Objective: To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of spinal curvature abnormalities among primary and secondary school students in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of such abnormalities. Methods: From September to November 2023, adopting a stratified cluster random sampling method, spinal curvature screenings and questionnaire surveys were conducted among 168 931 students from grade 4 of primary school to grade 12 of high school in 111 districts and counties across 14 cities in Guangxi. Chi square tests and binary Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze influencing factors of spinal curvature abnormalities. Results: In 2023, the detection rate of poor posture among students above grade 4 in Guangxi was 4.24% , and the detection rate of spinal curvature abnormalities was 2.13%. The detection rate was higher among urban students (2.84%) than rural students (1.66%), boarding students (2.61%) than non-boarding students (1.60%), and high school students (3.16%) than junior high (2.45%) and primary school students (1.15%), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=269.85, 221.44, 565.10, P <0.01). A trend of increasing detection rates with higher grade levels was observed ( χ 2 trend =617.63, P <0.01). Binary Logistic regression analysis indicated that students without boarding at school ( OR =0.82, 95% CI =0.75-0.90), engaging in high-intensity physical activity for over 60 min per day ≥5 days per week ( OR =0.90, 95% CI =0.82-0.98), and adequate sleep ( OR =0.87, 95% CI =0.81-0.94) had lower risks of detecting spinal curvature abnormalities ( P <0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of spinal curvature abnormalities increases with grade level among primary and secondary school students in Guangxi. Regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity demonstrates protective effects against spinal abnormalities.

Objective: To explore the comorbidity and associated factors of dental caries and overweight/obesity among primary and secondary school students in Guangxi, so as to provide a scientific basis for the development of targeted prevention strategies. Methods: A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to survey 178 700 students from the fourth grade of primary school to the third year of high school in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from September to November 2023, including physical examination, oral screening, and questionnaire survey. Chisquare tests and binary Logistic regression analysis were employed to investigate the related factors of the cooccurrence of dental caries and overweight/obesity among students. Results: The comorbidity rate of dental caries and overweight/obesity was 9.55%, with urban areas (9.95%) higher than rural counties (9.24%), boys (10.54%) higher than girls (8.54%), primary school students (11.49%) higher than senior high school students (8.92%) and junior high school students (8.05%), and nonboarding students (11.44%) higher than boarding students (7.94%), and all differences were statistically significant (χ2=26.07, 207.91, 471.54, 629.14,P<0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that consuming cereal for breakfast (OR=0.91, 95%CI=0.88-0.94), drinking milk in the past week (OR=0.89, 95%CI=0.83-0.95), meeting sleep standards (OR=0.95, 95%CI=0.91-0.99), and brushing teeth at least once a day (OR=0.82, 95%CI=0.73-0.93) had a lower risk of the comorbidity of dental caries and overweight/obesity. In contrast, drinking beverages in the past week (OR=1.14, 95%CI=1.09-1.20), consuming fried foods in the past week (OR=1.11, 95%CI=1.06-1.17), eating fruit ≥1 time every day (OR=1.06, 95%CI=1.02-1.11), consuming fruit ≥1 type every day (OR=1.07, 95%CI=1.01-1.12), and having fish, poultry, meat, or eggbased breakfasts (OR=1.03, 95%CI=1.05-1.13) had a higher risk of the comorbidity of dental caries and overweight/obesity (P<0.05). Conclusions Dietary habits and lifestyle behaviors are associated with the comorbidity of dental caries and overweight/obesity among primary and secondary school students in Guangxi. Guiding students to form healthy living habits is helpful to preven dental caries and overweight/obesity.