In light of the scarcity of freshwater resources and challenges in ensuring potable water supply at naval stations,the entire process of drinking water supply at a naval station was comprehensively investigated by field surveys and inquiries.The drinking water supply of the naval station was significantly affected by low and high water periods,and the water quality was poor.The water purification was insufficient.The freshwater collected through groundwater or rainwater had a poor taste,which resulted in a low level of satisfaction among officers and soldiers.In consideration of the meteorological characteristics and water resources utilization status at the island observation station,this study presents recommendations for enhancing the drinking water supply for officers and soldiers stationed there.Furthermore,this study discusses the feasibility of implementing air-to-water production technology to improve the quality of drinking water at the naval island stations,thereby safeguarding personnel health and maintaining combat effectiveness.

Objective:To explore the occurrence, influencing factors, and predictive biomarkers of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in malignant tumor patients treated with tislelizumab.Methods:The electronic medical records of adult patients with malignant tumors, who received tislelizumab for at least one cycle from June 2020 to June 2023 at Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, were collected, and the occurrence and clinical characteristics of irAEs were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into irAEs group and non-irAEs group according to whether they had irAEs. The clinical characteristics and detection value of biomarkers in patients of the 2 groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of irAEs in patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to find the cutoff point of the biomarkers for predicting the irAEs.Results:A total of 107 patients were entered, including 81 males (75.7%) and 26 females (24.3%), aged (61±15) years. Among them, 25 patients (23.4%) were diagnosed with tislelizumab-related irAEs, of which 6 patients (5.6%) had irAEs with a severity of grade 3 and above. A total of 28 irAEs occurred in the 25 patients, including 9 cases of thyroid dysfunction, 4 cases of immune-related enteritis, 4 cases of rashes, 3 cases of immune-related pneumonitis, 3 cases of kidney injury, 3 cases of liver injury, 1 case of immune-related myositis, and 1 case of hypertension. The median treatment cycle from the start of tislelizumab to the occurrence of irAEs was 3 (1, 5) cycles. After discontinuation of tislelizumab and/or glucocorticoids and symptomatic treatments, all 25 patients were improved. No deaths occurred due to irAEs. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLP) at baseline was a protective factor for irAEs [odds ratio ( OR)=0.453, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 0.279-0.735, P=0.001], while a high platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) at baseline was a risk factor ( OR=1.006, 95% CI: 1.002-1.011, P=0.008). The ROC curve analysis results showed that the cutoff points of NLR and PLR at baseline for predicting the occurrence of irAEs were 1.58 (sensitivity: 0.988; specificity: 0.644) and 159.40 (sensitivity: 0.800; specificity: 0.524), respectively. Conclusions:The incidence of irAEs in the tislelizumab treatment for adult malignant tumors was 23.4%. Thyroid dysfunction is most common and attentions should also be paid to immune-related enteritis, rashes, immune-related pneumonitis, kidney injury, and liver injury. Baseline levels of NLR and PLR may be biomarkers for predicting irAEs.

