ObjectiveTo comprehensively identify the O-methyltransferase （OMT） genes in Carthamus tinctorius and explore the key OMTs that can catalyze the methylation of flavonoids， providing a basis for understanding the molecular formation mechanism of the structural diversity of flavonoids in C. tinctorius. MethodsThe hidden Markov model was used to systematically identify the type Ⅰ OMTs from the high-quality genome data of C. tinctorius. A suite of bioinformatics tools was employed to systematically analyze the physicochemical properties， gene structure， conserved motifs， chromosomal localization， gene replication events， and collinearity of the identified genes. The target gene was heterologously expressed through the prokaryotic expression system of E. coli， and the protein function was verified by in vitro enzymatic reactions. ResultsA total of 31 type Ⅰ OMTs were identified. CtFOMT1 was successfully cloned and expressed in a soluble form in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein was purified via Ni²⁺ affinity chromatography to obtain a high-concentration preparation. In vitro enzymatic assays demonstrated that CtFOMT1 utilized S-adenosylmethionine as the methyl donor to catalyze the methylation of the 4′-OH of naringenin， resulting in the production of isosakuranetin. A similar process occurred with the 4′-OH of luteolin， leading to the formation of diosmetin. Subsequent methylation of the 3′-OH group of diosmetin generated 4′-methylchrysoeriol. ConclusionCtFOMT1 can catalyze the methylation of 4′-/3′-OH in the flavonoid skeleton. It is hypothesized that CtFOMT1 may play a role in the biosynthesis of various 4′-/3′-oxymethyl flavonoids in C. tinctorius.

Objective:To discuss the relationship between the systolic blood pressure (SBP) circadian rhythm and blood pressure variability (BPV) and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) among 178 patients with hypertension.Methods:This article was a retrospective study. Totally 178 patients with hypertension from January 2020 to January 2022 were selected based on incorporated basis. 24-hour dynamic blood pressure monitoring and echocardiography examination were performed. Data such as patients' SBP circadian rhythm, BPV, heart ultrasound heart dynamic maps were collected, and the relationship between SBP circadian rhythm and BPV and their LVEF was explored.Results:Among the 178 patients, the decreased proportion of SBP circadian rhythm>the proportion of existed SBP circadian rhythm>the proportion of inverted SBP circadian rhythm>the proportion of disappearance of SBP circadian rhythm; patients with disappearance of SBP circadian rhythm were the youngest (63.8 ± 14.5) years old, and patients with inverted SBP circadian rhythm were the oldest (71.5 ± 9.4) years old ( P<0.05); the 24-hour systolic blood pressure standard deviation of SBP circadian rhythm was observed in patients with (13.1 ± 2.8) mmHg