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features,diagnosis,differential diagnosis,immuno-phenotype,and prognosis of ovarian mature cystic teratoma(MCT)with an associated mucinous tumor(MT).Meth-ods Clinicopathological and follow-up data from 14 cases of MCT with MT were retrospectively analyzed and supple-mented with a literature review.Results 14 patients' ages ranged from 21-70 years,with a median age of 33 years.Tumors were located in the left ovary(4 cases),right ovary(9 cases),or bilaterally(1 case).The tumors,cystic or cyst-solid,measured 6.0-24.0 cm in maximum diameter(mean:11.7±5.7 cm).Histologically,the MT compo-nents were classified as mucinous cystadenoma(MCA)in 9 cases,borderline mucinous cystadenoma(MBT)in 4 ca-ses,and mucinous adenocarcinoma(MAC)in 1 case.Microscopically,MCT elements from multiple germ layers were identified in 13 cases,with one case showing only mature thyroid tissue.The mucinous epithelium in MCA showed no significant atypia.Mucinous epithelial proliferation accounted＞10％in MBT.MAC demonstrated moderate-to-severe atypia and invasive growth.Immunohistochemically,the MT epithelium was frequently positive for CK7(6/7),CK20(4/5),CDX2(5/6),Villin(4/4),SATB2(3/3),MUC2(2/3),MUC5AC(2/2),MUC6(1/1),and PAX-8(2/7),while negative for ER(6/6),PR(5/5),and WT-1(5/5).The Ki-67 proliferation index was low(＜5％)in 6 cases and high(50％)in one case.During a follow-up of 9-110 months,patients with MCT associated with MCA or MBT were alive without recurrence.The patient with MCT and MAC experienced recurrence 34 months after surgery.Conclusion Ovarian MCT with MT is rare and lacks specific clinical manifestations.Pathological examina-tion combined with immunophenotyping is essential for accurate diagnosis and classification.

Objectives:To investigate the mechanism underlying the protective effects of polydatin(PD)a-gainst oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD)-induced neuronal injury and acute spinal cord injury(SCI).Methods:The mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 was used in in vitro experiments.The cytotoxicity of PD was assessed using the CCK-8 assay:cells were treated with 0,1,3,10,30 and 100μM PD for 24h to de-termine the safe concentration range.After OGD modeling(24h),cells were treated with different concentrations of PD(0,3,10,and 30μM),and cell viability was measured via CCK-8 to identify the optimal protective concentration.Autophagy markers(LC3 and P62)were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot(WB);Autophagosome formation was observed using transmission electron microscopy;And the apoptosis rate was e valuated by TUNEL staining.For in vivo studies,an acute SCI model was established in C57BL/6 mice using Allen's impact method.Animals were divided into sham,SCI model,and PD treatment(20mg/kg)groups,with n=10 per group.Tissues were collected on 7d and 14d post-injury.Spinal cord pathology was examined by HE staining on 7d and 14d.Immunofluorescence was performed on 14d to evaluate glial scar formation(GFAP+),neuronal survival(MAP2+),cell proliferation(BrdU+),and autophagy level(LC3 Ⅱ).Results:In vitro results showed that 1-100μM PD did not exhibit significant cytotoxicity toward HT22 cells.The optimal concentration of PD was determined to be 10μ M after OGD induction.Compared with the OGD group,10μM PD significantly enhanced cell viability after OGD[OGD group:(54.63±3.90)％vs OGD+PD(1 0μ M)group:(84.35±1.38)％,P＜0.05]and effectively attenuated autophagy activation,as evidenced by a decreased LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰratio(OGD group:11.0±0.57 vs OGD+PD group:3.50±0.28,P＜0.05),increased P62 accumulation(OGD group:0.55±0.04 vs OGD+PD group:0.93±0.06,P＜0.05),reduced number of autolysosomes,and significantly lower apoptosis rate[OGD group:(35.33±2.6)％vs OGD+PD group:(19.67±1.76)％,P＜0.05].In vivo,HE staining confirmed that pathological damage in spinal cord tissue was markedly alleviated in the PD-treated group compared with the SCI model group.Immunofluorescence results indicated that PD treatment inhibited fibrous scar formation(SCI group:2.32±0.19mm2 vs PD group:1.07±0.24mm2,P＜0.05),reduced neuronal damage(SCI group:1.72±0.28mm vs PD group:0.93±0.12mm,P＜0.05)and promoted cell proliferation[SCI group:(16.14±2.24)％vs PD group:(39.09±3.16)％,P＜0.05],and downregulated LC3 Ⅱ expression(SCI group:62.81±5.25 vs PD group:34.09±3.98,P＜0.05).Conclusions:PD ameliorates neural damage by concurrently suppressing autophagy and apoptosis,providing a dual-pathway therapeutic strategy for SCI.