Objective:To explore the occurrence, influencing factors, and predictive biomarkers of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in malignant tumor patients treated with tislelizumab.Methods:The electronic medical records of adult patients with malignant tumors, who received tislelizumab for at least one cycle from June 2020 to June 2023 at Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, were collected, and the occurrence and clinical characteristics of irAEs were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into irAEs group and non-irAEs group according to whether they had irAEs. The clinical characteristics and detection value of biomarkers in patients of the 2 groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of irAEs in patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to find the cutoff point of the biomarkers for predicting the irAEs.Results:A total of 107 patients were entered, including 81 males (75.7%) and 26 females (24.3%), aged (61±15) years. Among them, 25 patients (23.4%) were diagnosed with tislelizumab-related irAEs, of which 6 patients (5.6%) had irAEs with a severity of grade 3 and above. A total of 28 irAEs occurred in the 25 patients, including 9 cases of thyroid dysfunction, 4 cases of immune-related enteritis, 4 cases of rashes, 3 cases of immune-related pneumonitis, 3 cases of kidney injury, 3 cases of liver injury, 1 case of immune-related myositis, and 1 case of hypertension. The median treatment cycle from the start of tislelizumab to the occurrence of irAEs was 3 (1, 5) cycles. After discontinuation of tislelizumab and/or glucocorticoids and symptomatic treatments, all 25 patients were improved. No deaths occurred due to irAEs. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLP) at baseline was a protective factor for irAEs [odds ratio ( OR)=0.453, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 0.279-0.735, P=0.001], while a high platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) at baseline was a risk factor ( OR=1.006, 95% CI: 1.002-1.011, P=0.008). The ROC curve analysis results showed that the cutoff points of NLR and PLR at baseline for predicting the occurrence of irAEs were 1.58 (sensitivity: 0.988; specificity: 0.644) and 159.40 (sensitivity: 0.800; specificity: 0.524), respectively. Conclusions:The incidence of irAEs in the tislelizumab treatment for adult malignant tumors was 23.4%. Thyroid dysfunction is most common and attentions should also be paid to immune-related enteritis, rashes, immune-related pneumonitis, kidney injury, and liver injury. Baseline levels of NLR and PLR may be biomarkers for predicting irAEs.

Central nervous system (CNS) injuries, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury, are essential causes of death and long-term disability and are difficult to cure, mainly due to the limited neuron regeneration and the glial scar formation. Herein, we apply extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by M2 microglia to improve the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) at the injured site, and simultaneously modify them with the injured vascular targeting peptide (DA7R) and the stem cell recruiting factor (SDF-1) on their surface via copper-free click chemistry to recruit NSCs, inducing their neuronal differentiation, and serving as the nanocarriers at the injured site (Dual-EV). Results prove that the Dual-EV could target human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), recruit NSCs, and promote the neuronal differentiation of NSCs in vitro. Furthermore, 10 miRNAs are found to be upregulated in Dual-M2-EVs compared to Dual-M0-EVs via bioinformatic analysis, and further NSC differentiation experiment by flow cytometry reveals that among these miRNAs, miR30b-3p, miR-222-3p, miR-129-5p, and miR-155-5p may exert effect of inducing NSC to differentiate into neurons. In vivo experiments show that Dual-EV nanocarriers achieve improved accumulation in the ischemic area of stroke model mice, potentiate NSCs recruitment, and increase neurogenesis. This work provides new insights for the treatment of neuronal regeneration after CNS injuries as well as endogenous stem cells, and the click chemistry EV/peptide/chemokine and related nanocarriers for improving human health.

Cell membrane affinity chromatography has been widely applied in membrane protein (MP)-targeted drug screening and interaction analysis. However, in current methods, the MP sources are derived from cell lines or recombinant protein expression, which are time-consuming for cell culture or purification, and also difficult to ensure the purity and consistent orientation of MPs in the chromatographic stationary phase. In this study, a novel in situ synthesis membrane protein affinity chromatography (iSMAC) method was developed utilizing cell-free protein expression (CFE) and covalent immobilized affinity chromatography, which achieved efficient in situ synthesis and unidirectional insertion of MPs into liposomes in the stationary phase. The advantages of iSMAC are: 1) There is no need to culture cells or prepare recombinant proteins; 2) Specific and purified MPs with stable and controllable content can be obtained within 2 h; 3) MPs maintain the transmembrane structure and a consistent orientation in the chromatographic stationary phase; 4) The flexible and personalized construction of cDNAs makes it possible to analyze drug binding sites. iSMAC was successfully applied to screen PDGFRβ inhibitors from Salvia miltiorrhiza and Schisandra chinensis. Micro columns prepared by in-situ synthesis maintain satisfactory analysis activity within 72 h. Two new PDGFRβ inhibitors, salvianolic acid B and gomisin D, were screened out with K _D values of 13.44 and 7.39 μmol/L, respectively. In vitro experiments confirmed that the two compounds decreased α-SMA and collagen Ӏ mRNA levels raised by TGF-β in HSC-T6 cells through regulating the phosphorylation of p38, AKT and ERK. In vivo, Sal B could also attenuate CCl₄-induced liver fibrosis by downregulating PDGFRβ downstream related protein levels. The iSMAC method can be applied to other general MPs, and provides a practical approach for the rapid preparation of MP-immobilized or other biological solid-phase materials.