Objective To observe the effect of Kaixin Powder on neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice by regulating WDFY1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway;To explore its mechanism of intervening in Alzheimer disease(AD).Methods APP/PS1 transgenic mice were randomly divided into model group,donepezil hydrochloride group(0.66 mg/kg),and Kaixin Powder low-,medium-and high-dosage groups(1.625,3.25,6.5 g/kg),C57BL/6J mice were set as blank control group,with 8 mice in each group,and corresponding drug intervention was given to medicaction group for 24 weeks.Morris water maze,Y maze and novel object recognition experiments were conducted to assess the cognitive function and learning and memory abilities of mice,immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the deposition of β-amyloid protein(Aβ)in hippocampus,the morphology and Nissl bodies of hippocampal CA1 neurons were observed using HE staining and Nissl staining,ELISA was used to detect the serum contents of interleukin(IL)-6,IL-17,IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of calcium-binding adapter molecule 1(Iba1),glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),WDFY1,Toll like receptor 4(TLR4),Toll like receptor associated molecule(TRAM),TIR domain adapter protein(TRIF),NF-κB p65 and p-NF-κB p65 in hippocampal tissue,RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of WDFY1,TLR4,TRAM,TRIF and NF-κB p65 in hippocampal tissue.Results Compared with the blank control group,the model group had significantly prolonged escape latency,reduced platform crossings,decreased autonomous reaction alternation rate and relative recognition index(P<0.05,P<0.01),with increased deposition of Aβ in hippocampal tissue(P<0.01),damaged morphological structure of neurons,reduced number of neurons and Nissl bodies,the serum contents of IL-6,IL-17,IL-1β and TNF-α significantly increased,the expression of Iba1,GFAP,WDFY1,TLR4,TRAM,TRIF,p-NF-κB p65 protein and WDFY1,TLR4,TRAM,TRIF mRNA in hippocampal tissue significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,Kaixin Powder groups and donepezil hydrochloride group had significantly shortened escape latency and increased platform crossings,autonomous reaction alternation rate and relative recognition index(P<0.05,P<0.01),hippocampal Aβ deposition reduced in Kaixin Powder medium-,high-dosage groups and donepezil hydrochloride group,the morphological structure of neurons recovered,the number of neurons and Nissl bodies increased,the serum contents of IL-6,IL-17,IL-1β and TNF-α significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the protein expression of Iba1,GFAP,WDFY1,TLR4,TRAM,TRIF,p-NF-κB p65 and the mRNA expressions of WDFY1,TLR4,TRAM and TRIF in hippocampal tissue significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Kaixin Powder can improve cognitive function and learning and memory abilities in AD model mice,alleviate hippocampal neuron damage and Aβ deposition,inhibit the activation of microglia and astrocytes,and thereby reduce serum inflammatory cytokine release.Its mechanism may be related to regulating the WDFY1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway to inhibit neuroinflammation.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors for atrial high-rate episodes (AHRE) following cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and construct a predictive model for the occurrence of AHRE.Methods:This was a case-control study. Patients who received CRT treatment for heart failure in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Military Medical University from January 2017 to December 2020 were selected and divided into AHRE group and non-AHRE group according to whether AHRE occurred during the follow-up period. Baseline clinical data were collected. Patients were followed up regularly after CRT or cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT-D) implantation until August 31, 2022. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing the occurrence of AHRE in patients with heart failure treated with CRT, and a nomogram prediction model was established. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the nomogram model, and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to evaluate the consistency of the prediction model.Results:A total of 198 patients, aged (62±8) years, 138 (69.7%) males, were enrolled, of whom 52 (26.3%) patients developed AHRE (AHRE group) and 146 (73.7%) had no AHRE (non-AHRE group) during the follow-up period. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, coronary heart disease, C-reactive protein, left atrial volume, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were independent influencing factors of heart failure patients developing AHRE after CRT surgery (all P<0.05). A nomogram prediction model was constructed by combining 5 indicators: age, coronary heart disease, C-reactive protein, left atrial volume, and LVEF. In this model, a score of 4 was assigned for age ≥65 years, 4 for coronary heart disease, 4 for C-reactive protein ≥10 ng/ml, 20 for left atrial volume ≥35 ml, and 5 for LVEF ≤30%. The total score was obtained by accumulating the scores of each indicator, and the probability of heart failure patients developing AHRE after CRT surgery was predicted based on the total score. The area under the curve of the nomogram prediction model constructed in this study for predicting AHRE in heart failure patients after CRT surgery was 0.830 (95% CI: 0.795-0.866). The incidence of AHRE predicted by the model was basically consistent with the actual incidence of AHRE. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test indicated a good calibration of the model ( χ2=6.32, P=0.612). Conclusions:Age, coronary heart disease, C-reactive protein, left atrial volume, and LVEF are all independent risk factors for AHRE after CRT treatment. The nomogram prediction model based on the above factors can effectively predict the risk of AHRE in patients with heart failure after CRT, and the ROC curve and consistency test both show good prediction efficiency and consistency.

This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.

Objective To establish an expert consensus on in-hospital transfer safety management for patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation,providing guidance for clinical medical teams to conduct standardized transfers,reduce transfer risks,and ensure patient safety.Methods Through systematic searching,screening,evaluation,and summary of evidence related to in-hospital transfer safety management for patients on invasive mechanical ventilation,we extracted recommendations to form a preliminary draft of the expert consensus.From July to October 2024,totally 2 rounds of expert consultations,and 2 rounds of expert reviews were conducted,and the content was refined and finalized based on expert feedback.Results The final consensus encompasses 9 aspects,including transfer assessment and decision-making,pre-transfer preparation of medical staff,pre-transfer patient preparation,pre-transfer equipment preparation,pre-transfer medication preparation,monitoring and intervention during transfer,emergency events and management,transfer handover and documentation,and post-transfer management.Conclusion This consensus demonstrates strong practicality and operability,offering professional guidance for enhancing the safety of in-hospital transfers for patients on invasive mechanical ventilation.

Objective:To evaluate the performance of the neural network model in segmenting gout tophus in the first metatarsophalangeal（MTP1）joint ultrasound images.Methods:A total of 1 218 tophus images from 381 patients who underwent MTP1 ultrasound examinations in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between May 2023 and December 2024 were prospectively collected. The images were divided into training，validation，and test sets in a ratio of 7∶2∶1. Multiple neural network models were trained to automatically identify and segment tophus in the images，with physician-annotated tophus regions serving as the reference standard. Model performance was evaluated in the test set，and the impact of tophus characteristics（e.g.，echogenicity，size，and presence of bone erosion）on segmentation efficacy was analyzed.Results:In the test set，CMUNeXt demonstrated superior tophus segmentation performance versus Unet，Unet++，TransUnet，and CMU-Net，achieving an accuracy of 99.1%，precision of 79.1%，recall of 84.6%，intersection over union of 68.8%，and Dice similarity coefficient of 80.2%. Logistic regression identified tophus echogenicity，size，and bone erosion as independent efficacy factors OR（95% CI）=7.275（1.598-33.129），21.303（4.282-105.985），13.520（3.617-50.530），0.076（0.007-0.823）（all P<0.05）. Hypoechoic tophus demonstrated significantly superior segmentation performance compared to mixed-echoic and isoechoic tophus（all P<0.05），and lesions with larger maximum diameters（>10 mm）were segmented more effectively than smaller tophus（ P<0.05）. Conclusions:The CMUNeXt model enables accurate identification and segmentation of tophus in MTP1 ultrasound images，particularly excelling for larger and hypoechoic lesions. This approach holds significant promise for AI-assisted diagnosis of MTP1 gouty arthritis.

