Objective:To develop a treatment-related quality of life scale for Chinese patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and to test its reliability and validity.Methods:The initial scale was constructed through a literature search, Delphi expert correspondence, and cognitive testing. This study conducted a preliminary survey of 379 patients with MM and a formal survey of 865 patients from the hematology departments of 155 hospitals nationwide from February 2024 to March 2024. The final scale was obtained after conducting item analysis and reliability and validity tests on the initial scale.Results:The constructed scale contains 36 items covering six domains: physiological, psychological, social, treatment side effects, general health, and others. In the preliminary survey, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of each item ranged from 0.597 to 0.939, and the test-retest reliability was 0.747 ( P<0.001). Exploratory factor analysis extracted eight common factors with a cumulative variance contribution of 60.058%. In the formal survey, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of each item ranged from 0.484 to 0.930, and the test-retest reliability was 0.835 ( P<0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a comparative fit index of 0.750, a root-mean-square error of approximation of 0.090, and a root-mean-square residual of 0.067. Conclusion:The treatment-related quality of life scale for Chinese patients with MM designed in this study exhibited good reliability and validity, reflecting the impact of treatment on the quality of life of patients. This scale can provide a reference to clinicians for assessing the disease status of patients.

Objective To explore the effects of robot assisted training (RAT) combined with neural mobi-lization (NM) training on the recovery of upper limb functions in stroke patients. Methods A total of 110 stroke patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected as the subjects and randomly divided into a control group (n=28),RAT group (n=27),NM group (n=28),and combination group (n=27). All patients underwent routine upper limb occupational therapy. Additionally,the patients in the RAT group were treated with upper limb rehabilitation robots,those in the NM group underwent neural mobilization for treatment,those in the combination group were managed with robot-assisted training for upper limb rehabilitation and neural mobilization. Before treat-ment and 4 weeks after treatment,the modified Ashworth scale (MAS),Fugl-Meyer assessment upper extremity (FMA-UE),functional test for the hemiplegic upper extremity Hong Kong version (FTHUE-HK),and modified Barthel index (MBI) were used to assess the effects. The surface electromyographic signals of the biceps and triceps at the maximum isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC) position during elbow flexion and extension were measured,the integrated electromyographic values (iEMG) were recorded and the synergistic contraction rate (CR) was calculated. Results There was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) between the four groups in the general information and pre-treatment assessments of MAS,FMA-UE,FTHUE-HK,MBI,iEMG,and CR. After 4 weeks,significant improvements were observed in all indicators compared to the pre-treatment assessments (P<0.05),with the exception of the triceps brachii CR,biceps brachii CR,and elbow extension MIVC biceps brachii iEMG in the control group.Among the group comparisons,all indicators showed statistically significant differences in mean or distribution (P<0.05),except for MAS and triceps brachii CR. The RAT group,NM group,and combination group all demonstrated significant improvements compared to the control group (P<0.05). Nota-bly,the combination group exhibited a greater degree of improvement than the RAT and NM groups. Conclusion RATcombined with NM can reduce upper limb muscle tone in stroke patients. This approacheffectively promotes the establishment of normal movement patterns,improve upper limb motor function,and enhance activities of daily living. This combination is effective and worthy of further clinical promotion and application.

