This paper focuses on the application of health big data in cancer screening. Firstly, the sources and characteristics of health big data are introduced, then the commonly used epidemiological designs and analytical techniques in hospital-based cancer screening studies are summarized and the application scenarios of such studies are described. Finally, the challenges and future development in the application of health big data are analyzed to provide reference for the future studies.

This paper focuses on the application of health big data in cancer screening. Firstly, the sources and characteristics of health big data are introduced, then the commonly used epidemiological designs and analytical techniques in hospital-based cancer screening studies are summarized and the application scenarios of such studies are described. Finally, the challenges and future development in the application of health big data are analyzed to provide reference for the future studies.

Background::Non-smokers account for a large proportion of lung cancer patients, especially in Asia, but the attention paid to them is limited compared with smokers. In non-smokers, males display a risk for lung cancer incidence distinct from the females—even after excluding the influence of smoking; but the knowledge regarding the factors causing the difference is sparse. Based on a large multicenter prospective cancer screening cohort in China, we aimed to elucidate the interpretable sex differences caused by known factors and provide clues for primary and secondary prevention.Methods::Risk factors including demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, family history of cancer, and baseline comorbidity were obtained from 796,283 Chinese non-smoking participants by the baseline risk assessment completed in 2013 to 2018. Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the sex difference in the risk of lung cancer, and the hazard ratios (HRs) that were adjusted for different known factors were calculated and compared to determine the proportion of excess risk and to explain the existing risk factors.Results::With a median follow-up of 4.80 years, 3351 subjects who were diagnosed with lung cancer were selected in the analysis. The lung cancer risk of males was significantly higher than that of females; the HRs in all male non-smokers were 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20-1.38) after adjusting for the age and 1.38 (95% CI: 1.28-1.50) after adjusting for all factors, which suggested that known factors could not explain the sex difference in the risk of lung cancer in non-smokers. Known factors were 7% (|1.29-1.38|/1.29) more harmful in women than in men. For adenocarcinoma, women showed excess risk higher than men, contrary to squamous cell carcinoma; after adjusting for all factors, 47% ([1.30-1.16]/[1.30-1]) and 4% ([7.02-6.75]/[7.02-1])) of the excess risk was explainable in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The main causes of gender differences in lung cancer risk were lifestyle factors, baseline comorbidity, and family history.Conclusions::Significant gender differences in the risk of lung cancer were discovered in China non-smokers. Existing risk factors did not explain the excess lung cancer risk of all non-smoking men, and the internal causes for the excess risk still need to be explored; most known risk factors were more harmful to non-smoking women; further exploring the causes of the sex difference would help to improve the prevention and screening programs and protect the non-smoking males from lung cancers.

The study explored the methods of determining the diameter of clear optic of intraocular lenses by analyzing the design principles and influencing factors of clear optic. Measure and compare the clear optic diameters of intraocular lenses from -10.0 D to 36.0 D respectively. The measurement results of the two methods have good consistency and can be used in the measurement of clear optic. But considering the accuracy and convenience of actual measurement, profile projector measurement principle is more suitable for conventional mass production testing. The Schlieren technique method can provide more useful information in product development and feature description stage, and can be used as an auxiliary verification method for clear optic diameter measurement.
Eye ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Optics and Photonics ; Prosthesis Design

As a kind of class II medical device, medical optical radiation protective eyewears should meet the requirements of safety and effectiveness. In this study, the evaluation system of medical optical radiation protective eyewears is established. Combined with the medical device registration unit division guidelines, the classification method of medical optical radiation protective eyewears is given. Medical optical radiation protective eyewears are not only assembled spectacles, but also have special optical radiation protection performance. The performance evaluation method of medical optical radiation protective eyewears and the evaluation method of shelf life for medical optical radiation protective eyewears are given.
Radiation Protection

