Objective: To explore the mechanism of action of Zangjiangzhi capsule (ZJZC) in treating hyperlipidemia (HLP). Methods: The components of ZJZC were analyzed and identified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with Q-Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS/MS). Network pharmacology analysis was used to explore the mechanism of action of ZJZC in HLP treatment. The SwissTargetPrediction database was used to predict compound targets, and GeneCards, DisGeNet, OMIM, and DRUGBANK databases were used to identify HLP-related targets. Protein–protein interaction diagrams were constructed using the STRING database. The targets were subjected to gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. The “herb-ingredient-target” network was visualized using Cytoscape. Preliminary validation was performed using molecular docking and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Ninety compounds were identified in ZJZC, including 34 flavonoids, 12 phenols, 10 terpenoids, 10 alkaloids, 8 organic acids, 8 anthraquinones, and 9 other compounds. In total, 904 targets were identified for these compounds. Among them, 158 targets intersected with the HLP target network. Network pharmacology analysis showed that MAPK1, PPAR-α, RXRA, HSP90AA1, PIK3R1, AKT1, PIK3CA, IL6, TNF, and ESR1 are the key targets of action. KEGG enrichment analysis identified 164 pathways. Among these, the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, lipid and atherosclerosis pathways, regulation of lipids in adipocytes, and insulin resistance are related to HLP. Molecular docking showed good affinity between the key targets and ingredients. Further, ZJZC treatment in mice resulted in lower expression of MAPK1 protein and increased expression of PPAR-α protein, which have been shown to be strongly associated with HLP. Conclusions This study showed that ZJZC contains various active ingredients and can modulate multiple targets and pathways associated with HLP, providing evidence at the molecular level for its clinical application in the treatment of HLP.

BACKGROUND:Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes may play a crucial role in tissue damage repair,and miRNA is an important component of exosomes for therapeutic effects.Among them,miR-29b-3p has the effect of reducing cell apoptosis,promoting axonal regeneration,and angiogenesis. OBJECTIVE:To study the protective effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome via miR-29b-3p on a neural cell injury model simulated by H2O2-treated PC12 cells,and explore the relevant mechanisms. METHODS:(1)First,the collagenase digestion method was used to extract rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were transfected with miR-29b-3p mimics and inhibitors.Exosomes were extracted from the culture supernatant by ultracentrifugation and identified so as to construct adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes with high expression and knockdown miR-29b-3p.(2)By constructing a neural cell injury model simulated by PC12 cells treated with H2O2,the relevant mechanisms of the protective effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome via miR-29b-3p on the simulated neuronal cell injury model were studied. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome had a typical cup-shaped shape and a diameter distribution in the range of 50-140 nm,expressed membrane proteins Alix,CD63,and TSG101,which were specific markers on the surface of exosomes,and could be successfully ingested by PC12 cells.(2)Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome pretreatment could reduce cell apoptosis induced by H2O2 treatment in PC12 cells,and this protective effect was enhanced with the increase of miR-29b-3p expression in the exosomes and weakened with the decrease of miR-29b-3p expression in the exosomes.The mechanism of its effect was related to adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome via miR-29b-3p promoting the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and inhibiting the expression of apoptotic protein Bax.

With the progress of targeted therapy and immunotherapy for lung cancer, the clinical demand for lung biopsy is increasing. An ideal biopsy specimen can be used not only for histopathological diagnosis, but also for biomarker detection. The ideal biopsy specimen should meet two requirements, including more than 60 mm2 of tumor tissue and containing more than 20% of tumor cells. In order to obtain ideal lung cancer biopsy specimens, advanced imaging techniques are needed to help. In this article, we reviewed the requirements for biopsy specimens based on biomarker detection, as well as the current status and research progress of using imaging techniques for preoperative planning and intraoperative real time guidance of lung cancer biopsy.
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Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Biopsy ; Biomarkers ; Immunotherapy