The transition of cancer cells from epithelial state to mesenchymal state awarded hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stem cell properties and induced tumorigenicity, drug resistance, and high recurrence rate. Reversing the mesenchymal state to epithelial state by inducing mesenchymal-epithelial remodeling could inhibit the progression of HCC. Using high-throughput screening, chrysin was selected from natural products to reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by selectively increasing CDH1 expression. The target identification suggested chrysin exerted its anti-HCC effect through covalently and specifically binding threonine 205 (Thr205) of alpha-enolase (ENO1). For the first time, we revealed that ENO1 bound β-catenin mRNA, and recruited YTHDF2 to identify the m6A modified β-catenin in the 3'-UTR region to degrade β-catenin mRNA. Eventually, the CDH1 gene expression was improved through the regulation of β-catenin mRNA. ENO1/β-catenin mRNA interaction might be a promising target for cellular plasticity reprogramming. Moreover, chrysin could mediate mesenchymal‒epithelial remodeling through increasing degradation of β-catenin mRNA by promoting the binding of ENO1 and β-catenin mRNA. To the best of our knowledge, chrysin is the first reported small molecule inducing β-catenin mRNA degradation through binding to ENO1. The water-soluble derivative of chrysin may be a natural product-derived lead compound for circumventing metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance of HCC by mediating mesenchymal‒epithelial remodeling.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of chronic hepatitis C(CHC)patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 3(HCV GT3)infection and the risk factors for disease progression.Methods A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted among 1 002 CHC patients from 11 clinical centers in Northwest China from December 2017 to November 2023,and according to their genotype,they were divided into GT1,GT2,GT3,and GT6 groups.Clinical features were compared between the patients with different genotypes.The one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups,and the Scheffe test was used for further comparison between two groups.The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of data with skewed distribution between groups;the chi-square test or Fisher test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups.The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors for the progression of CHC to liver cirrhosis.Results In terms of the genotype,there were 427 patients with GT1 infection,242 with GT2 infection,299 with GT3 infection(210 patients with GT3a infection,87 with GT3b infection,and 2 with unclassified genotype),and 34 with GT6 infection.The patients with GT3 infection had a significantly younger age than those with GT1 infection(51.3±0.5 years vs 53.2±0.6 years,P<0.05)or GT2 infection(51.3±0.5 years vs 53.7±0.8 years,P<0.05),and for the patients with liver cirrhosis,the patients with GT3 infection had a significantly younger age than those with GT1 infection(52.1±0.5 years vs 59.4±0.9 years,P<0.001)or GT2 infection(52.1±0.5 years vs 58.1±1.1 years,P<0.001).Among the patients with GT3 infection,male patients accounted for 77.9%and the patients with liver cirrhosis accounted for 46.2%,which were significantly higher than those among the patients with GT1,GT2 or GT6 infection(all P<0.001).At baseline,the patients with GT3 infection had significantly higher levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)than those with GT1 or GT2 infection,significantly higher aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index(APRI)and fibrosis-4(FIB4)than those with GT1,GT2 or GT6 infection,a significantly lower platelet count(PLT)than those with GT2 or GT6 infection,a significantly higher level of alpha-fetoprotein than those with GT2 or GT6 infection,and a significantly lower level of albumin(Alb)than those with GT6 infection(all P<0.05).There were no significant differences between the patients with GT3a infection and those with GT3b infection in age,sex,the proportion of patients with liver cirrhosis,comorbidities,HCV RNA quantification,PLT,ALT,AST,alkaline phosphatase,Alb,APRI,and FIB-4(all P>0.05).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that PLT≤150×109/L(odds ratio[OR]=10.72,95%confidence interval[CI]:5.76-35.86,P<0.001)and Alb≤35 g/L(OR=3.74,95%CI:1.22-11.45,P=0.021)were risk factors for liver cirrhosis.Conclusion Most CHC patients with GT3 infection are male in Northwest China,and compared with the patients with other genotypes,such patients tend to have a younger age of onset and higher degrees of liver inflammation activity and fibrosis.Low PLT and a low level of Alb are risk factors for progression to liver cirrhosis in CHC patients with GT3 infection.