Objective:To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1B( PPP1R1B) gene and schizophrenia in the Han population of northern Henan province. Methods:Utilizing Psychiatric Genomics Consortium 3 (PGC3) data, the SNPs of PPP1R1B gene which were significantly associated with schizophrenia were screened.Subsequently, totally 1 721 schizophrenia patients and 6 726 healthy controls from the Han population in northern Henan province were recruited for further analysis. The SNP rs907094, located within the PPP1R1B gene was validated, and the clinical symptoms of 386 schizophrenia patients were evaluated using the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). Additionally, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) association analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between the rs907094 polymorphism and PPP1R1B gene expression.The PLINK v1.9, Genetic Power Calculater, SPSS 20.0 softwares were used for data analysis. Results:Significant differences in genotype AA, AG, GG(schizophrenia group: AA, 489(28.4%); AG, 848(49.3%); GG, 384(22.3%); control group: AA, 1 450(21.6%); AG, 3 386(50.3%); GG, 1 890(28.1%), χ2=45.418, P<0.05) and allele frequency(schizophrenia group: A, 1 826(53.1%); G, 1 616(46.9%); control group: A, 6 286(46.7%); G, 7 166(53.3%), χ2=43.877, P<0.05) were observed for SNP rs907094 between the schizophrenia group and control group. Individuals carrying allele A were identified to have a higher risk of developing schizophrenia compared to those carrying allele G ( OR=1.288, 95% CI=1.195-1.388). Furthermore, the genotype PPP1R1B gene was found to be associated with the clinical features of schizophrenia. A statistically significant difference was observed in the excitement/hostility factor between AA and GG patients with rs907094 (13.62±5.65, 15.54±4.66)( P<0.05). Additionally, significant differences were noted in the cognitive factor scores between AA and GA genotypes (17.76±5.58, 19.43±5.73)( P<0.05). Conclusions:In the Han population from northern Henan province, the rs907094 polymorphism of the PPP1R1B gene is associated with schizophrenia.And the specific locus may be implicated in arousal/hostility symptoms and cognitive dysfunction.

Objective To investigate the association between UGT1A1 inhibitors-induced liver injury(DILI)and UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms through a pharmacogenomics approach.Methods Information on relevant drugs that may induce liver injury,blood routine tests,and liver function tests was collected from hospitalized patients diagnosed with DILI between June 2022 and June 2024.Relevant databases were searched to categorize DILI-associated drugs into UGT1A1 enzyme inhibitors and those without interaction with UGT1A1.Sanger sequenc-ing or MassARRAY SNP typing technology was utilized to detect and genotype the UGT1A1 gene.Results A total of 219 patients with drug-induced liver injury(DILI)were enrolled,including 98 males,with a mean age of 46.32±14.95 years.A literature search of relevant databases revealed that 20 drugs(16.26%,20/123)associated with DILI had inhibitory effects on the UGT1A1 enzyme.The proportion of DILI cases related to UGT1A1 inhibitors was 60.73%(133/219).Compared to non-UGT1A1 inhibitor-related DILI group,the UGT1A1 inhibitor-related DILI group exhibited significantly higher levels of ALT,AST,ALP,and GGT(P<0.05),while no significant differences were observed in age,gender,TBIL,IBIL,WBC,Hb,PLT,injury type,or injury grade(P>0.05).The prevalence of UGT1A1 polymorphisms was significantly higher in the UGT1A1 inhibitor-related DILI group(68.42%)com-pared to the non-UGT1A1 inhibitor-related DILI group(51.16%),with an odds ratio(OR)of 2.068(95%CI:1.183 to 3.617;χ2=6.58,P=0.010).There was also a significant difference in the distribution of genotypes between the UGT1A1 inhibitor-related and non-UGT1A1 inhibitor-related DILI groups(χ2=9.60,P=0.022).Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that ALT and UGT1A1*6 were associated with UGT1A1 inhibitor-related DILI,while multivariate analysis confirmed that UGT1A1*6 was independently associated with UGT1A1 inhibitor-related DILI[OR(95%CI)=3.143(1.398 to 7.067),P=0.006].Conclusion The UGT1A1*6 allele increases the susceptibility to drug-induced liver injury(DILI)associated with UGT1A1 inhibitory drugs.