Objective:To explore the relationship among maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max), heart rate recovery after exercise (HRR) and anti-G ability of fighter pilots. Methods:A total of 90 fighter pilots were selected by cluster sampling method, and the +G z tolerance that devoted by anti-G staining manoeuvre performing was predicted by anti-G and anti-hypoxia ability detector and G tolerance empirical formula. The values of VO 2max and HRR were collected under 25 W/min power increasing rate scheme. According to the level of VO 2max, pilots were divided into 3 groups: low level (the bottom third), intermediate level (the middle third) and high level (the top third). The differences of HRR value and +G z tolerance increment among the first, second and third minutes after exercise were compared among the pilots of different level of VO 2max. The correlation among the values of HRR, VO 2max and +G z tolerance increment were analyzed. Results:There were significant differences in the values of HRR and +G z tolerance increment at the second and the third minutes of exercise among the pilots with different VO 2max levels in 3 groups ( F=7.65, 10.64, 10.28, all P≤0.001). There was no obvious correlation between the values of HRR, VO 2max and +G z tolerance increment at the first minute after exercise ( r=0.020, -0.017, P=0.852, 0.871). The value of HRR at the second minute after exercise was positively correlated with VO 2max ( r=0.288, P=0.006), but not obviously with the +G z tolerance increment ( r=-0.017, P=0.150). The value of HRR value at the third minute was positively correlated with the increase of VO 2max and +G z tolerance increment ( r=0.433, 0.240, P<0.001, =0.023). VO 2max was positively correlated with the increase of +G z tolerance increment ( r=0.436, P<0.001). Conclusions:The increase of pilots′ VO 2max is conducive to the improvement of anti-G ability. The value of HRR at the third minute after exercise can be used as a sensitive monitoring index to predict pilot′s G-tolerance.

Objective:To explore the relationship between neck muscle strength and elastic strain of flying personnel by comparing the changes of neck muscle elastic strain values and neck muscle strength before and after neck muscle training in flying personnel with neck pain.Methods:By using CME-1 neck muscle strength trainer, 56 flying personnel were trained under isometric and changeable velocity and resistant (CVR) training mode for 2 weeks. The neck muscle strength and neck muscle elastic strain values before and after training were compared.Results:The elastic strain values of longus colli, splenius capitis and levator scapula were significantly increased by neck muscle training ( t=4.154, 2.348, 2.745, P<0.001, P=0.040, 0.006). The relative growth rate of the average elastic strain values of longus colli, splenius capitis and levator scapula after training was 13.75%, 4.18% and 2.8%, respectively. After neck muscle training, the average maximum neck muscle strength and average 10 s maximum impulse in the directions of forward flexion, backward extension, left flexion and right flexion were higher than those before training, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=3.364-8.284, all P<0.01); The relative growth rate of the average maximum neck muscle strength in each direction was 39.3%, 34.6%, 35.2% and 28.4%, respectively, and the relative growth rate of the average 10 s maximum impulse was 51.4%, 33.6%, 42.7% and 34.5%, respectively. The elastic strain values of levator scapula and longus colli were negatively correlated with the average maximum muscle strength of anterior flexor ( r=-0.281, -0.387, P=0.036, 0.004). Conclusions:Neck muscle training can effectively improve the strength of neck muscle groups and the elastic strain of some muscle groups. The elastic strain values of levator scapula and longus colli are negatively correlated with the average maximum muscle strength of anterior flexor, those suggesting that neck muscle training has a certain effect on enhancing the activity of anterior flexor muscle groups and maintaining the physiological lordosis of cervical spine.

Objective:To explore the relationship between neck muscle strength and elastic strain of flying personnel by comparing the changes of neck muscle elastic strain values and neck muscle strength before and after neck muscle training in flying personnel with neck pain.Methods:By using CME-1 neck muscle strength trainer, 56 flying personnel were trained under isometric and changeable velocity and resistant (CVR) training mode for 2 weeks. The neck muscle strength and neck muscle elastic strain values before and after training were compared.Results:The elastic strain values of longus colli, splenius capitis and levator scapula were significantly increased by neck muscle training ( t=4.154, 2.348, 2.745, P<0.001, P=0.040, 0.006). The relative growth rate of the average elastic strain values of longus colli, splenius capitis and levator scapula after training was 13.75%, 4.18% and 2.8%, respectively. After neck muscle training, the average maximum neck muscle strength and average 10 s maximum impulse in the directions of forward flexion, backward extension, left flexion and right flexion were higher than those before training, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=3.364-8.284, all P<0.01); The relative growth rate of the average maximum neck muscle strength in each direction was 39.3%, 34.6%, 35.2% and 28.4%, respectively, and the relative growth rate of the average 10 s maximum impulse was 51.4%, 33.6%, 42.7% and 34.5%, respectively. The elastic strain values of levator scapula and longus colli were negatively correlated with the average maximum muscle strength of anterior flexor ( r=-0.281, -0.387, P=0.036, 0.004). Conclusions:Neck muscle training can effectively improve the strength of neck muscle groups and the elastic strain of some muscle groups. The elastic strain values of levator scapula and longus colli are negatively correlated with the average maximum muscle strength of anterior flexor, those suggesting that neck muscle training has a certain effect on enhancing the activity of anterior flexor muscle groups and maintaining the physiological lordosis of cervical spine.

