the need for enhanced comprehensive prevention and control strategies.

Objective:To describe the epidemiological characteristics and trends of lung cancer incidence in Qidong City, Jiangsu Province, China, between 1972 and 2021, and provide guidelines for prevention and control.Methods:Data on lung cancer with onset from January 1, 1972 to December 31, 2021 and coded as C33-C34 in the International Classification of Diseases (10th edition) were extracted from the tumor registry database of Qidong City. Population data of Qidong City for each year from 1972 to 2021 were extracted from the annual report of household registration of the Public Security Bureau of Qidong City. The crude incidence rate (CR), China age-standardized rate (ASRC), world age-standardized rate (ASRW), 35-64 years truncated rate, 0-74 years cumulative rate, and cumulative risk were calculated. Average annual percentage change (AAPC) was calculated by Joinpoint software for CR, ASRC, and ASRW. The age-period-cohort (APC) model was used to analyze the influence of age, period, and birth cohort on the changes in the incidence trend of lung cancer.Results:From 1972 to 2021, there were 26 996 patients of lung cancer in Qidong, accounting for 18.30% (26 996/147 519) of all cancer new cases. The CR of lung cancer was 48.13/10 5, the ASRC was 29.65/10 5, and the ASRW was 29.67/10 5. The truncated incidence of 35-64 years old was 42.64/10 5, the cumulative incidence rate between the ages between 0-74 years old was 3.71%, and the cumulative risk was 3.64%. There were 18 572 male patients, with the CR, ASRC, and ASRW being 67.15/10 5, 43.82/10 5, and 43.87/10 5, respectively. The number of female patients was 8 424, and the CR, ASRC, and the ASRW were 29.62/10 5, 17.63/10 5, and 17.55/10 5, respectively. Temporal analysis indicated significant upward trends in the ASRCs for both genders combined, males, and females, with AAPC values of 2.21%, 1.76%, and 2.98% (all P<0.001), respectively. Age-specific incidence rates increased with age, peaking at 275.34/10 5 in the 75+ years age group, with an increasing trend in all age groups and the greatest increase in the 75+ years age group, with an AAPC value of 3.53% ( P<0.001). The results of the APC model showed that the net drift value of lung cancer incidence was 2.06% (95% CI: 1.72%-2.41%), and the highest value of local drift was 3.93% (95% CI: 3.20%-4.68%) in the 80+ years old group. The risk of cancer increases with age in the age effect. The period effect of the incidence rate ratio (RR) value increased from 1.12 during 1997-2001 to 2.09 during 2017-2021. The cohort effect of the RR value for risk of incidence increased from 0.17 during 1892-1896 to 2.54 during 1987-1991. Conclusions:From 1972 to 2021, the incidence rate of lung cancer in Qidong City showed an upward trend. Age, period, and cohort are all major factors influencing the incidence of lung cancer. It is necessary to develop precise and comprehensive prevention and control strategies to curb this increasing trend of lung cancer incidence.

Evading host immunity killing is a critical step for virus survival. Inhibiting viral immune escape is crucial for the treatment of viral diseases. Serine/threonine kinase 39 (STK39) was reported to play an essential role in ion homeostasis. However, its potential role and mechanism in viral infection remain unknown. In this study, we found that viral infection promoted STK39 expression. Consequently, overexpressed STK39 inhibited the phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and the production of type I interferon, which led to viral replication and immune escape. Genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of STK39 significantly protected mice from viral infection. Mechanistically, mass spectrometry and immunoprecipitation assays identified that STK39 interacted with PPP2R1A (a scaffold subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)) in a kinase activity-dependent manner. This interaction inhibited DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 1 (DCAF1)-mediated PPP2R1A degradation, maintained the stabilization and phosphatase activity of PP2A, which, in turn, suppressed the phosphorylation of IRF3, decreased the production of type I interferon, and then strengthened viral replication. Thus, our study provides a novel theoretical basis for viral immune escape, and STK39 may be a potential therapeutic target for viral infectious diseases.

[Purpose]To analyze the trend of incidence rates of gallbladder cancer in Qidong City of Jiangsu Province from 1972 to 2021.[Methods]The incidence data of gallbladder cancer from 1972 to 2021 were collected from the Qidong Tumour Registry database,the crude incidence rate(CR),age-standardized rate by Chinese standard population(ASRC),age-standardized rate by world standard population(ASRW)of gallbladder cancer were calculated.Trend analysis was per-formed using Joinpoint 4.9.1.0 software to calculate the average annual percentage change(AAPC)of gallbladder cancer incidence rates,and time trend analysis was performed on the overall inci-dence rate by sex and age.[Results]A total of 1 369 cases of gallbladder cancer occurred in Qi-dong City from 1972 to 2021,accounting for 0.93％of all malignant tumors.The overall CR of gallbladder cancer was 2.44/105 in 50 years,ASRC was 0.88/105 and ASRW was 1.45/105.The truncated rate of 35～64 years old was 1.98/105,the cumulative incidence of gallbladder cancer at 0～74 years old was 0.16％,and the risk of cumulative incidence of gallbladder cancer was 0.16％.CR was slightly higher in women than that in men,but after standardization it was slightly higher in men than that in women.The sex ratio of CR,ASRC and ASRW was 0.89,1.07 and 1.06,respectively.With the increase of age,the incidence of gallbladder cancer was also increased.The age of onset was slightly increased in last 50 years.In last 50 years,there was an upward trend in the overall incidence of gallbladder cancer,the incidence both for men and women,and the inci-dence of each age group.[Conclusion]The incidence of gallbladder cancer in Qidong City has increased considerably during the past 50 years,and continuing attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of gallbladder cancer especially for the key populations.