Objective:To introduce the construction and practice of the Clinical Research Coordinator(CRC) management system based on the whole process of the clinical trial project in Ninth People′s Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.Methods:Constructed CRC management system with hospital features, including the management of admission, examination, training, emergency, and evaluation.Results:CRC management system was put into practice, and investigators, sponsors, and drug clinical trial institutions were highly satisfied with clinical trials using this system.Conclusions:With the gradual formation of CRC industry norms and consensus, the standardized management of CRC can promote the development of China′s pharmaceutical industry.

Objective To provide reference for anti-infection treatment and individual pharmaceutical care in patient on peritoneal dialysis. Methods The plasma concentration of vancomycin in patient on peritoneal dialysis was monitored by clinical pharmacists. The anti-infection treatment plan was evaluated and adjusted according to the bacterial culture and drug sensitivity results of the abdominal dialysis fluid. The adverse reactions of pancytopenia induced by vancomycin were documented. Results Infection in the patient on peritoneal dialysis was effectively controlled. The related indicators of pancytopenia were improved. Conclusion A case of pancytopenia induced by vancomycin in the patient on peritoneal dialysis was analyzed to get clinical staff's attention to this adverse reaction and improve the safety of vancomycin administration.

Lianhuaqingwen (LHQW) capsule, a herb medicine product, has been clinically proved to be effective in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia treatment. However, human exposure to LHQW components and their pharmacological effects remain largely unknown. Hence, this study aimed to determine human exposure to LHQW components and their anti-COVID-19 pharmacological activities. Analysis of LHQW component profiles in human plasma and urine after repeated therapeutic dosing was conducted using a combination of HRMS and an untargeted data-mining approach, leading to detection of 132 LHQW prototype and metabolite components, which were absorbed

COVID-19, an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread throughout the world. China has achieved rapid containment of this highly infectious disease following the principles of early detection, early quarantine and early treatment with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. The inclusion of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the Chinese protocol is based on its successful historic experience in fighting against pestilence. Current findings have shown that the Chinese medicine can reduce the incidence of severe or critical events, improve clinical recovery and help alleviate symptoms such as cough or fever. To date there are over 133 ongoing registered clinical studies on TCM/integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. The three Chinese patent medicines (/ (Forsythiae and Honeysuckle Flower Pestilence-Clearing Granules/Capsules), (Honeysuckle Flower Cold-Relieving Granules) and (Stasis-Resolving & Toxin-Removing) were officially approved by the National Medical Products Administration to list COVID-19 as an additional indication. The pharmacological studies have suggested that Chinese medicine is effective for COVID-19 probably through its host-directed regulation and certain antiviral effects.

Objective To prepare the etoposide chitosan micelle, and investigate the effect of chitosan on etoposide intestinal absorption.Methods The etoposide chitosan micelle was prepared by dialysis.The drug encapsulation efficiency and drug loading efficiency were determined by HPLC.The intestine in rats was cannulated for in situ recirculation.The effects of different chitosan doses on the intestinal drug absorption and the effects of chitosan on the drug absorption at different intestinal locations were studied.Results The average particle size of etoposide chitosan micelle was 139.5 nm.The multi-dispersion coefficient was 0.569.The standard curve of etoposide was A =8 436.8 C-4963.8,r=1.0000.The intra-and inter-day precision values meetthe requirement.The drug encapsulation efficiency was (47.3±2.84)% and drug loading efficiency was (1.10±1.27)%.With the increase of the chitosan concentration, the absorption capacity of the unit area in the whole intestine was increased in different degrees.Chitosan exhibits its effects on etoposide absorptionat different intestinal sections in the following order: ileum>jejunum>duodenum.Conclusion Chitosan promoted etoposide absorption induodenum, jejunum and ileum, especially in jejunum and ileum.