Objective:To explore the relationship among maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max), heart rate recovery after exercise (HRR) and anti-G ability of fighter pilots. Methods:A total of 90 fighter pilots were selected by cluster sampling method, and the +G z tolerance that devoted by anti-G staining manoeuvre performing was predicted by anti-G and anti-hypoxia ability detector and G tolerance empirical formula. The values of VO 2max and HRR were collected under 25 W/min power increasing rate scheme. According to the level of VO 2max, pilots were divided into 3 groups: low level (the bottom third), intermediate level (the middle third) and high level (the top third). The differences of HRR value and +G z tolerance increment among the first, second and third minutes after exercise were compared among the pilots of different level of VO 2max. The correlation among the values of HRR, VO 2max and +G z tolerance increment were analyzed. Results:There were significant differences in the values of HRR and +G z tolerance increment at the second and the third minutes of exercise among the pilots with different VO 2max levels in 3 groups ( F=7.65, 10.64, 10.28, all P≤0.001). There was no obvious correlation between the values of HRR, VO 2max and +G z tolerance increment at the first minute after exercise ( r=0.020, -0.017, P=0.852, 0.871). The value of HRR at the second minute after exercise was positively correlated with VO 2max ( r=0.288, P=0.006), but not obviously with the +G z tolerance increment ( r=-0.017, P=0.150). The value of HRR value at the third minute was positively correlated with the increase of VO 2max and +G z tolerance increment ( r=0.433, 0.240, P<0.001, =0.023). VO 2max was positively correlated with the increase of +G z tolerance increment ( r=0.436, P<0.001). Conclusions:The increase of pilots′ VO 2max is conducive to the improvement of anti-G ability. The value of HRR at the third minute after exercise can be used as a sensitive monitoring index to predict pilot′s G-tolerance.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the most common neoplasmas with a poor prognosis and a low 5-year survival rate. Early screening is an important measure for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer. At present, different countries have issued corresponding lung cancer screening guidelines, but China still lacks guidelines based on Chinese population research. Therefore, the National Cancer Center launched a Multi-center Cancer Screening Program in Urban China. This study analyzed the evaluation of lung cancer risk assessment model and screening effect in urban China of Yunnan, so as to explore the evaluation model of high-risk lung cancer population suitable for China's national conditions and develop lung cancer screening guidelines for Chinese. METHODS: A questionnaire survey and lung cancer risk assessment were conducted on 165,337 people in 36 street offices in 4 main urban areas of Kunming, Yunnan Province, using cluster sampling method from January 2015 to December 2019. People with high-risk of lung cancer conducted low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening of chest. What's more, all participants were followed up by active or passive follow-up. RESULTS: There were 264 patients were diagnosed lung cancer by pathology, and the overall incidence of lung cancer was 0.16% (264/165,337). The high-risk group (0.31%, 116/37,914) was higher than the non-high-risk group (0.12%, 148/127,423), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The incidence of lung cancer in the high-risk group was higher than the non-high-risk group among the male, female, and lower 50-year-old or more than 50-year-old subgroups, with statistical differences (P<0.001), but there was no statistical difference in the group without LDCT screening (P=0.73). The sensitivity of the lung cancer high-risk population assessment model was 43.94% (116/264) and the specificity was 77.10% (127,275/165,073). The early diagnosis rate of the screening group was 72.97% (54/74), which was significantly higher than that of the non-screening group [28.48% (43/151)]. CONCLUSIONS The lung cancer high-risk population assessment model of National Key Public Health Program: Cancer Screening Program in Urban China can detect high-risk populations and improve the early diagnosis rate of lung cancer effectively.