Objective To analyze the risk factors associated with intraoperative parathyroid injury during thyroid cancer surgery and develop a predictive model to evaluate its predictive efficacy.Methods A retrospective study was conducted involving 76 patients who experienced intraoperative parathyroid injury during thyroid cancer surgery between May 2021 and February 2024.These patients were included in the parathyroid injury group.For the control group,76 patients who underwent thyroid cancer surgery without intraoperative parathyroid injury during the same period were selected.Clinical data,complete blood count parameters,and other relevant variables were collected.Univariate analysis was performed to screen for potential risk factors,and Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors.A regression predictive model was established,and the model's goodness-of-fit and predictive power were evaluated.Results Among the 76 patients,75 had temporary parathyroid function impairment and 1 had permanent parathyroid function impairment.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses showed that bilateral lymph node dissection,bilateral total lobectomy,capsule invasion,and combined hashimoto's thyroiditis were independent risk factors(P＜0.05).A predictive regression model was developed based on these factors.The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed a x2=2.064,P=0.356,indicating good model fit.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve revealed that the model had an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.713,with a 95％confidence interval(CI)of 0.639 to 0.787,suggesting good predictive efficacy.Conclusion Hashimoto's thyroiditis,capsular invasion,bilateral lymph node dissection,and bilateral total lobectomy are significant risk factors for intraoperative parathyroid injury during thyroid cancer surgery.The predictive model constructed based on these factors has good predictive efficacy.

Objective:To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1B( PPP1R1B) gene and schizophrenia in the Han population of northern Henan province. Methods:Utilizing Psychiatric Genomics Consortium 3 (PGC3) data, the SNPs of PPP1R1B gene which were significantly associated with schizophrenia were screened.Subsequently, totally 1 721 schizophrenia patients and 6 726 healthy controls from the Han population in northern Henan province were recruited for further analysis. The SNP rs907094, located within the PPP1R1B gene was validated, and the clinical symptoms of 386 schizophrenia patients were evaluated using the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). Additionally, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) association analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between the rs907094 polymorphism and PPP1R1B gene expression.The PLINK v1.9, Genetic Power Calculater, SPSS 20.0 softwares were used for data analysis. Results:Significant differences in genotype AA, AG, GG(schizophrenia group: AA, 489(28.4%); AG, 848(49.3%); GG, 384(22.3%); control group: AA, 1 450(21.6%); AG, 3 386(50.3%); GG, 1 890(28.1%), χ2=45.418, P<0.05) and allele frequency(schizophrenia group: A, 1 826(53.1%); G, 1 616(46.9%); control group: A, 6 286(46.7%); G, 7 166(53.3%), χ2=43.877, P<0.05) were observed for SNP rs907094 between the schizophrenia group and control group. Individuals carrying allele A were identified to have a higher risk of developing schizophrenia compared to those carrying allele G ( OR=1.288, 95% CI=1.195-1.388). Furthermore, the genotype PPP1R1B gene was found to be associated with the clinical features of schizophrenia. A statistically significant difference was observed in the excitement/hostility factor between AA and GG patients with rs907094 (13.62±5.65, 15.54±4.66)( P<0.05). Additionally, significant differences were noted in the cognitive factor scores between AA and GA genotypes (17.76±5.58, 19.43±5.73)( P<0.05). Conclusions:In the Han population from northern Henan province, the rs907094 polymorphism of the PPP1R1B gene is associated with schizophrenia.And the specific locus may be implicated in arousal/hostility symptoms and cognitive dysfunction.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective:To analyze pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality data in China and worldwide and to provide data for pancreatic cancer prevention and control efforts.Methods:Data of pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality rates, along with historical and predictive data, were obtained from the GLOBOCAN 2022 database. Epidemiological characteristics of pancreatic cancer was analyzed by region, sex, age and Human Development Index (HDI). Spearman's correlation coefficient test was used to assess the relationship between HDI and age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR).Results:In 2022, the global number of new cases and deaths of pancreatic cancer will be 511 thousand and 467 thousand, respectively, with an ASIR and ASMR of 4.7/10 5 and 4.2/10 5, respectively. North America and Europe had the highest pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality rates of 8.5/10 5 and 7.3/10 5, respectively. Global ASIR and ASMR in men were both 1.4 times higher than those in women. HDI levels were positively correlated with ASIR ( r=0.79, P＜0.001) and ASMR ( r=0.78, P＜0.001) of pancreatic cancer in all regions. The number of pancreatic cancer cases and deaths in China were 119 thousand and 106 thousand, respectively, while the ASIR and ASMR of pancreatic cancer were 4.4/10 5 and 3.9/10 5, respectively. Both ASIR and ASMR in men were both 1.5 times higher than those in women in China. The number of pancreatic cancer incidence and death cases in China in 2050 is predicted to be 216 thousand and 204 thousand cases, with an increase of 81.5% and 92.5% compared with 2022, respectively. Conclusions:The disease burden of pancreatic cancer varies significantly among different regions, genders and ages. Pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality are positively correlated with HDI. The incidence and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer in China are close to the global average, but the number of new cases and deaths is high. Prevention and control should be strengthened to improve the survival of pancreatic cancer patients.

