BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate programmed death-ligand 1 tumor proportion score in predicting the safety and efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 antibody-based therapy in treating patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a real-world setting. METHODS: This retrospective, multicenter, observational study enrolled adult patients who received PD-1/PD-L1 antibody-based therapy in China and met the following criteria: (1) had pathologically confirmed, unresectable stage III-IV NSCLC; (2) had a baseline PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS); and (3) had confirmed efficacy evaluation results after PD-1/PD-L1 treatment. Logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and Cox regression were used to assess the progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) as appropriate. RESULTS: A total of 409 patients, 65.0% ( n = 266) with a positive PD-L1 TPS (≥1%) and 32.8% ( n = 134) with PD-L1 TPS ≥50%, were included in this study. Cox regression confirmed that patients with a PD-L1 TPS ≥1% had significantly improved PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.747, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.573-0.975, P = 0.032). A total of 160 (39.1%) patients experienced 206 irAEs, and 27 (6.6%) patients experienced 31 grade 3-5 irAEs. The organs most frequently associated with irAEs were the skin (52/409, 12.7%), thyroid (40/409, 9.8%), and lung (34/409, 8.3%). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that a PD-L1 TPS ≥1% (odds ratio [OR] 1.713, 95% CI 1.054-2.784, P = 0.030) was an independent risk factor for irAEs. Other risk factors for irAEs included pretreatment absolute lymphocyte count >2.5 × 10 9 /L (OR 3.772, 95% CI 1.377-10.329, P = 0.010) and pretreatment absolute eosinophil count >0.2 × 10 9 /L (OR 2.006, 95% CI 1.219-3.302, P = 0.006). Moreover, patients who developed irAEs demonstrated improved PFS (13.7 months vs. 8.4 months, P <0.001) and OS (28.0 months vs. 18.0 months, P = 0.007) compared with patients without irAEs. CONCLUSIONS A positive PD-L1 TPS (≥1%) was associated with improved PFS and an increased risk of irAEs in a real-world setting. The onset of irAEs was associated with improved PFS and OS in patients with advanced NSCLC receiving PD-1/PD-L1-based therapy.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism* ; Male ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Lung Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Aged ; B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism* ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism* ; Adult ; Aged, 80 and over ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use*

This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.

This paper focuses on the application of health big data in cancer screening. Firstly, the sources and characteristics of health big data are introduced, then the commonly used epidemiological designs and analytical techniques in hospital-based cancer screening studies are summarized and the application scenarios of such studies are described. Finally, the challenges and future development in the application of health big data are analyzed to provide reference for the future studies.

OBJECTIVE To optimize the optimum processing technology of vinegar-processed Artemisiae Argyi Folium(AAF),and analyze the difference of index components and analgesic activity before and after processing.METHODS The method for the determination of total flavonoids and total terpenes in AAF was established with eupatilin and Santamarine as control substances,re-spectively.The HPLC-VWD method was established for the simultaneous determination of 6-Methoxytricin,Santamarine,eupatilin and Artemisolide in AAF.Box-Behnken design-response surface method was used to optimize the processing technology of vinegar-processed AAF,with the content of total flavonoids,total terpenes and four active ingredients as the index,and the amount of rice vin-egar,moistening time,processing temperature and processing time as the factors.The quantitative analysis was combined with hierar-chical cluster analysis(HCA),principal component analysis(PCA)and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)to evaluate the difference of index components before and after processing.The analgesic activity before and after processing was investigated using pain mice induced by formalin.RESULTS The optimum processing parameters of vinegar-processed AAF were 16%rice vinegar dosage,moistening time 50 min,processing temperature 160℃and processing time 12 min.There were significant differences in the content of index components before and after processing.The analgesic activity of vinegar-processed AAF was signifi-cantly better than that of AAF.CONCLUSION The optimized processing technology is stable and feasible,which can provide scien-tific basis for standardizing production of vinegar-processed AAF.

This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.

This paper focuses on the application of health big data in cancer screening. Firstly, the sources and characteristics of health big data are introduced, then the commonly used epidemiological designs and analytical techniques in hospital-based cancer screening studies are summarized and the application scenarios of such studies are described. Finally, the challenges and future development in the application of health big data are analyzed to provide reference for the future studies.