Objective:To analyze the EGFR mutation profile of lung cancer patients in Yunnan, and to provide evidence for clinical personalized treatment.Methods:Demographic and clinical data of 2 967 lung cancer patients undergoing EGFR identification were collected and analyzed from January 2014 to August 2019 in Yunnan Cancer Hospital.Results:The proportion of EGFR mutation in 2 967 patients with lung cancer was 46.2%. Univariate analysis showed that the proportion of EGFR mutation in women was higher than that in men ( P<0.001) and displayed a downward trend with age ( P=0.03). The mutation rate of ethnic minorities was higher than Han ( P=0.012). Mutation rate in patients without smoking history was higher than those with smoking history ( P<0.001), and patients without drinking history was higher than patients with drinking history ( P<0.001). Mutation rate in patients without family history of lung cancer was higher than those with family history ( P=0.008). The mutation rate of adenocarcinoma was higher than other pathological types ( P<0.001). The mutation rate was different among stages, and it was higher in early patients than that in advanced patients ( P<0.001). The mutation rate of tissue specimens was higher than those of cytology and peripheral blood samples ( P<0.001). The mutation rate of Xuanwei area was lower than that in non-Xuanwei area ( P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that gender ( P<0.001), age ( P=0.036), smoking history ( P<0.001), pathological type ( P<0.001), specimen type ( P<0.001), and whether or not Xuanwei area ( P<0.001) were the independent factors of EGFR mutation.The EGFR mutation was more common in female, non-smokers, adenocarcinoma, non-Xuanwei area, tissue specimen and young lung cancer patients.The mutation types of EGFR in 1 370 cases mainly included 19-Del and L858R. The predominant mutation of EGFR in Xuanwei area was L858R, while in non-Xuanwei area was 19-Del.The mutation rates of G719X, G719X+ L861Q, G719X+ S768I, and S768I in Xuanwei were higher while the mutation rates of 19-Del, L858R, and 20-ins were lower than non-Xuanwei area ( P<0.05). The 19-Del mutation rate of ethnic minorities is higher than that of Han ( P<0.001). The combined mutation rate of G719X, L861Q in Han was higher than that of ethnic minorities ( P=0.005). Conclusions:The EGFR mutation rate in lung cancer patients in Yunnan is similar to Asian and Chinese, and higher in female, non-smokers, adenocarcinomas, young and non-Xuanwei area patients. The most common types of EGFR mutation in Yunnan are 19-Del and L858R. The predominant mutation of EGFR in Xuanwei area is L858R, while in non-Xuanwei area is 19-Del. The mutation rates of G719X, G719X+ L861Q, G719X+ S768I and S768I are higher in Xuanwei patients than those in non-Xuanwei patients. The combined mutation rate of G719X and L861Q in Han nationality is higher than that of ethnic minorities.

Objective:To analyze the expressions of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) driver genes and their mutation distribution characteristics in the Yunnan-Kweichow plateau, and to provide evidences for personalized molecular targeted therapy of lung cancer in high-incidence areas.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical records of patients with NSCLC who underwent combined lung cancer 8 gene detection, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), rat sarcoma viral oncogene (RAS), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), RET proto-oncogene (RET), v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (BRAF), ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2), and cellular-mesenchymal to epithelial transition factor (MET), from January 2016 to August 2019 in Yunnan Cancer Hospital. Besides, we analyzed the expressions of NSCLC driver genes and their mutation distributions.Results:The positive rate of NSCLC driver genes in Yunnan was 67.05%(1 508/2 249). The mutation rates in Xishuangbanna (76.92%), Yuxi (72.38%), Xuanwei (71.88%), Qujing (71.24%), and Honghe (71.79%) were significantly higher than other areas. The mutation rates of Hui (84.38%), Hani (85.00%), Zhuang (75.00%), Buyi (100%), Manchu (100%), Tujia (100%) and Achang (100%) are significantly higher than the minority national average. Driver gene mutations were related to gender ( P<0.001), smoking history ( P<0.001), age ( P<0.001), pathological type ( P<0.001), and whether the Xuanwei area ( P=0.027), but not related to the nationality ( P=0.748) and family history of lung cancer ( P=0.676). The mutation rates of EGFR, RAS, BRAF, HER-2 and MET genes were 44.46%, 10.98%, 1.24%, 0.89% and 0.76%, and the rearrangement rates of ALK, RET and ROS1 genes were 4.67%, 1.29% and 0.89%, respectively.The mutation rate of EGFR in females was 56.67%, which was higher than 33.19% in males ( P<0.001). The mutation rate of RAS in males was 12.66%, which was higher than 9.17% in females ( P=0.010). The mutation rate of RAS in the Han was 11.49%, which was higher than 7.17% in the minority ( P=0.032). The rate of RAS mutation in Xuanwei patients was 24.74%, significantly higher than 8.15% in non-Xuanwei area ( P<0.001), and the EGFR mutation rate was 40.63%, which was lower than 45.25% in non-Xuanwei area ( P=0.045). The rate of ALK rearrangement in Xuanwei patients was 1.56%, which was significantly lower than 5.31% in the non-Xuanwei area ( P<0.001), and no HER-2 mutation patients were detected in Xuanwei area. The mutation rate of EGFR in patients with non-smoking history was 51.10%, significantly higher than 29.70% of patients with smoking history ( P<0.001). Meanwhile, the rate of ALK rearrangement with non-smoking history patients was 5.35%, which was also higher than 3.16% of patients with smoking history ( P<0.001). The rate of RAS mutation in patients with non-smoking history was 9.34%, lower than 14.63% of patients with smoking history ( P=0.008). Conclusions:The positive rate of driven gene expression in NSCLC patients from the Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau is slightly lower than the national average. The rates of EGFR and RAS mutations are similar to the domestic average. The rates of ROS1, ALK and RET genes rearrangements and the rates of BRAF, HER2 and MET gene mutations are slightly lower than the national average. EGFR, RAS and ALK genes in the NSCLC patients from Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau have high positive rates, and display different demographic and clinical characteristics, which are of great significance in the selection of targeted therapy populations.