ObjectiveTo establish a geographical origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan， providing a new technical reference for the protection of Haiyuan's geo-authentic medicinal materials and its designation as a national geographical indication agricultural product. MethodsSamples of Foeniculi Fructus were collected from eight producing areas， including Minqin （Gansu）， Bozhou （Anhui）， Qingdao （Shandong）， Dezhou （Shandong）， Urumqi （Xinjiang）， Nujiang （Yunnan）， Gutuo （Inner Mongolia）， and Haiyuan （Ningxia）. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry （GC-IMS） was used to detect the volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in samples from these geographic origins. VOCs were qualitatively analyzed through dual matching with the National Institute of Standards and Technology （NIST） mass spectral database and the IMS drift time database. Using the Reporter module and Gallery Plot visualization tools within the LAV analytical platform， VOC fingerprint profiles characterizing geographic origins were constructed. A non-targeted analytical strategy was adopted， and 97 VOCs detected via GC-IMS were subjected to principal component analysis （PCA） and partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） based on their differential distribution patterns to construct an origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan region. Key discriminative markers were screened using variable importance in projection （VIP） values greater than 1. ResultsA total of 97 VOCs were identified， including alcohols， aldehydes， ketones， esters， organic acids， terpenoids， ethers， alkenes， and benzenes. The PLS-DA model， based on VOCs data obtained by GC-IMS， effectively distinguished Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from those of other origins. During cross-validation， the model achieved a prediction parameter （Q²） of 0.976 and a goodness-of-fit parameter （R²） of 0.936， with no overfitting observed in permutation testing. Twelve key flavor markers with VIP > 1 were identified as characteristic indicators of Haiyuan origin. ConclusionA stable and highly predictive origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan was successfully established using GC-IMS technology， PLS-DA， and VIP-based marker screening. This model provides a novel technical strategy for accurately distinguishing Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from other regional varieties and offers new technical support for its protection as a geo-authentic medicinal material and a nationally designated geographical indication agricultural product in China.

ObjectiveTo establish a geographical origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan， providing a new technical reference for the protection of Haiyuan's geo-authentic medicinal materials and its designation as a national geographical indication agricultural product. MethodsSamples of Foeniculi Fructus were collected from eight producing areas， including Minqin （Gansu）， Bozhou （Anhui）， Qingdao （Shandong）， Dezhou （Shandong）， Urumqi （Xinjiang）， Nujiang （Yunnan）， Gutuo （Inner Mongolia）， and Haiyuan （Ningxia）. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry （GC-IMS） was used to detect the volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in samples from these geographic origins. VOCs were qualitatively analyzed through dual matching with the National Institute of Standards and Technology （NIST） mass spectral database and the IMS drift time database. Using the Reporter module and Gallery Plot visualization tools within the LAV analytical platform， VOC fingerprint profiles characterizing geographic origins were constructed. A non-targeted analytical strategy was adopted， and 97 VOCs detected via GC-IMS were subjected to principal component analysis （PCA） and partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） based on their differential distribution patterns to construct an origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan region. Key discriminative markers were screened using variable importance in projection （VIP） values greater than 1. ResultsA total of 97 VOCs were identified， including alcohols， aldehydes， ketones， esters， organic acids， terpenoids， ethers， alkenes， and benzenes. The PLS-DA model， based on VOCs data obtained by GC-IMS， effectively distinguished Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from those of other origins. During cross-validation， the model achieved a prediction parameter （Q²） of 0.976 and a goodness-of-fit parameter （R²） of 0.936， with no overfitting observed in permutation testing. Twelve key flavor markers with VIP > 1 were identified as characteristic indicators of Haiyuan origin. ConclusionA stable and highly predictive origin identification model for Foeniculi Fructus from Haiyuan was successfully established using GC-IMS technology， PLS-DA， and VIP-based marker screening. This model provides a novel technical strategy for accurately distinguishing Foeniculi Fructus in Haiyuan region from other regional varieties and offers new technical support for its protection as a geo-authentic medicinal material and a nationally designated geographical indication agricultural product in China.

