ObjectiveQi deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome is a common type of clinical traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） syndrome. However， there is no standard， scientific， and accurate report on the construction of animal models of Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome. This study aims to construct a mouse model of Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome by using a multi-factor composite modeling method and to evaluate the model. MethodsTwenty-one C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups with seven mice in each group， which were the normal group， model group， and Shenling Baizhusan （SLBZ） group. The control group was fed with ordinary diet and kept in a normal environment. The model group and SLBZ group were fed with a high-fat diet in a high-humidity environment. Swimming with heavy weights until exhaustion and gavage with cold water or lard were used to establish the mouse model of Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome. In order to test the syndrome by prescription， mice in the SLBZ group were treated with SLBZ for 14 days after model construction. The exhaustive swimming time， body weight， serum lipid levels， tongue changes， "Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness" assessment scale score， and cecal index of mice in each group were measured. The feces of each group of mice were sent for metagenomics and metabolome sequencing， and the changes in intestinal flora and metabolites were analyzed. ResultsAfter the modeling of Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome， the exhaustive swimming time of mice was obviously shortened （P<0.01）. The serum total cholesterol， low density lipoprotein cholesterol， and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol of mice were significantly increased （all P<0.01）. The tongue of mice was significantly different from that of the normal group， and the score of the assessment scale was significantly higher than that of the control group （P<0.01）. Cecal index decreased significantly （P<0.01）. The serum lipid level， tongue image， assessment scale score， and cecal index were reversed in the SLBZ group. Metagenomic and metabolome sequencing results showed that intestinal flora and fecal metabolites were significantly changed in mice with Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome. Akkermansia_muciniphila， Faecalibaculum_rodentium， Eubacterium_plexicaudatum， Eubacterium sp 14_2， Candida glabrata， Romboutsia_ilealis， Turicibacter sp TS3， and other bacteria had significant changes， and the expressions of intestinal metabolites such as chenodeoxycholic acid， choline， L-phenylalanine betaine， and 2-phenylbutyric acid were significantly changed. Related metabolic pathways such as linoleic acid metabolism， primary bile acid biosynthesis， lysine degradation， arginine biosynthesis， and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism were affected. ConclusionThe Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness model of mice can be constructed by the multi-factor composite modeling method of high-fat diet feeding， high-humidity environment feeding， exhaustive swimming with heavy weight， and intragastric administration with cold water or lard. The blood lipid level， tongue change， score of "Qi deficiency and phlegm dampness assessment scale"， cecal index， and changes in related intestinal flora and metabolites of mice can be used as key indicators for model evaluation.

Heart rate is a crucial indicator of human health with significant physiological importance. Traditional contact methods for measuring heart rate, such as electrocardiograph or wristbands, may not always meet the need for convenient health monitoring. Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) provides a non-contact method for measuring heart rate and other physiological indicators by analyzing blood volume pulse signals. This approach is non-invasive, does not require direct contact, and allows for long-term healthcare monitoring. Deep learning has emerged as a powerful tool for processing complex image and video data, and has been increasingly employed to extract heart rate signals remotely. This article reviewed the latest research advancements in rPPG-based heart rate measurement using deep learning, summarized available public datasets, and explored future research directions and potential advancements in non-contact heart rate measurement.
Humans ; Deep Learning ; Heart Rate/physiology* ; Photoplethysmography/methods* ; Video Recording ; Face ; Monitoring, Physiologic/methods* ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Objective To study the root canal morphology of permanent mandibular anterior teeth and explore its correlation with the occurrence of three-rooted mandibular molars using cone beam computed tomographic(CBCT)imaging.Methods CBCT image data of 200 subjects were randomly collected from dental clinics.The root canal morphology of the mandibular anterior teeth was identified and classified by Vertucci's classification,and the root length and labio-lingual dimension at the tooth neck level were measured.The occurrence of three-rooted mandibular first molars was examined as well.The concurrence rates of double-canaled anterior teeth and three-rooted mandibular first molars at each side,and concurrence rates of bilateral double-canaled anterior teeth and three-rooted man-dibular first molars were calculated.Spearman correlation tests were applied to analyze the correlation between the double-canaled ante-rior teeth and three-rooted mandibular first molars,as well as the bilateral antimetric teeth.Results The incidence of double-canaled system was 10.4％,18.6％and 6.5％in mandibular central incisors,lateral incisors and canines,respectively;the bilateral concur-rence rates were 5.7％,11.1％and 3.0％,respectively,and Spearman correlation coefficients(rho)were 0.487,0.505 and 0.440(P＜0.01),respectively;gender difference and side difference were not detected(P＞0.05).The frequency of three-rooted mandibular first molars was 24.6％;gender difference was not detected(P＞0.05),while the incidence was significantly higher at the right side(29.0％)than the left side(20.3％)(P＜0.05).The bilateral concurrence rate was 17.4％,and a moderate correlation was detected(rho=0.666,P＜0.01).The concurrence rates between the double-canaled anterior teeth and three-rooted mandibular first molars at each side were very low(2.6％-7.6％),and Spearman correlation tests demonstrated that no correlation(P＞0.05)could be detected between them.Conclusion The lateral incisors exhibited the highest incidence of two root canals among the mandibular anterior teeth.Ad-ditionally,there was no significant corr-elation between three-rooted mandibular first molars and double-canaled mandibular anterior teeth.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.06.016.].