Objective·To evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic performance of diffusion-relaxation correlation spectroscopic imaging(DR-CSI)in assessing the heterogeneity of benign and malignant head and neck tumors,as well as in identifying occult lymph node metastasis(OLNM).Methods·A prospective study was conducted from January to December 2024 at Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,enrolling patients with suspected head and neck tumors who were scheduled for surgery and had a confirmed pathological diagnosis.All patients underwent preoperative routine head and neck plain and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)examinations,including DR-CSI sequence.Conventional imaging parameters,including maximal diameter(MD),depth of invasion(DOI)for tumors,and MD and short diameter(SD)for lymph nodes,were obtained.Post-processing was performed to obtain apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC),T2 value,and D-T2 spectra for all lesions.The compartment segmentation strategy was optimized based on the spectral peak distribution characteristics of different diseases,and the volume fraction(Vi)of each compartment was obtained.Independent sample t-tests,Mann-Whitney U tests,chi-square tests,or Fisher's exact tests were used to compare intergroup differences in clinical data and imaging metrics.Principal component analysis(PCA)and Adonis analysis were employed to evaluate the discriminative ability of imaging metrics among different subtypes of benign tumors.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis was used to evaluate the ability of univariate and multivariable models to characterize the malignancy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)and identify OLNM.Results·A total of 97 cases were collected,including 28 benign tumors and 69 HNSCCs.Fifteen pathologically confirmed OLNMs and 20 benign lymph nodes(BLNs)were also enrolled.Among the 28 benign tumors,there were 6 cases of pleomorphic adenoma stroma-rich(PA stroma-rich),9 cases of pleomorphic adenoma stroma-poor(PA stroma-poor),9 cases of Warthin's tumor(WT),and 4 cases of basal cell adenoma(BCA).Statistically significant differences were observed in certain imaging parameters(ADC,T2,and DR-CSI Vi)among benign tumor subtypes.PCA analysis demonstrated a strong discriminative ability of imaging parameters in distinguishing pathological subtypes of benign tumors(R2=0.64,P<0.001).Among the 69 HNSCCs,47 were classified as Grade 1(well/moderately well-differentiated)and 22 as Grade 2(moderately/poorly differentiated).Compared to Grade 1,Grade 2 showed lower ADC and higher T2 values,though differences were not statistically significant.As HNSCC malignancy increased,VA4 decreased and VB4 increased significantly.OLNM showed a significant increase in SD and VA4 compared to BLNs.The combination of SD and VA4 for preoperative OLNM identification achieved a diagnostic efficiency of 0.843.Conclusion·DR-CSI can analyze diffusion and relaxation characteristics at the sub-voxel level,offering valuable insights for characterizing benign head and neck tumor subtypes,assessing HNSCC malignancy,and identifying OLNMs.Compared to traditional parameters like ADC or T2,DR-CSI provides enhanced tissue microstructure analysis.

