OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of late-diagnosed human immuno-deficiency virus(HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)cases newly identified in Leshan City from 2015 to 2022.METHODS Data on newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases in Leshan City from 2015 to 2022 were ex-tracted from the Comprehensive AIDS Prevention and Control Information System.Basic information of newly i-dentified and late-diagnosed individuals was recorded.Cases were screened from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,and data were collated and analyzed to summarize the clinical characteristics of late-diagnosed ca-ses.RESULTS From 2015 to 2022,a total of 1 532 HIV/AIDS cases were newly diagnosed in Leshan City.Males accounted for 77.22％,high er than females.The highest proportion was in the 20-29 age group(31.79％),with married individuals constituting 50.20％.Farmers/workers/migrant workers accounted for the highest pro-portion among newly diagnosed cases(51.89％).Most cases were of Han ethnic group(94.97％),with local reg-istered residence(84.92％).Among them,796(51.96％)had a junior high school education or below.Key popu-lations accounted for 55.03％of sample sources,and heterosexual transmission was the most common route(75.66％).During this period,475 cases(31.00％)were late-diagnosed with HIV/AIDS,showing a declining trend over the years(x2trend=10.611,P=0.001).Statistically significant differences(P＜0.05)were observed in late-diagnosed cases across different diagnosis periods,genders,ages,marital statuses,occupations,ethnicities,registered residences,education levels,monthly incomes,sample sources,transmission routes and histories of sexually transmitted diseases.CONCLUSIONS From 2015 to 2022,the late diagnosis rate of HIV/AIDS cases in Les-han City shows a declining trend.Late-diagnosed cases are significantly associated with demographic characteristics,high-lighting the need to strengthen active screening and health education for key populations(especially middle-aged and elder-ly individuals,those with low education levels and heterosexual transmission groups).Improving early HIV testing mech-anisms in medical institutions is essential to reduce the late diagnosis rate of HIV/AIDS.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of late-diagnosed human immuno-deficiency virus(HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)cases newly identified in Leshan City from 2015 to 2022.METHODS Data on newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases in Leshan City from 2015 to 2022 were ex-tracted from the Comprehensive AIDS Prevention and Control Information System.Basic information of newly i-dentified and late-diagnosed individuals was recorded.Cases were screened from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,and data were collated and analyzed to summarize the clinical characteristics of late-diagnosed ca-ses.RESULTS From 2015 to 2022,a total of 1 532 HIV/AIDS cases were newly diagnosed in Leshan City.Males accounted for 77.22％,high er than females.The highest proportion was in the 20-29 age group(31.79％),with married individuals constituting 50.20％.Farmers/workers/migrant workers accounted for the highest pro-portion among newly diagnosed cases(51.89％).Most cases were of Han ethnic group(94.97％),with local reg-istered residence(84.92％).Among them,796(51.96％)had a junior high school education or below.Key popu-lations accounted for 55.03％of sample sources,and heterosexual transmission was the most common route(75.66％).During this period,475 cases(31.00％)were late-diagnosed with HIV/AIDS,showing a declining trend over the years(x2trend=10.611,P=0.001).Statistically significant differences(P＜0.05)were observed in late-diagnosed cases across different diagnosis periods,genders,ages,marital statuses,occupations,ethnicities,registered residences,education levels,monthly incomes,sample sources,transmission routes and histories of sexually transmitted diseases.CONCLUSIONS From 2015 to 2022,the late diagnosis rate of HIV/AIDS cases in Les-han City shows a declining trend.Late-diagnosed cases are significantly associated with demographic characteristics,high-lighting the need to strengthen active screening and health education for key populations(especially middle-aged and elder-ly individuals,those with low education levels and heterosexual transmission groups).Improving early HIV testing mech-anisms in medical institutions is essential to reduce the late diagnosis rate of HIV/AIDS.

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of fluoroquinolones on the level of transcription of norA gene in Staphylococcus aureus(SAU).METHODS The accumulation of fluoroquinolones in SAUz and its induced resistant strain(SAUz-16) and the effect of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone(CCCP) on accumulation were studied by fluorescence measured method.The level of transcription of norA gene was studied by slot blot hybridization.RESULTS The steady-state accumulation of SAUz-16 was lower than that of its parent(SAUz).The accumulation of hydrophilic fluoroquinolones in SAUz-16 increased obviously when CCCP was added,but it is lower than that of SAUz.The level of transcription of norA gene in SAUz-16 was higher than that of SAUz.CONCLUSIONS Fluoroquinolones can increase the level of transcription of norA gene.The increase in efflux of hydrophilic fluoroquinolones resulted from the increase in transcription of norA gene is one of causes of decrease in the accumulation of drugs in S.aureus.