Objective To investigate the effects of berberine on UCP2 expression and the mitochondrial dy-namics in skeletal muscle and kidney in mice with ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) of lower limb.Methods Thirty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into the negative control group,the positive control group,and low,medium and high doses berberine intervention groups.The mice in all experimental groups constructed the ischemia reperfusion injury model of lower limbs by tourniquet,different doses of berberine solution were injected intraperitoneally for intervention,while the ischemia repeating supply group used normal saline for re-placement.The HE staining was used to detect the pathological conditions of skeletal muscle and kidney,PCR and Western blot were used to detect the gene and protein expression levels of UCP2,FIS1,DRP1,Mfn1 and Mfn2,and the changes of SOD,MDA and GSH were detected by kit.Results After IRI intervention in the both lower extremities,the inflammatory cell infiltration occurred in both skeletal muscle and kidney,and the cell structure of skeletal muscle showed the damage changes.Meanwhile,the gene and protein expressions lev-els of UCP2,FIS1 and DRP1 and the levels of GSH and SOD in skeletal muscle were significantly increased (P<0.05),while the gene and protein expression levels of Mfn1 and Mfn2 and the levels of MDA were signif-icantly decreased (P<0.05).The increase of UCP2 and DRP1 gene and protein expression levels in kidney was different (P<0.05).Berberine could up-regulate the UCP2 gene expression in skeletal muscle and the pro-tein expression in skeletal muscle (P<0.05).At the same time,DRP1 gene and protein were significantly inhibited in the kidney tissue (P<0.05),but which in skeletal muscle had no significant change.Conclusion IRI of skeletal muscle of lower extremity in mice leads to severe oxidative stress injury,mitochondrial dynamic imbalance and inflammatory damage of kidney in the injured parts.The therapeutic effect of berberine on skeletal muscle and kidney IRI may be achieved by inhibiting oxidative stress injury,in which its protective effect on kidney may also be related to inhibit the expression of DRP1 after UCP2 up-regulation,thus limit the mitochondrial fission and slow down the development of injury.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of Astragali Radix （AR）-Angelicae Sinensis Radix （ASR） drug pair on supplementing Qi and activating blood circulation in rats with Qi deficiency and blood stasis and provide a theoretical basis for clinical rational medication and identification and quality control of compound pharmacodynamic substances from the three aspects of characteristic map， identification of pharmacodynamic substances， and comparison of blood components. MethodHigh-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was employed to establish the fingerprint of AR∶ASR （3∶1）， and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS） was employed to analyze the ingredients of the decoction. Adult male Wistar rats with SPF grades were selected and randomly divided into a blank group， a model group， a 3∶1 group， and a 5∶1 group. The rat model of Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome was prepared by controlling food intake and swimming in cold water every day. In parallel， each group was given medicine （or water） once a day. The dose of drug groups was 10.2 g∙kg^-1， and the model group and blank group were given the same amount of distilled water for 15 d. Animal behavior， body weight， whole blood and plasma viscosity， thymus index， spleen index， the levels of adenosine triphosphate （ATP）， adenosine diphosphate（ADP）， von willebrand factor （vWF）， and ATP/ADP value in serum of rats were recorded. The morphology of vascular endothelium was observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and scanning electron microscopy. UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS was used to analyze prototype and metabolic components in serum. ResultThe fingerprint of AR-ASR drug pair （AR-ASR 3∶1） was established. UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS identified 49 chemical components in vitro and preliminarily identified 11 prototype components absorbed into blood in vivo. As compared with the blank group， the body mass decreased significantly （P<0.01）， the whole blood （high shear， middle shear， and low shear） viscosity and plasma viscosity were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the thymus index and spleen index decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）， serum ATP content decreased significantly （P<0.01）， ADP content increased significantly （P<0.01）， ATP/ADP value decreased significantly （P<0.01）， and vWF content increased significantly （P<0.01）. The results of HE staining and scanning electron microscopy showed that the vessels were partially damaged， showing the structural disorder of the intima， the bulge， defect， and roughness of the endothelium， and the obvious cell adhesion and migration in the model group. As compared with the model group， the body mass also increased significantly （P<0.01）. The results of whole blood and plasma viscosity showed that the whole blood low shear viscosity was significantly decreased in the 3∶1 group （P<0.05）. The results of thymus index and spleen index showed that 5∶1 group significantly increased the thymus index of rats （P<0.05）. The results of serum ATP and ADP levels showed that the 5∶1 group had more significant effects on ATP and ADP levels （P<0.05）， and both groups significantly reduced ATP/ADP values （P<0.01）. The results of serum vWF level showed that the vWF content in the 3∶1 group decreased significantly （P<0.05）. The results of HE staining and scanning electronic microscopy showed that the damage of vascular endothelium was improved in the treatment group and the structure of intima was neat. ConclusionAR-ASR drug pair can improve the macro and micro indexes of rats with qi deficiency and blood stasis in the 3∶1 and 5∶1 groups. Overall， the 5∶1 ratio has a better effect on supplementing Qi but 3∶1 ratio has a better effect on promoting blood circulation.