Background::Growth retardation is a common complication of chronic kidney disease in children, which can be partially relieved after renal transplantation. This study aimed to develop and validate a predictive model for growth patterns of children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) after kidney transplantation using machine learning algorithms based on genomic and clinical variables.Methods::A retrospective cohort of 110 children who received kidney transplants between May 2013 and September 2021 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were recruited for whole-exome sequencing (WES), and another 39 children who underwent transplant from October 2021 to March 2022 were enrolled for external validation. Based on previous studies, we comprehensively collected 729 height-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exon regions. Seven machine learning algorithms and 10-fold cross-validation analysis were employed for model construction.Results::The 110 children were divided into two groups according to change in height-for-age Z-score. After univariate analysis, age and 19 SNPs were incorporated into the model and validated. The random forest model showed the best prediction efficacy with an accuracy of 0.8125 and an area under curve (AUC) of 0.924, and also performed well in the external validation cohort (accuracy, 0.7949; AUC, 0.796). Conclusions::A model with good performance for predicting post-transplant growth patterns in children based on SNPs and clinical variables was constructed and validated using machine learning algorithms. The model is expected to guide clinicians in the management of children after renal transplantation, including the use of growth hormone, glucocorticoid withdrawal, and nutritional supplementation, to alleviate growth retardation in children with ESRD.

Objective To explore the effect and possible mechanism of berberine on the macro-phage polarization of human myeloid leukemia monocytic cell line THP-1 induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein(ox-LDL).Methods THP-1 cells were induced into macrophages by PMA,and then according to different concentrations of berberine,the cells were divided into con-trol group,and 5,10,20,40 and 50 μmol/L berberine groups.After intervention for 24 or 48 h,CCK8 assay was used to detect cell viability for optimal concentration and time of berberine treat-ment.PMA-induced THP-1 macrophages were assigned into blank group,model group(ox-LDL),berberine group,inhibitor group(phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase(PI3K)inhibitor LY294002)and berberine+inhibitor group(berberine+LY294002).The contents of inducible nitric oxide syn-thase(iNOS)and TGF-β1 were detected by ELISA.qPCR was employed to measure the mRNA expression of TNF-α,arginase 1(Arg1),PI3K and protein kinase B Akt1,and Western blotting was applied to detect the protein levels of Akt1 and phosphorylated protein kinase B antibody(p-Akt1).Results In 24 h after intervention,the macrophage activity was significantly lower in the 40 and 50 μmol/L berberine groups than the control group(P＜0.05),and after 48 h,the ac-tivity in all the 5 doses of berberine groups was obviously lower than that in the control group[(0.89±0.02)％,(0.82±0.03)％,(0.71±0.02)％,(0.62±0.03)％and(0.53±0.02)％vs(1.01±0.01)％,P＜0.05].Berberine treatment of 20 μmol/L for 24 h had little effect on cell viability,and the dose and the time were regarded as the best concentration and time.Compared with the blank group,iNOS content and TNF-α mRNA level were increased in the model group,while TGF-β1 content,mRNA levels of Arg1,PI3K and Akt1,and p-Akt1/Akt1 protein levels were de-creased(P＜0.05).iNOS content and TNF-α mRNA level were decreased,while TGF-β1 content,mRNA levels of Arg1,PI3K and Akt1 and protein levels of p-Akt1/Akt1s were increased in the berberine group than the model group(P＜0.05).Compared with the berberine group,iNOS con-tent and TNF-α mRNA level were increased,while mRNA levels of Arg1,PI3K and Akt1 and protein levels of p-Akt1/Akt1 were decreased in the berberine+inhibitor group(P＜0.05).Con-clusion Berberine can inhibit the inflammatory response of THP-1 macrophages induced by ox-LDL by activating PI3K/Akt1 pathway,and inhibit the M1 polarization and promote the M2 polarization of macrophages.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of pediatric kidney transplant recipients reinfected with SARS-CoV-2.Method:The relevant clinical data were retrospectively reviewed for 191 pediatric kidney transplant recipients at a single center. Based upon whether or not there was a reinfection of SARS-CoV-2, they were assigned into two groups of single infection (group A, 127 cases) and reinfection (group B, 64 cases). Baseline profiles, clinical symptoms, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, markers of disease progression, immune status, respiratory support modalities, comorbidities and transplantation-related data were collected for comparing the inter-group differences during primary infection and between two infections in reinfected group.Result:As compared with group A, group B recipients had a higher proportion of age <12 years (71.9% vs 54.3%) ,unvaccinated (81.2% vs 66.1%) and such symptoms as high fever (34.4% vs 12.6% ), dry cough (43.8% vs 23.6% ) and chest tightness (14.1% vs 3.9 %) during primary infection (all P<0.05). During primary infection, the levels of IL-6 and CRP were higher in group B than in group A and inter-group difference was statistically significant (both P<0.01). The levels of IL-6 ( P<0.01), CRP ( P<0.01) and PCT ( P= 0.023) were lower in group B during reinfection than those during primary infection and the difference was statistically significant. During primary infection, the counts of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, NK and B lymphocyte of group B were lower than those of group A. And inter-group differences were statistically significant (all P<0.01). During reinfection, the levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, NK and B lymphocyte counts of group B spiked as compared with those of group A during primary infection and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.01). The levels of SCr and UA in group B differed insignificantly before and after primary infection with SARS-CoV-2. However, the differences before and after reinfection were statistically significant (both P<0.01) . Conclusion:Symptomatic and immunocompromised pediatric KT recipients during primary infection with SARS-CoV-2 are more prone to reinfection during subsequent epidemics. Though mildly symptomatic, reinfection may exacerbate impairments of graft kidney function in pediatric KT recipients.