This review summarizes recent clinical progress in the field of lung cancer within the multidisciplinary team(MDT)diagnosis and treatment model across domestic and international studies.In the perioperative treatment of early-stage resectable non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC),the"sandwich"strategy combining preoperative neoadjuvant therapy with postoperative adjuvant therapy has demonstrat-ed significant survival benefits for patients.Notably,domestic toripalimab combined chemotherapy significantly increases the major patho-logic response(MPR)rate and event-free survival(EFS)rate of resectable stage Ⅲ NSCLC patients,emerging as a novel treatment regimen for perioperative NSCLC.For unresctable NSCLC patients,consolidative therapy combined with osimertinib,a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor,following radical chemotherapy has significantly extended progression free survival,filling the gap in targeted therapy for stage Ⅲ lung cancer.Furthermore,the combination of immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic agents has ef-fectively improved the overall survival of advanced NSCLC patients.Significant progress has also been made in the field of antibody-drug conjugates,with agents such as sacituzumab and trastuzumab demonstrating substantial therapeutic efficacy.In the field of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer(ES-SCLC),the bispecific antibody tarlatamab targeting Delta-like ligand 3(DLL3)and cluster of differentiation 3(CD3)has exhibited significant efficacy,and has received accelerated approval from U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)as a sec-ond-line treatment for ES-SCLC.

This review summarizes recent clinical progress in the field of lung cancer within the multidisciplinary team(MDT)diagnosis and treatment model across domestic and international studies.In the perioperative treatment of early-stage resectable non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC),the"sandwich"strategy combining preoperative neoadjuvant therapy with postoperative adjuvant therapy has demonstrat-ed significant survival benefits for patients.Notably,domestic toripalimab combined chemotherapy significantly increases the major patho-logic response(MPR)rate and event-free survival(EFS)rate of resectable stage Ⅲ NSCLC patients,emerging as a novel treatment regimen for perioperative NSCLC.For unresctable NSCLC patients,consolidative therapy combined with osimertinib,a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor,following radical chemotherapy has significantly extended progression free survival,filling the gap in targeted therapy for stage Ⅲ lung cancer.Furthermore,the combination of immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic agents has ef-fectively improved the overall survival of advanced NSCLC patients.Significant progress has also been made in the field of antibody-drug conjugates,with agents such as sacituzumab and trastuzumab demonstrating substantial therapeutic efficacy.In the field of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer(ES-SCLC),the bispecific antibody tarlatamab targeting Delta-like ligand 3(DLL3)and cluster of differentiation 3(CD3)has exhibited significant efficacy,and has received accelerated approval from U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)as a sec-ond-line treatment for ES-SCLC.