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of chronic hepatitis C(CHC)patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 3(HCV GT3)infection and the risk factors for disease progression.Methods A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted among 1 002 CHC patients from 11 clinical centers in Northwest China from December 2017 to November 2023,and according to their genotype,they were divided into GT1,GT2,GT3,and GT6 groups.Clinical features were compared between the patients with different genotypes.The one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups,and the Scheffe test was used for further comparison between two groups.The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of data with skewed distribution between groups;the chi-square test or Fisher test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups.The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors for the progression of CHC to liver cirrhosis.Results In terms of the genotype,there were 427 patients with GT1 infection,242 with GT2 infection,299 with GT3 infection(210 patients with GT3a infection,87 with GT3b infection,and 2 with unclassified genotype),and 34 with GT6 infection.The patients with GT3 infection had a significantly younger age than those with GT1 infection(51.3±0.5 years vs 53.2±0.6 years,P<0.05)or GT2 infection(51.3±0.5 years vs 53.7±0.8 years,P<0.05),and for the patients with liver cirrhosis,the patients with GT3 infection had a significantly younger age than those with GT1 infection(52.1±0.5 years vs 59.4±0.9 years,P<0.001)or GT2 infection(52.1±0.5 years vs 58.1±1.1 years,P<0.001).Among the patients with GT3 infection,male patients accounted for 77.9%and the patients with liver cirrhosis accounted for 46.2%,which were significantly higher than those among the patients with GT1,GT2 or GT6 infection(all P<0.001).At baseline,the patients with GT3 infection had significantly higher levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)than those with GT1 or GT2 infection,significantly higher aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index(APRI)and fibrosis-4(FIB4)than those with GT1,GT2 or GT6 infection,a significantly lower platelet count(PLT)than those with GT2 or GT6 infection,a significantly higher level of alpha-fetoprotein than those with GT2 or GT6 infection,and a significantly lower level of albumin(Alb)than those with GT6 infection(all P<0.05).There were no significant differences between the patients with GT3a infection and those with GT3b infection in age,sex,the proportion of patients with liver cirrhosis,comorbidities,HCV RNA quantification,PLT,ALT,AST,alkaline phosphatase,Alb,APRI,and FIB-4(all P>0.05).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that PLT≤150×109/L(odds ratio[OR]=10.72,95%confidence interval[CI]:5.76-35.86,P<0.001)and Alb≤35 g/L(OR=3.74,95%CI:1.22-11.45,P=0.021)were risk factors for liver cirrhosis.Conclusion Most CHC patients with GT3 infection are male in Northwest China,and compared with the patients with other genotypes,such patients tend to have a younger age of onset and higher degrees of liver inflammation activity and fibrosis.Low PLT and a low level of Alb are risk factors for progression to liver cirrhosis in CHC patients with GT3 infection.

Objective To explore the effects of robot assisted training (RAT) combined with neural mobi-lization (NM) training on the recovery of upper limb functions in stroke patients. Methods A total of 110 stroke patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected as the subjects and randomly divided into a control group (n=28),RAT group (n=27),NM group (n=28),and combination group (n=27). All patients underwent routine upper limb occupational therapy. Additionally,the patients in the RAT group were treated with upper limb rehabilitation robots,those in the NM group underwent neural mobilization for treatment,those in the combination group were managed with robot-assisted training for upper limb rehabilitation and neural mobilization. Before treat-ment and 4 weeks after treatment,the modified Ashworth scale (MAS),Fugl-Meyer assessment upper extremity (FMA-UE),functional test for the hemiplegic upper extremity Hong Kong version (FTHUE-HK),and modified Barthel index (MBI) were used to assess the effects. The surface electromyographic signals of the biceps and triceps at the maximum isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC) position during elbow flexion and extension were measured,the integrated electromyographic values (iEMG) were recorded and the synergistic contraction rate (CR) was calculated. Results There was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) between the four groups in the general information and pre-treatment assessments of MAS,FMA-UE,FTHUE-HK,MBI,iEMG,and CR. After 4 weeks,significant improvements were observed in all indicators compared to the pre-treatment assessments (P<0.05),with the exception of the triceps brachii CR,biceps brachii CR,and elbow extension MIVC biceps brachii iEMG in the control group.Among the group comparisons,all indicators showed statistically significant differences in mean or distribution (P<0.05),except for MAS and triceps brachii CR. The RAT group,NM group,and combination group all demonstrated significant improvements compared to the control group (P<0.05). Nota-bly,the combination group exhibited a greater degree of improvement than the RAT and NM groups. Conclusion RATcombined with NM can reduce upper limb muscle tone in stroke patients. This approacheffectively promotes the establishment of normal movement patterns,improve upper limb motor function,and enhance activities of daily living. This combination is effective and worthy of further clinical promotion and application.