Purpose: Myofibroblastic cancer-associated fibroblasts (myCAFs) are important components of the tumor microenvironment closely associated with tumor stromal remodeling and immunosuppression. This study aimed to explore myCAFs marker gene biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and therapy for patients with bladder cancer (BC). Materials and Methods: BC single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information Sequence Read Archive. Transcriptome and clinical data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Subsequently, univariate Cox and LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression) regression analyses were performed to construct a prognostic signature. Immune cell activity was estimated using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis whilst the TIDE (tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion) method was employed to assess patient response to immunotherapy. The chemotherapy response of patients with BC was evaluated using genomics of drug sensitivity in cancer. Furthermore, Immunohistochemistry was used to verify the correlation between MAP1B expression and immunotherapy efficacy. The scRNA-seq data were analyzed to identify myCAFs marker genes. Results: Combined with bulk RNA-sequencing data, we constructed a two-gene (COL6A1 and MAP1B) risk signature. In patients with BC, the signature demonstrated outstanding prognostic value, immune infiltration, and immunotherapy response. This signature served as a crucial guide for the selection of anti-tumor chemotherapy medications. Additionally, immunohistochemistry confirmed that MAP1B expression was significantly correlated with immunotherapy efficacy. Conclusions Our findings revealed a typical prognostic signature based on myCAF marker genes, which offers patients with BC a novel treatment target alongside theoretical justification.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of berberine combined with curcumin on ath-erosclerosis(AS)by mediating M1 macrophages polarization.Methods M1-type macrophages were obtained from mouse mononuclear macrophages(RAW264.7)induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS,100 ng/mL)and interferon(IFN)-γ(20 ng/mL).A cell model was established.The cells were divided into a control group,model group,berberine group,curcumin group and berberine plus curcumin group.Concentrations of berberine and curcumin were detected by CCK-8 assay.The expression levels of M1-type macrophage markers iNOS,TNF-α,CXCL9 and p-STAT6/STAT6 in macrophage supernatant were detected by ELISA.Levels of iNOS,TNF-α and CXCL9 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR.Levels of iNOS,STAT6 and p-STAT6 proteins in each group were detected by Western blot.After down-regulation of STAT6 level by siRNA technology,expression of p-STAT6 protein was detected by Western blot.Expression levels of iNOS,TNF-α,CXCL9 and p-STAT6 were detected by ELISA.Results In the polarization of M1 macrophages induced by LPS and IFN-γ,berberine(25 μmol/L)and curcumin(20 μmol/L)were the best concentrations as compared with other drug concentration groups,and neither alone nor combined use could significantly inhibit the viability of RAW264.7 cells(P<0.05).As compared with the normal group,iNOS,TNF-α and CXCL9 mRNA and protein levels were increased in the model group,while P-STAT6/STAT6 levels were decreased,with statistical differences(P<0.05).As compared with the model group,iNOS,TNF-α and CXCL9 mRNA and protein levels in the berberine group,curcumin group,and berberine plus curcumin group were decreased,while P-STAT6/STAT6 levels were increased,and the changes were more obvious in berberine plus curcumin group,with statistical difference(P<0.05).After transfection of STAT6 siRNA in M1 macrophages in the berberine plus curcumin group,P-STAT6 levels were down-regulated,while expressions of iNOS,TNF-α and CXCL9 were up-regulated,with statistical differences(P<0.05).Conclusions Both berberine and curcumin can inhibit the activity of M1-type macrophages and reduce inflammatory response.The action of berberine combined with curcumin is more advantageous than that of either drug alone,which may be the main mechanism of action through activation of STAT6.