BACKGROUND:In the research and application of neural stem cells,cell culture and passage are key links,which directly affect the quality of cells and experimental results.It is of great significance to find the most suitable digestive enzymes that can maintain the biological characteristics of embryonic mouse spinal cord neural stem cells and enhance their passage efficiency.OBJECTIVE:To explore the most suitable digestive enzyme for passage of neural stem cells from the spinal cord of embryonic mice.METHODS:Microscopic dissection was used to isolate and extract spinal cord tissue from E14 d embryonic mice,which was cultured in DMEM/F12 serum-free medium containing epidermal growth factor,basic fibroblast growth factor,and B27.After spherulation,Nestin and Sox2 immunofluorescence identification was performed.During neural stem cell passage and culture,single-cell suspensions were prepared using trypsin,papain,and TrypLETM Express enzyme digestion combined with blow molding.The cell dispersion and spheroidization were observed,and passage 3 cells were stained with propidium iodide to detect cell death.Cell proliferation was detected by counting the total number of cells.Immunofluorescence staining,western blot assay and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of Olig2,Tuj1,GFAP,and NeuN at the protein and mRNA levels and to identify cell differentiation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 72 hours of culture,E14 d embryonic mouse spinal cord tissue cells could form suspended neurospheres,which could be passaged after 5-7 days.Compared with trypsin and papain,TrypLETM Express enzyme combined with blow beating method was used for passage.The cell dispersion rate was high,the activity was good,and more NeuN-and Tuj1-positive neurons differentiated.This study optimized the culture and passaging process of neural stem cells,laying a foundation for further research on stem cell transplantation therapy for spinal cord diseases.

Biofilm is one of the important reasons for bacterial resistance and persistent infection in Staphylococcus aureus,which poses a significant threat to the dairy farming industry in southern Xinjiang.Although quercetin has antibacterial properties,its poor hydrophilicity and low solubility limit its clinical application.Therefore,quercetin nanogel was prepared by the electrostatic interac-tion between guar gum(positive charge)and hyaluronic acid(negative charge)under the action of sodium tripolyphosphate in this study.Using encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity as indi-cators,the optimal formula was screened through single factor experiments and response surface methodology,and characterized.The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimal mem-brane inhibitory concentration(MBIC)of quercetin nanogel against Staphylococcus aureus were determined by micro broth dilution method and micro plate semi quantitative method.The results showed that the optimal formulation of quercetin nanogel was 11.6 g/L guar gum,10.0 g/L hyalu-ronic acid and 50.0 g/L sodium tripolyphosphate.The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were 79.4％and 7.6％,respectively.The particle size and Zeta potential were(396.0±4.2)nm and(-25.0±0.8)mV,respectively,indicating that the nanogel had good dispersion,high stability and excellent drug loading capacity.The MIC and inhibitory rate of quercetin nanogel against Staphy-lococcus aureus were 8.0 mg/L and 83.8％,respectively.The MBIC and inhibitory rate of quercetin nanogel against Staphylococcus aureus were 8.0 mg/L and 38.3％,respectively.Therefore,the pre-pared quercetin nanogel solved the problems of low solubility and poor hydrophilicity of quercetin,improved the inhibitory effect of quercetin on the membrane of Staphylococcus aureus,and was expected to be further applied to the treatment of cow bacterial diseases in southern Xinjiang.