Objective:To develop a treatment-related quality of life scale for Chinese patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and to test its reliability and validity.Methods:The initial scale was constructed through a literature search, Delphi expert correspondence, and cognitive testing. This study conducted a preliminary survey of 379 patients with MM and a formal survey of 865 patients from the hematology departments of 155 hospitals nationwide from February 2024 to March 2024. The final scale was obtained after conducting item analysis and reliability and validity tests on the initial scale.Results:The constructed scale contains 36 items covering six domains: physiological, psychological, social, treatment side effects, general health, and others. In the preliminary survey, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of each item ranged from 0.597 to 0.939, and the test-retest reliability was 0.747 ( P<0.001). Exploratory factor analysis extracted eight common factors with a cumulative variance contribution of 60.058%. In the formal survey, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of each item ranged from 0.484 to 0.930, and the test-retest reliability was 0.835 ( P<0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a comparative fit index of 0.750, a root-mean-square error of approximation of 0.090, and a root-mean-square residual of 0.067. Conclusion:The treatment-related quality of life scale for Chinese patients with MM designed in this study exhibited good reliability and validity, reflecting the impact of treatment on the quality of life of patients. This scale can provide a reference to clinicians for assessing the disease status of patients.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of the combined detection of serum allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15), and doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) in breast cancer. Methods A total of 114 female breast cancer patients (breast cancer group) and 114 female volunteers (control group) who underwent physical examination were selected. Enzyme-Linked immunosorbent assay was applied to detect serum levels of AIF-1, GDF15, and DCLK1. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors affecting breast cancer. ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of serum AIF-1, GDF15, DCLK1 levels in breast cancer. Results The serum levels of AIF-1, GDF15, and DCLK1 in the breast cancer group were obviously higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The expression levels of serum AIF-1, GDF15, and DCLK1 were significantly elevated in breast cancer patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, moderate and poor differentiation, lymph-node metastasis, and Ki-67 positive (P<0.05). Serum AIF-1, GDF15, and DCLK1 were risk factors for breast cancer, and the areas under the curve (AUC) for single and combined diagnosis of breast cancer for all three were 0.834, 0.753, 0.861, and 0.930, respectively. Additionally, the combined diagnosis AUC values were significantly higher than those assessed alone (Z_{combination-AIF-1}=3.479, Z_{combination-GDF15}=5.147, and Z_{combination-DCLK1}=3.121; all P<0.05). Conclusion In breast cancer patients, the serum AIF-1, GDF15, and DCLK1 levels increase. They are risk factors for breast cancer, and the combined diagnosis of the three is more effective.

Objective This study aimed to identify PAX9 variants in non-syndromic tooth agenesis families of Chi-na,as well as to analyze the genotype-phenotype of non-syndromic tooth agenesis caused by PAX9 variants,which can provide a basis for the genetic diagnosis of tooth agenesis.Methods We collected the data of 44 patients with non-syn-dromic oligodontia who underwent treatment at Stomatological Hospital of Hebei Medical University between 2018 and 2023.Whole-exome sequencing was performed on the peripheral blood of the proband and its core family members,and the variants were verified by Sanger sequencing.Pathogenicity analysis and function prediction of the variants were per-formed using bioinformatics tools.The correlation between the genotype of PAX9 variant and its corresponding pheno-type was examined by reviewing 55 publications retrieved from PubMed.The studies involved 232 tooth agenesis pa-tients with PAX9 variants.Results A novel PAX9 c.447delG(p.Pro150Argfs*62)and a reported PAX9 c.406C>T(p.Gln136*)were identified in two Chinese families.Through bioinformatics analysis and three-dimensional structural mod-eling,we postulated that the frameshift variant was pathogenic.The outcome was the premature cessation of PAX9 pro-tein,which caused severe structural and functional deficiencies.Summarizing the PAX9 genotype-phenotype relationship revealed that patients carrying the PAX9 variant commonly led to loss of the second molars.Conclusion We identified the novel PAX9 c.447delG(p.Pro150Argfs*62)in a Chinese family of non-syndromic oligodontia,expanding the known variant spectrum of PAX9.The most susceptible tooth position for PAX9 variants of tooth agenesis was the second mo-lars and the deciduous molars during the deciduous dentition.

To summarize the nursing experience of a patient with large skin ulcers caused by EBV positive T/NK-cell lymphoproliferative diseases based on TIME Clinical-Decision-Support-Tool. The main points of nursing care were as follows: early identification of the cause of ulceration and active treatment of the underlying disease; accurate and continuous assessment of patients and their wounds; multidisciplinary consultation to ensure the integrity and comprehensiveness of diagnosis and treatment; active identification of obstacle factors and risk control; providing different dressing change programs according to different wound healing stages; evaluation of treatment effects at any time; timely pain management; improving the nutritional status of patients; providing health education and psychological nursing care. After 367 days of wound dressing, the patient′s wound was fully healed, and EBV-DNA was not detected in genetic examination after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.