Objective:To investigate alterations in the glymphatic system of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) patients based on quantitative MRI, and its association with genetic information and motor dysfunction.Methods:The study was a cross-sectional study. This prospective study recruited 39 confirmed SCA3 patients (SCA3 group) and 40 matched healthy controls (HC group) who were seen at the Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University from May 2017 to June 2023. All subjects underwent cranial MRI scanning. Clinical assessments were conducted on all participants using the scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA) and the international cooperative ataxia rating scale (ICARS). The automatic segmentation and volume measurement of the choroid plexus based on Freesurfer 6.0; the perivascular interstitial space (PVS) was automatically segmented based on the deep-learning model VB-Net, and the volume of the PVS in each brain region was quantified after manual correction. Independent samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to analyze the changes in the class lymphatic system in the SCA3 group and the HC group. Pearson partial correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between CAG repeats, the glymphatic system, and motor dysfunction. Results:The standardized choroid plexus volume in the SCA3 group was (1.24±0.36)×10 3 mm 3, and that in the HC group was (0.96±0.34)×10 3 mm 3, with a statistically significant difference ( t=4.01, P<0.001). PVS volumes in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, basal ganglia, cerebellum, thalamus, and brainstem regions in the SCA3 group were significantly higher than those of HC group ( P<0.05). Partial correlation analysis revealed that CAG repeats in SCA3 group were positively correlated with SARA, ICARS, and basal ganglia PVS volumes ( r=0.65, 0.58, 0.29; P=0.001, 0.001, 0.042). Cerebellar and temporal lobe PVS volumes were positively correlated with SARA ( r=0.59, 0.47; P=0.001, 0.003), and positively correlated with ICARS scores ( r=0.61, 0.40; P=0.001, 0.011). Choroid plexus volume was positively correlated with cerebellar and basal ganglia PVS volumes ( r=0.41, 0.31; P=0.009, 0.043). Conclusions:The glymphatic system of SCA3 patients have significant alteration and have association with CAG repeats and motor dysfunction.

Objective To explore the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation bracelet at Neiguan acupoint on the postoperative nausea and vomiting after thyroidectomy under general an-esthesia.Methods Seventy-two female patients underwent thyroidectomy,aged 18-50 years,ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,were enrolled.The patients were assigned 1 ∶ 1 to two groups by permuted block randomization:the electrical stimulation group and the control group,36 patients in each group.Before an-esthesia induction,patients in both groups wore domestic transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation bracelets,and the electrodes were aimed at Neiguan acupoint.The electrical stimulation group started to stimulate Neiguan acupoint,and adjusted the proper intensity to make the patient feel tingling in the related area of the hand.When the bracelet was fixed firmly,turned it off.At the end of the operation,the bracelet was turned on with the stimulation intensity set before induction for 24 hours.Patients in the control group also wore the bracelet for 24 hours,but it was never turned on.The number of cases of postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV)and the number of remedial cases of antiemetic drugs were recorded.Results Compared with the control group,the incidence of PONV and postoperative vomiting in the electrical stimula-tion group were significantly reduced within 24 hours after surgery(P＜0.05),and the differences were mainly in 1-6 hours after surgery(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the rate of remedial ca-ses of antiemetic drugs between the two groups at different time periods.Conclusion Transcutaneous electri-cal stimulation bracelet at Neiguan acupoint can effectively reduce the incidence of PONV within 24 hours after thyroidectomy.

Tic disorder (TD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by sudden, rapid, repetitive, non-rhythmic motor or vocal tics at single or multiple sites.Attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is one of the common comorbidities of TD.Early identification and intervention of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, as well as comorbid ADHD in TD patients can improve its prognosis.Currently, a significant amount of research on TD accompanied by ADHD has been conducted both domestically and internationally.This article provides a systematic review and summary of the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, treatment and intervention for TD comorbid with ADHD, aiming to enrich the understanding of clinicians regarding TD comorbid with ADHD and promote its early identification and intervention.