OBJECTIVE To optimize the optimum processing technology of vinegar-processed Artemisiae Argyi Folium(AAF),and analyze the difference of index components and analgesic activity before and after processing.METHODS The method for the determination of total flavonoids and total terpenes in AAF was established with eupatilin and Santamarine as control substances,re-spectively.The HPLC-VWD method was established for the simultaneous determination of 6-Methoxytricin,Santamarine,eupatilin and Artemisolide in AAF.Box-Behnken design-response surface method was used to optimize the processing technology of vinegar-processed AAF,with the content of total flavonoids,total terpenes and four active ingredients as the index,and the amount of rice vin-egar,moistening time,processing temperature and processing time as the factors.The quantitative analysis was combined with hierar-chical cluster analysis(HCA),principal component analysis(PCA)and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)to evaluate the difference of index components before and after processing.The analgesic activity before and after processing was investigated using pain mice induced by formalin.RESULTS The optimum processing parameters of vinegar-processed AAF were 16%rice vinegar dosage,moistening time 50 min,processing temperature 160℃and processing time 12 min.There were significant differences in the content of index components before and after processing.The analgesic activity of vinegar-processed AAF was signifi-cantly better than that of AAF.CONCLUSION The optimized processing technology is stable and feasible,which can provide scien-tific basis for standardizing production of vinegar-processed AAF.

Objective:To investigate the mortality-related factors affecting patients with gastrointestinal perforation who are transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) and to establish a prediction model, and to evaluate the predictive performance of the model.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical records of 306 patients who underwent gastrointestinal perforation surgery in Shanxi Bethune Hospital (Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences) from January 2021 to January 2024 and were transferred to intensive care unit after surgery, including 176 males and 130 females, aged from 28 to 92 years with the average of (66.07±16.03) years. According to the prognosis, patients were divided into survival group ( n=264) and death group ( n=42). Clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared, univariate and multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of perioperative death, and the related risk factors were selected to establish a nomogram prediction model, the subject work curve was drawn, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Evaluate its predictive effectiveness; The calibration chart and clinical decision curve were further used to evaluate the prediction accuracy and clinical application value of the model. Results:Clinical data analysis showed that age, white blood cell count, procalcitonin, lactic acid level, preoperative shock, preoperative underlying diseases (cerebral infarction, hormone history), intraoperative blood loss, postoperative lung infection in the death group were higher than those in the survival group ( P<0.05), and hemoglobin was lower than those in the survival group ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed age ( OR=1.422, 95% CI: 1.205-1.680, P<0.001), hemoglobin ( OR=0.945, 95% CI: 0.904-0.987, P=0.012), white blood cell count ( OR=1.832, 95% CI: 1.341-2.501, P<0.001), procalcitonin ( OR=1.099, 95% CI: 1.012-1.192, P=0.024), lactic acid level ( OR=16.435, 95% CI: 3.729-72.425, P<0.001), reoperative shock ( OR=172.358, 95% CI: 13.059-2274.773, P<0.001), intraoperative blood loss ( OR=1.041, 95% CI: 1.017-1.065, P=0.001) and postoperative pulmonary infection ( OR=38.670, 95% CI: 3.449-433.553, P=0.003) was an independent risk factor for perioperative death in intensive care patients after DTP. Based on the screened independent risk factors ( P<0.05), a nomogram model was established and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn. The model area under the curve was 0.985. The accurate graph shows that the predicted results of the model are in good agreement with the actual clinical results, and the analysis of clinical decision curve indicates that the model has high clinical prediction value. Conclusion:Age>71.5 years, hemoglobin< 109 g/L, white blood cell count>17.9×10 9/L, procalcitonin>6.225 ng/mL, lactate level>2.25 mmol/L, preoperative shock, intraoperative blood loss>45 mL and postoperative pulmonary infection are independent risk factors for perioperative death in intensive care patients after DTP.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening large-vessel disease closely associated with immune and inflammation-related mechanisms. During the development of AAA,innate immune cells play a pivotal role in the immune-mediated inflammatory infiltration and destruction of the aortic wall. These cells include neutrophils,monocytes,macrophages,dendritic cells,mast cells,natural killer cells,innate lymphoid cells,and invariant natural killer T cells. Although various immune cells have been progressively identified in the study of AAA,their activation mechanisms and functions remain to be further elucidated. This article summarizes the roles of innate immune cells in the progression of AAA and discusses the regulatory mechanisms of their activation in this disease,providing a theoretical basis for research on AAA progression.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening large-vessel disease closely associated with immune and inflammation-related mechanisms. During the development of AAA,innate immune cells play a pivotal role in the immune-mediated inflammatory infiltration and destruction of the aortic wall. These cells include neutrophils,monocytes,macrophages,dendritic cells,mast cells,natural killer cells,innate lymphoid cells,and invariant natural killer T cells. Although various immune cells have been progressively identified in the study of AAA,their activation mechanisms and functions remain to be further elucidated. This article summarizes the roles of innate immune cells in the progression of AAA and discusses the regulatory mechanisms of their activation in this disease,providing a theoretical basis for research on AAA progression.