Biofilm is one of the important reasons for bacterial resistance and persistent infection in Staphylococcus aureus,which poses a significant threat to the dairy farming industry in southern Xinjiang.Although quercetin has antibacterial properties,its poor hydrophilicity and low solubility limit its clinical application.Therefore,quercetin nanogel was prepared by the electrostatic interac-tion between guar gum(positive charge)and hyaluronic acid(negative charge)under the action of sodium tripolyphosphate in this study.Using encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity as indi-cators,the optimal formula was screened through single factor experiments and response surface methodology,and characterized.The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimal mem-brane inhibitory concentration(MBIC)of quercetin nanogel against Staphylococcus aureus were determined by micro broth dilution method and micro plate semi quantitative method.The results showed that the optimal formulation of quercetin nanogel was 11.6 g/L guar gum,10.0 g/L hyalu-ronic acid and 50.0 g/L sodium tripolyphosphate.The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were 79.4％and 7.6％,respectively.The particle size and Zeta potential were(396.0±4.2)nm and(-25.0±0.8)mV,respectively,indicating that the nanogel had good dispersion,high stability and excellent drug loading capacity.The MIC and inhibitory rate of quercetin nanogel against Staphy-lococcus aureus were 8.0 mg/L and 83.8％,respectively.The MBIC and inhibitory rate of quercetin nanogel against Staphylococcus aureus were 8.0 mg/L and 38.3％,respectively.Therefore,the pre-pared quercetin nanogel solved the problems of low solubility and poor hydrophilicity of quercetin,improved the inhibitory effect of quercetin on the membrane of Staphylococcus aureus,and was expected to be further applied to the treatment of cow bacterial diseases in southern Xinjiang.

Objectives:To investigate the mechanism underlying the protective effects of polydatin(PD)a-gainst oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD)-induced neuronal injury and acute spinal cord injury(SCI).Methods:The mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 was used in in vitro experiments.The cytotoxicity of PD was assessed using the CCK-8 assay:cells were treated with 0,1,3,10,30 and 100μM PD for 24h to de-termine the safe concentration range.After OGD modeling(24h),cells were treated with different concentrations of PD(0,3,10,and 30μM),and cell viability was measured via CCK-8 to identify the optimal protective concentration.Autophagy markers(LC3 and P62)were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot(WB);Autophagosome formation was observed using transmission electron microscopy;And the apoptosis rate was e valuated by TUNEL staining.For in vivo studies,an acute SCI model was established in C57BL/6 mice using Allen's impact method.Animals were divided into sham,SCI model,and PD treatment(20mg/kg)groups,with n=10 per group.Tissues were collected on 7d and 14d post-injury.Spinal cord pathology was examined by HE staining on 7d and 14d.Immunofluorescence was performed on 14d to evaluate glial scar formation(GFAP+),neuronal survival(MAP2+),cell proliferation(BrdU+),and autophagy level(LC3 Ⅱ).Results:In vitro results showed that 1-100μM PD did not exhibit significant cytotoxicity toward HT22 cells.The optimal concentration of PD was determined to be 10μ M after OGD induction.Compared with the OGD group,10μM PD significantly enhanced cell viability after OGD[OGD group:(54.63±3.90)％vs OGD+PD(1 0μ M)group:(84.35±1.38)％,P＜0.05]and effectively attenuated autophagy activation,as evidenced by a decreased LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰratio(OGD group:11.0±0.57 vs OGD+PD group:3.50±0.28,P＜0.05),increased P62 accumulation(OGD group:0.55±0.04 vs OGD+PD group:0.93±0.06,P＜0.05),reduced number of autolysosomes,and significantly lower apoptosis rate[OGD group:(35.33±2.6)％vs OGD+PD group:(19.67±1.76)％,P＜0.05].In vivo,HE staining confirmed that pathological damage in spinal cord tissue was markedly alleviated in the PD-treated group compared with the SCI model group.Immunofluorescence results indicated that PD treatment inhibited fibrous scar formation(SCI group:2.32±0.19mm2 vs PD group:1.07±0.24mm2,P＜0.05),reduced neuronal damage(SCI group:1.72±0.28mm vs PD group:0.93±0.12mm,P＜0.05)and promoted cell proliferation[SCI group:(16.14±2.24)％vs PD group:(39.09±3.16)％,P＜0.05],and downregulated LC3 Ⅱ expression(SCI group:62.81±5.25 vs PD group:34.09±3.98,P＜0.05).Conclusions:PD ameliorates neural damage by concurrently suppressing autophagy and apoptosis,providing a dual-pathway therapeutic strategy for SCI.