Objective:To investigate the alterations in voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) of brain regions, association loop connectivity, and white matter microstructure in patients with white matter hyperintensities (WMH) of presumed vascular origin, and analyze the pathological basis of cognitive impairment in WMH patients.Methods:A prospective study was performed; 75 WMH patients (WMH group) admitted to Jiangsu Shengze Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from January 2023 to September 2024 and 67 volunteers without obvious brain diseases (control group) recruited during the same period were enrolled. General data of these participants, and scores of neuropsychological scales such as mini-mental state examination (MMSE), frontal assessment battery (FAB), and trail making test (TMT) were compared between the two groups. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data of all participants were collected; rs-fMRI data were then analyzed using VMHC algorithm to calculate and conform the brain regions with significantly different VMHC between the two groups, and these regions were used as seed points to perform functional connectivity with the whole brain; Pearson correlation analyses of VMHC and functional connectivity in these brain regions with scores of neuropsychological scales were performed. DTI data were processed using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) method to calculate and conform the brain regions with significantly different diffusion parameters of fiber tracts between the two groups; Pearson correlation analyses of diffusion parameters of the fiber tracts in these brain regions with scores of neuropsychological scales were performed.Results:(1) Comparison of general data and neuropsychological scale scores: proportion of participants with hypertension history was significantly different between the two groups ( P<0.05); scores of TMT-A, TMT-B, and Stroop C scales in the WMH group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). (2) Comparison of VMHC and seed point functional connectivity: compared with that in the control group, the VMHC in bilateral middle occipital gyrus, visual cortex, medial occipitotemporal gyrus, insula, and postcentral gyrus of the WMH group were statistically lower ( P<0.05). Compared with that in the control group, functional connectivity of right visual cortex with right middle temporal gyrus, bilateral precuneus, and right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus in the WMH group was significantly weakened, and functional connectivity of right postcentral gyrus with right medial occipitotemporal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, left visual cortex, and left postcentral gyrus was statistically weakened ( P<0.05). In the WMH group, the VMHC of bilateral insula was negatively correlated with TMT-B score ( r=-0.381, P<0.001), and functional connectivity between right visual cortex and right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus was negatively correlated with Stroop C score ( r=-0.401, P<0.001). (3) TBSS results: the diffusion parameters of the anterior corona radiata, superior corona radiata, corpus callosum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and posterior thalamic radiation were statistically significant between the two groups ( P<0.05). In the WMH group, the fractional anisotropy in the genu of the corpus callosum was positively correlated with Stroop C score ( r=0.426, P<0.001), radial diffusivity was negatively correlated with Stroop C score ( r=-0.376, P<0.001), and mean diffusivity of the left anterior corona radiata was negatively correlated with TMT-A score ( r=-0.443, P<0.001). Conclusion:WMH patients have decreased coordination in homotopic brain regions and weakened functional connectivity of association loops, with widely distributed white matter microstructure damages, which may be involved in the neuropathological process of cognitive impairment.

[Purpose]To analyze the incidence,mortality and trends of bladder cancer worldwide and in China in 2022.[Methods]The incidence and mortality data of bladder cancer were ob-tained from the GLOBOCAN 2022 database by geographical regions,sex,age,and human deve-lopment index(HDI).The crude incidence/mortality rate,age-standardized incidence/mortality rate(ASIR/ASMR)of bladder cancer were calculated.Simple linear regression and Spearman's correla-tion test were used to analyze the correlation between the HDI and ASIR/ASMR,the trends of in-cidence and projection in 2050 were estimated.[Results]In 2022,the estimated numbers of new cases and deaths of bladder cancer worldwide were 614 298 and 220 596,respectively,with ASIR and ASMR of 5.6/105 and 1.8/105.ASIR and ASMR in Europe were the highest,with 12.0/105 and 3.0/105,respectively.The ASIR and ASMR for males were higher than those for females,and increased rapidly after 40 years old of age.A positive correlation was observed between HDI levels and ASIR and ASMR of bladder cancer(r=0.670 and 0.434,respectively,both P＜0.001).It was projected that the global incidence and mortality of bladder cancer would reach 1.229 million and 0.494 million by 2050,and 0.176 million and 0.103 million for China,respectively.[Conclusion]The incidence and mortality of bladder cancer varies significantly among different region,sex,age and HDI levels worldwide.With the population aging and the industrialization accelerating,the risk of bladder cancer in China has been increasing.The prevention and control efforts for bladder cancer should be further strengthened.