AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 3% diquafosol sodium eye drops in children wearing orthokeratology lenses and with dry eye disease(DED)or at risk of DED.METHODS: Randomized controlled trials. Children with DED or at risk of DED were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either 3% diquafosol sodium eye drops 6 times daily or a blank control at Chongqing Aier Children's Eye Hospital from November 2023 to November 2024. The primary endpoint was the change in the Dry Eye Questionnaire-5(DEQ-5)score from baseline at 12 wk. Secondary assessments included non-invasive breakup time(NIBUT), tear meniscus height, Schirmer's test, corneal fluorescein staining score, and axial length.RESULTS: A total of 80 participants(80 eyes)were enrolled(40 in each group), the average age of the participants was 11.11±1.88 years, with 43 females(54%)and 37 males(46%), and all completed the trial. After 12 wk, the DEQ-5 scores for the diquafosol sodium group and the blank control group were 1.88±2.02 and 2.88±2.79, respectively(P=0.079). The diquafosol sodium group demonstrated a significant improvement in DEQ-5 dryness symptom scores(-0.33±0.66 vs. 0.05±0.81, P=0.023)and NIBUT(6.18±3.73 vs. -1.09±4.40 s, P<0.001)at 12 wk. Additionally, the diquafosol sodium group showed no axial length elongation, in contrast to the blank control group, which exhibited elongation(0.00±0.08 vs. 0.05±0.10 mm, P=0.013). No other significant differences were found in the secondary endpoints. No adverse events occurred during the trial.CONCLUSION: Although no statistically significant improvements were noted in the overall DEQ-5 scores, the 3% diquafosol sodium eye drops significantly improved dryness symptoms and NIBUT when compared to the blank control group.

As the core vehicle for preserving and transmitting traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） academic thought and clinical experience， the establishment of a robust quality evaluation system for TCM clinical case reports is a crucial component in the current standardization and modernization of TCM. Based on the practical experience of constructing the China Clinical Cases Library of Traditional Chinese Medicine by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of critical challenges， including insufficient authenticity and unfocused evaluation criteria. It proposed a three-dimensional evaluation framework grounded in the structure-process-outcome logic， encompassing three dimensions of authenticity and standardization， characteristics and advantages， application and translational impact. This framework integrated 12 key evaluation indicators in a systematic manner. The model preserved the academic characteristics of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment， while aligning with modern scientific research standards， achieving a balance between individualized TCM experience and standardized evaluation. Concurrently， this study provided theoretical foundations and methodological guidance for evaluating the quality of TCM clinical cases， contributing significantly to the inheritance of TCM knowledge， evidence-based practice， and the reform of talent evaluation mechanisms.

Objective:To analyze the characteristic of ocular biological parameters of full-term newborns with highly myopic parents.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.A total of 120 newborns (120 eyes) who underwent fundus screening at Chongqing Aier Children's Eye Hospital between September 2021 and December 2023 were enrolled.Data from the right eye were included for analysis.The newborns were divided into two groups based on parental history of high myopia: parental high myopia group (at least one parent with high myopia) of 60 cases (60 eyes) and non-parental high myopia group of 60 cases (60 eyes).The parental high myopia group was further subdivided into two groups: both parents with high myopia group of 20 cases (20 eyes) and one parent with high myopia group of 40 cases (40 eyes).Additionally, the parents of newborns were divided into 3 groups based on parental spherical equivalent (SE): high myopia group of 80 cases (80 eyes), low-to-moderate myopia group of 68 cases (68 eyes) and emmetropia group of 92 cases (92 eyes).All newborns were examined within 28 days after birth.SE was calculated by cycloplegic retinoscopy to calculate.Keratometry was measured with a handheld autorefractor.Axial length (AL) was measured by A-scan ultrasonography.Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured with a handheld tonometer.For parents, refractive error was measured with a handheld autorefractor and IOP was measured with a handheld tonometer.Parental history of high myopia was recorded.SE, AL, mean keratometry, and IOP of newborns were compared between parental high myopia group and non-parental high myopia group, both parents with high myopia group and one parent with high myopia group.Correlation of the parameters were analyzed the and the differences in IOP between parents with different diopters were analyzed.Guardians were aware of the specific operating methods and significance of the examinations, and signed the informed consent form.This study complies with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Chongqing Aier Children's Eye Hospital.(No.2024-001-02)Results:The SE of newborns in the parental high myopia group was (+ 2.89±0.81)D, which was significantly lower than that (+ 3.86±0.85)D in the non-parental high myopia group ( t=4.347, P<0.001).The AL of newborns in the parental high myopia group was (17.17±0.41)mm, which was significantly longer than (16.78±0.42)mm in the non-parental high myopia group ( t=3.491, P=0.001).There was no significant difference in mean keratometry or IOP between the parental high myopia and non-parental high myopia groups ( t=0.404, 0.688; both P>0.05).For the parental high myopia group, newborns with both parents having high myopia had lower hyperopic refractive error and longer AL compared to those with only one parent having high myopia, showing statistically significant differences ( t=7.386, 6.203; both P<0.001).Pearson correlation analysis revealed that SE was negatively correlated with AL ( r=-0.868, P<0.001), and AL was positively correlated with gestational age, birth weight, and birth length ( r=0.864, 0.820, 0.874; all P<0.05).The mean IOP of parents in the high myopia, low-to-moderate myopia, and emmetropia groups were (16.45±0.67), (15.21±0.53), and (14.86±0.49)mmHg, respectively (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa), with a statistically significant overall difference ( F=2.764, P=0.021), and the high myopia group had higher IOP than the low-to-moderate myopia and emmetropia groups (both P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with newborns having non-high myopia parents, term newborns with highly myopic parents have a lower hyperopia reserve and a longer ocular axis.