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features,diagnosis,differential diagnosis,immuno-phenotype,and prognosis of ovarian mature cystic teratoma(MCT)with an associated mucinous tumor(MT).Meth-ods Clinicopathological and follow-up data from 14 cases of MCT with MT were retrospectively analyzed and supple-mented with a literature review.Results 14 patients' ages ranged from 21-70 years,with a median age of 33 years.Tumors were located in the left ovary(4 cases),right ovary(9 cases),or bilaterally(1 case).The tumors,cystic or cyst-solid,measured 6.0-24.0 cm in maximum diameter(mean:11.7±5.7 cm).Histologically,the MT compo-nents were classified as mucinous cystadenoma(MCA)in 9 cases,borderline mucinous cystadenoma(MBT)in 4 ca-ses,and mucinous adenocarcinoma(MAC)in 1 case.Microscopically,MCT elements from multiple germ layers were identified in 13 cases,with one case showing only mature thyroid tissue.The mucinous epithelium in MCA showed no significant atypia.Mucinous epithelial proliferation accounted＞10％in MBT.MAC demonstrated moderate-to-severe atypia and invasive growth.Immunohistochemically,the MT epithelium was frequently positive for CK7(6/7),CK20(4/5),CDX2(5/6),Villin(4/4),SATB2(3/3),MUC2(2/3),MUC5AC(2/2),MUC6(1/1),and PAX-8(2/7),while negative for ER(6/6),PR(5/5),and WT-1(5/5).The Ki-67 proliferation index was low(＜5％)in 6 cases and high(50％)in one case.During a follow-up of 9-110 months,patients with MCT associated with MCA or MBT were alive without recurrence.The patient with MCT and MAC experienced recurrence 34 months after surgery.Conclusion Ovarian MCT with MT is rare and lacks specific clinical manifestations.Pathological examina-tion combined with immunophenotyping is essential for accurate diagnosis and classification.

BACKGROUND:In the research and application of neural stem cells,cell culture and passage are key links,which directly affect the quality of cells and experimental results.It is of great significance to find the most suitable digestive enzymes that can maintain the biological characteristics of embryonic mouse spinal cord neural stem cells and enhance their passage efficiency.OBJECTIVE:To explore the most suitable digestive enzyme for passage of neural stem cells from the spinal cord of embryonic mice.METHODS:Microscopic dissection was used to isolate and extract spinal cord tissue from E14 d embryonic mice,which was cultured in DMEM/F12 serum-free medium containing epidermal growth factor,basic fibroblast growth factor,and B27.After spherulation,Nestin and Sox2 immunofluorescence identification was performed.During neural stem cell passage and culture,single-cell suspensions were prepared using trypsin,papain,and TrypLETM Express enzyme digestion combined with blow molding.The cell dispersion and spheroidization were observed,and passage 3 cells were stained with propidium iodide to detect cell death.Cell proliferation was detected by counting the total number of cells.Immunofluorescence staining,western blot assay and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of Olig2,Tuj1,GFAP,and NeuN at the protein and mRNA levels and to identify cell differentiation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 72 hours of culture,E14 d embryonic mouse spinal cord tissue cells could form suspended neurospheres,which could be passaged after 5-7 days.Compared with trypsin and papain,TrypLETM Express enzyme combined with blow beating method was used for passage.The cell dispersion rate was high,the activity was good,and more NeuN-and Tuj1-positive neurons differentiated.This study optimized the culture and passaging process of neural stem cells,laying a foundation for further research on stem cell transplantation therapy for spinal cord diseases.