OBJECTIVE:Prolonged sedentary behavior can acutely reduce peripheral and central vascular function,thereby increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease.Interrupting sedentary behavior may be a potential practical strategy to prevent vascular dysfunction caused by prolonged sitting.However,current research findings on its acute effects are inconsistent,and specific application recommendations have not yet been established.This study aims to perform a Meta-analysis on the acute effects of interrupting sedentary behavior on peripheral and central vascular function in adults and to explore its regulatory factors.METHODS:Following PRISMA reporting guidelines,literature search was conducted in March 2024 using the keywords of"interrupting,""sedentary,"and"vascular function"in the Web of Science Core Collection,PubMed,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)databases.Acute randomized crossover trials addressing the acute effects of interrupting sedentary behavior on peripheral and central vascular function in adults were included.Risk of Bias 2 developed by Cochrane was used to assess bias risk,and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)system was used to evaluate the evidence level.The"meta"and"metaphor"packages in R(version 4.2.0)were used for main effect aggregation(Hedge's g acted as the effect size indicator),publication bias testing,subgroup analysis,and regression analysis.RESULTS:Twenty-two randomized crossover trials involving 364 subjects(aged 21 to 70 years)were included.Meta-analysis results showed that compared with prolonged sitting,interrupting sedentary behavior acutely improved peripheral vascular blood flow volume(Hedge's g=0.48,95%confidence interval:0.14-0.82,P<0.01,I2=63%,low evidence level),shear stress(Hedge's g=0.65,95%confidence interval:0.37-0.93],P<0.01,I2=54%,moderate evidence level),and flow-mediated dilation(Hedge's g=0.43,95%confidence interval:0.15-0.72,P<0.01,I2=61%,moderate evidence level).Disease had a significant moderating effect on the main effect aggregation for blood flow volume(P=0.01 between subgroups),while the mode(P=0.01 between subgroups)and frequency(P=0.02 between subgroups)of interruptions had significant moderating effects on shear stress.Improvements in peripheral vascular shear stress from interrupting sedentary behavior were affected by age(β=-0.02,95%confidence interval:-0.03-0.01,P=0.09)and body mass index(β=-0.10,95%confidence interval:-0.18 to-0.02,P<0.01).Improvements in flow-mediated dilation were influenced by the total number of interruptions(β=-0.09,95%confidence interval:-0.17 to-0.01,P=0.03)and the duration of sitting during the control period(β=-0.21,95%confidence interval:-0.34 to-0.09,P<0.01).Each additional hour of sitting was associated with a 0.67%reduction in the acute improvement effect of flow-mediated dilation from interrupting sedentary behavior(P<0.01),and acute benefits disappeared when sitting control time exceeded 6 hours.A qualitative systematic review found that interrupting sedentary behavior did not significantly affect pulse wave velocity in various populations but could effectively prevent central vascular function decline in older adults due to prolonged sitting.CONCLUSION:Interrupting sedentary behavior acutely improves peripheral vascular blood flow volume(low evidence level),shear stress(moderate evidence level),and flow-mediated dilation(moderate evidence level)in adults and may prevent or protect against central vascular function decline in older adults due to prolonged sitting(very low evidence level).Characteristics of subjects(disease factors,sex,age,and body mass index),interruption intervention schemes(mode,frequency,total number of interruptions),and duration of sitting control all influence the acute improvement effects of interrupting sedentary behavior on vascular function.It is recommended that adults interrupt sedentary behavior with exercises involving large muscle groups,such as stair climbing,at high frequencies(e.g.,once every 40 minutes)with at least 5 minutes of moderate-to low-intensity activity each time,and limit the cumulative duration of prolonged sitting to no more than 6 hours per day.

Objective To explore the effect of the blood flow restriction(BFR)at 40%arterial oc-clusive pressure(AOP)on ergometer cycling maximal lactate steady state(MLSS).Methods A total of 11 male college students majoring in sports science(age 23±2 yrs,height 176±5 cm,weight 74.6±5.5 kg,body fat 14.5%±4.7%)were selected.The test in this study was divided into 4 parts:① an incremental ramp test to determine the maximal aerobic power(Pmax);② the MLSS test to determine the blood lactate concentration of MLSS(MLSSc),the work load of MLSS(MLSSw),and the percentage of MLSSw relative to Pmax(%MLSSw);③ the 30 min constant load BFR test(MLSS-BFR)of MLSSw based on the test ② to determine the heart rate,blood lactate and subjec-tive fatigue of MLSSw at the BFR;④ MLSS test at BFR(BFR-MLSS)to determine MLSSc and MLSSw.The BFR was performed using an adjustable pressure compression cuff applied externally to the nearest point to the thigh,at a pressure of 40%AOP.Heart rate was monitored throughout the test.When measuring the constant load in test ②③④,restrictive pressure was released for 30 s ev-ery 5 min.During the release,a blood sample was collected from the earlobe for analysis of blood lac-tate.After the constant load test,the perceived exertion was collected immediately.Results MLSSw(152.5±28.8 vs 161.3±28.1 W,P<0.05,ES=0.84)and%MLSSw(53.4%±5.7%vs 56.7%±5.5%,P<0.05,ES=0.82)of BFR-MLSS test were significantly lower than those of MLSS test.However,no significant differences were found between the BFR-MLSS and MLSS test in MLSSc(5.61±1.18 vs 5.61±0.81 mmol/L,P>0.05,ES=0.01),heart rate(152.6±14.8 vs 150.7±10.7 bpm,P>0.05,ES=0.17)and RPE(14.8±3.3 vs 14.9±2.9,P>0.05,ES=0.06).Conclusion BFR exercise achieves MLSS at a lower external load(power output),and does not reduce the internal load of MLSS.Moreover,BFR increases the internal load for the same external load,but the division of the internal load interval seems to be the same during exercise with or without BFR.