Objective:To analyze the characteristic of ocular biological parameters of full-term newborns with highly myopic parents.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.A total of 120 newborns (120 eyes) who underwent fundus screening at Chongqing Aier Children's Eye Hospital between September 2021 and December 2023 were enrolled.Data from the right eye were included for analysis.The newborns were divided into two groups based on parental history of high myopia: parental high myopia group (at least one parent with high myopia) of 60 cases (60 eyes) and non-parental high myopia group of 60 cases (60 eyes).The parental high myopia group was further subdivided into two groups: both parents with high myopia group of 20 cases (20 eyes) and one parent with high myopia group of 40 cases (40 eyes).Additionally, the parents of newborns were divided into 3 groups based on parental spherical equivalent (SE): high myopia group of 80 cases (80 eyes), low-to-moderate myopia group of 68 cases (68 eyes) and emmetropia group of 92 cases (92 eyes).All newborns were examined within 28 days after birth.SE was calculated by cycloplegic retinoscopy to calculate.Keratometry was measured with a handheld autorefractor.Axial length (AL) was measured by A-scan ultrasonography.Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured with a handheld tonometer.For parents, refractive error was measured with a handheld autorefractor and IOP was measured with a handheld tonometer.Parental history of high myopia was recorded.SE, AL, mean keratometry, and IOP of newborns were compared between parental high myopia group and non-parental high myopia group, both parents with high myopia group and one parent with high myopia group.Correlation of the parameters were analyzed the and the differences in IOP between parents with different diopters were analyzed.Guardians were aware of the specific operating methods and significance of the examinations, and signed the informed consent form.This study complies with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Chongqing Aier Children's Eye Hospital.(No.2024-001-02)Results:The SE of newborns in the parental high myopia group was (+ 2.89±0.81)D, which was significantly lower than that (+ 3.86±0.85)D in the non-parental high myopia group ( t=4.347, P<0.001).The AL of newborns in the parental high myopia group was (17.17±0.41)mm, which was significantly longer than (16.78±0.42)mm in the non-parental high myopia group ( t=3.491, P=0.001).There was no significant difference in mean keratometry or IOP between the parental high myopia and non-parental high myopia groups ( t=0.404, 0.688; both P>0.05).For the parental high myopia group, newborns with both parents having high myopia had lower hyperopic refractive error and longer AL compared to those with only one parent having high myopia, showing statistically significant differences ( t=7.386, 6.203; both P<0.001).Pearson correlation analysis revealed that SE was negatively correlated with AL ( r=-0.868, P<0.001), and AL was positively correlated with gestational age, birth weight, and birth length ( r=0.864, 0.820, 0.874; all P<0.05).The mean IOP of parents in the high myopia, low-to-moderate myopia, and emmetropia groups were (16.45±0.67), (15.21±0.53), and (14.86±0.49)mmHg, respectively (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa), with a statistically significant overall difference ( F=2.764, P=0.021), and the high myopia group had higher IOP than the low-to-moderate myopia and emmetropia groups (both P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with newborns having non-high myopia parents, term newborns with highly myopic parents have a lower hyperopia reserve and a longer ocular axis.