A protective device was designed that can be worn on the elderly, which consists of protective airbag, control box and protective mechanism. The combined acceleration, combined angular velocity and human posture angle are selected as the parameters to determine the fall, and the threshold algorithm and SVM algorithm are used to detect the fall. The protective mechanism is an inflatable device based on CO₂ compressed air cylinder, and the equal-width cam structure is applied to its transmission part to improve the puncture efficiency of the compressed gas cylinder. A fall experiment was designed to obtain the combined acceleration and angular velocity eigenvalues of fall actions (forward fall, backward fall and lateral fall) and daily activities (sitting-standing, walking, jogging and walking up and down stairs), showing that the specificity and sensitivity of the protection module reached 92.1% and 84.4% respectively, which verified the feasibility of the fall protection device.
Humans ; Aged ; Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Activities of Daily Living ; Wearable Electronic Devices ; Walking ; Acceleration ; Algorithms

The radial artery pulse wave contains a wealth of physiological and pathological information about the human body, and non-invasive studies of the radial artery pulse wave can assess arterial vascular elasticity in different age groups.The piezoelectric pulse wave transducers were used to non-invasively acquire radial artery pulse waves at different contact pressures in young and middle-aged and elderly populations. The radial artery waveforms were decomposed using a triangular blood flow model fitting method to obtain forward and reflected waves and calculate reflection parameters. Finally a correlation analysis and regression analysis of the contact pressure P_sensor with the reflection parameters was carried out. The results showed that the reflection parameters RM, RI and R_d had a strong negative correlation with P_sensor in both types of subjects, and the correlation coefficients and slopes of the regression curves were significantly different between the two types of subjects (P<0.05). Based on the results of this study, excessive contact pressure on the transducer should be avoided when detecting radial artery reflection waves in clinical practice. The results also show that the magnitude of the slope of the regression curve between the reflection parameters and the transducer contact pressure may be a potentially useful indicator for quantifying the elastic properties of the vessel.
Middle Aged ; Aged ; Humans ; Blood Pressure/physiology* ; Arteries ; Blood Flow Velocity/physiology* ; Elasticity ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Radial Artery/physiology*

Near-infrared (NIR)-light-triggered nanomedicine, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), is growing an attractive approach for cancer therapy due to its high spatiotemporal controllability and minimal invasion, but the tumor eradication is limited by the intrinsic anti-stress response of tumor cells. Herein, we fabricate a tumor-microenvironment responsive CRISPR nanoplatform based on oxygen-deficient titania (TiO_2-x ) for mild NIR-phototherapy. In tumor microenvironment, the overexpressed hyaluronidase (HAase) and glutathione (GSH) can readily destroy hyaluronic acid (HA) and disulfide bond and releases the Cas9/sgRNA from TiO_2-x to target the stress alleviating regulators, i.e., nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and heat shock protein 90α (HSP90α), thereby reducing the stress tolerance of tumor cells. Under subsequent NIR light illumination, the TiO_2-x demonstrates a higher anticancer effect both in vitro and in vivo. This strategy not only provides a promising modality to kills cancer cells in a minimal side-effects manner by interrupting anti-stress pathways but also proposes a general approach to achieve controllable gene editing in tumor region without unwanted genetic mutation in normal environments.

Objective:To assess the feasibility of free-handed conical craniotomy and drainage guided by novel 16-slice mobile CT-assisted surface projection in patients with supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), and to evaluate the accuracy of catheter placement.Methods:Fifty-two sICH patients received free-handed conical craniotomy and drainage guided by novel 16-slice mobile CT-assisted surface projection in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were chosen (free-handed conical craniotomy group); 30 sICH patients received frameless stereotactic puncture and drainage at the same time period were selected (stereotactic puncture group). The clinical data of these patients were retrospectively analyzed. The CT results were analyzed, and differences of relative error (RE) as the indicator of catheter placement accuracy were compared between the two groups.Results:Mobile CT was successfully performed in all patients from free-handed conical craniotomy group, and sufficient information was provided for surface projection in all patients. The percentages of patients with satisfactory results of catheter placement (RE<1) in the free-handed conical craniotomy group and stereotactic puncture group were 92.3% and 90.0%; one patients from the free-handed conical craniotomy group had repeated puncture. There was no significant difference in postoperative RE between the two groups (0.52±0.33 vs. 0.53±0.29, P>0.05). Subgroup analysis of different hematoma locations and volumes also showed no statistically significant difference in postoperative RE ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Free-handed conical craniotomy and drainage guided by novel 16-slice mobile CT-assisted surface projection is feasible in sICH patients, and the accuracy of catheter placement is similar with frameless stereotactic puncture and drainage.