Objective:To explore the feasibility of simultaneous combined operation for congenital heart disease with other malformations and to summarize the experience of operation and the ways to avoid risks.Methods:From May 2015 to December 2019, the clinical data of 44 children undergoing simultaneous combined operation in our hospital were collected, and the data of 44 children who were matched with the children undergoing combined operation in the same period were collected as the research objects, which were divided into high-risk group(17 cases)and low-risk group(27 cases). To compare and analyze the early hemodynamic indexes and other hospitalization indexes of different groups of children undergoing simultaneous operation and staged operation, so as to evaluate whether the scheme of simultaneous combined operation is more optimized.Results:All the children in the same period successfully underwent combined operation, among which 4 cases had postoperative complications and 1 case died out of hospital, all of them were children in high-risk group, and the other children were cured and discharged. Compared with the staging group, there was no significant difference in general data and early postoperative hemodynamic indexes of children in the same period group, but the cost of operation and anesthesia was lower, and the average hospitalization time was shortened by about 5 days for each person, with statistical significance. Compared with the low-risk group, the children in the high-risk group were significantly lower in age and weight, complicated in deformity, longer in operation time, lower in early postoperative cardiac output, stable in hemodynamics after operation, but higher in inotropicscore score(IS). Postoperative endotracheal intubation time, ICU time and overall hospitalization time were prolonged, and the overall cost was more( P<0.05) The incidence of postoperative adverse events was higher. Conclusion:Simultaneous combined operation for children with congenital heart disease with other malformations is generally safe and feasible., Staging is safe for children in high-risk group, and if simultaneous combined surgery is unavoidable, the condition must be assessed individually and a detailed treatment plan must be developed to avoid surgical risks.

Objective:An isolated wireless electronic stethoscope was developed to solve the problem that doctors cannot auscultate in personal protective equipment（PPE）during the COVID-19 outbreak.Methods:The development adopted low-noise audio amplification，high-frequency sampling，high-precision analog-to-digital conversion，and stainless-steel unibody design to improve the audio quality. In order to solve the problem of difficulty in turning on the Bluetooth headsets after automatic power off when the doctors are wearing PPE，we customized the Bluetooth headsets without the setting of automatically power off.Results:The isolated wireless electronic stethoscope has been clinically applied in Huoshenshan hospital in Wuhan，GuangGu branch of Hubei Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital，Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and other hospitals，receiving good feedback from doctors at front line.Conclusion:The isolated wireless electronic stethoscope can meet the needs of auscultation when the doctors are wearing PPE.

Objective:An isolated wireless electronic stethoscope was developed to solve the problem that doctors cannot auscultate in personal protective equipment（PPE）during the COVID-19 outbreak.Methods:The development adopted low-noise audio amplification，high-frequency sampling，high-precision analog-to-digital conversion，and stainless-steel unibody design to improve the audio quality. In order to solve the problem of difficulty in turning on the Bluetooth headsets after automatic power off when the doctors are wearing PPE，we customized the Bluetooth headsets without the setting of automatically power off.Results:The isolated wireless electronic stethoscope has been clinically applied in Huoshenshan hospital in Wuhan，GuangGu branch of Hubei Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital，Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and other hospitals，receiving good feedback from doctors at front line.Conclusion:The isolated wireless electronic stethoscope can meet the needs of auscultation when the doctors are wearing PPE.

Objective:Standardized sample resources and high-quality clinical big data are important resources for medical research, only through resource sharing can maximize its utilization.Which can be utilized to the max only through resource sharing.Methods:This paper attempts to explore the sharing mechanism of the resource sharing platform and proposes some aspects such as the platform construction background, management regulations, legal ethical system, data sharing principles, benefit distribution, etc.This article attempts to explore the sharing mechanism based on the resource sharing platform of the respiratory disease biobank, proposes the contents that should be included in the sharing mode.Detailed information including the platform construction background, management procedures, legal and ethical system, data sharing principles and benefit distribution should take into consideration in the operating mechanism of the platform.Results:Establishing a resource sharing platform matches the development of clinical research in China.The tailored sharing model which is suitable for the field of respiratory diseases will also guide the rapid development of clinical research.Conclusions:The construction of a respiratory disease biobank sharing platform is conducive to promoting the opening and sharing of biological samples and information resources in the context of big data.

Nanotechnology has emerged as an ideal approach for achieving the efficient chemo agent delivery. However, the potential toxicity and unclear internal metabolism of most nano-carriers was still a major obstacle for the clinical application. Herein, a novel "core‒shell" co-assembly carrier-free nanosystem was constructed based on natural sources of ursolic acid (UA) and polyphenol (EGCG) with the EpCAM-aptamer modification for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) synergistic treatment. As the nature products derived from food-plant, UA and EGCG had good anticancer activities and low toxicity. With the simple and "green" method, the nanodrugs had the advantages of good stability, pH-responsive and strong penetration of tumor tissues, which was expected to increase tumor cellular uptake, long circulation and effectively avoid the potential defects of traditional carriers. The nanocomplex exhibited the low cytotoxicity in the normal cells