Objective To examine the antiplatelet effect of ticagrelor by microfluidic chip and flow cytometry under shear stress in vitro. Methods Microfluidic chip was used to examine the effect of ticagrelor on platelet aggregation at the shear rates of 300/s and 1500/s.We adopted the surface coverage of platelet aggregation to calculate the half inhibition rate of ticagrelor.The inhibitory effect of ticagrelor on ADP-induced platelet aggregation was verified by optical turbidimetry.Microfluidic chip was used to construct an in vitro vascular stenosis model,with which the platelet reactivity under high shear rate was determined.Furthermore,the effect of ticagrelor on the expression of fibrinogen receptor (PAC-1) and P-selectin (CD62P) on platelet membrane activated by high shear rate was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results At the shear rates of 300/s and 1500/s,ticagrelor inhibited platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner,and the inhibition at 300/s was stronger than that at 1500/s (both P<0.001).Ticagrelor at a concentration ≥4 μmol/L almost completely inhibited platelet aggregation.The inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by ticagrelor was similar to the results under flow conditions and also in a concentration-dependent manner.Ticagrelor inhibited the expression of PAC-1 and CD62P. Conclusion We employed microfluidic chip to analyze platelet aggregation and flow cytometry to detect platelet activation,which can reveal the responses of different patients to ticagrelor.
Humans ; Ticagrelor/pharmacology* ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/pharmacology* ; Flow Cytometry/methods* ; Microfluidics ; Platelet Aggregation

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of gradient shear stress on platelet aggregation by microfluidic chip Technology. METHODS: Microfluidic chip was used to simulate 80% fixed stenotic microchannel, and the hydrodynamic behavior of the stenotic microchannel model was analyzed by the finite element analysis module of sollidwork software. Microfluidic chip was used to analyze the adhesion and aggregation behavior of platelets in patients with different diseases, and flow cytometry was used to detect expression of the platelet activation marker CD62p. Aspirin, Tirofiban and protocatechuic acid were used to treat the blood, and the adhesion and aggregation of platelets were observed by fluorescence microscope. RESULTS: The gradient fluid shear rate produced by the stenosis model of microfluidic chip could induce platelet aggregation, and the degree of platelet adhesion and aggregation increased with the increase of shear rate within a certain range of shear rate. The effect of platelet aggregation in patients with arterial thrombotic diseases were significantly higher than normal group (P<0.05), and the effect of platelet aggregation in patients with myelodysplastic disease was lower than normal group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The microfluidic chip analysis technology can accurately analyze and evaluate the platelet adhesion and aggregation effects of various thrombotic diseases unde the environment of the shear rate, and is helpful for auxiliary diagnosis of clinical thrombotic diseases.
Humans ; Microfluidics ; Platelet Adhesiveness ; Platelet Aggregation ; Blood Platelets/metabolism* ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/pharmacology* ; Platelet Activation/physiology* ; Thrombosis

Objective To observe the inhibitory effect of Tirofiban on different shear-induced platelet aggregation, and to provide medication suggestions for the treatment of thrombosis in different hemodynamic environment. Methods Polydimethylsiloxane ( PDMS)-glass microchannel chips were fabricated by soft lithography. The whole blood of healthy volunteers anticoagulated with sodium citrate was collected and incubated with different concentrations of Tirofiban in vitro. The blood flowed through the straight microchannel or channel with 80% narrow for 150 seconds at the speed of 11 μL/ min and 52 μL/ min, respectively. The wall shear stress rates in straight channel at 11 μL/ min and 52 μL/ min were 300 s-1 and 1 500 s-1, respectively. The maximum wall shear rates in the channel with 80% occlusion at 11 μL/ min and 52 μL/ min were 1 600 s-1 and 7 500 s-1, respectively. The adhesion and aggregation images of fluorescent labeled platelets on glass surface were photographed with the microscope, and the fluorescent images were analyzed with Image J. The platelet surface coverage ratio was used as a quantitative index of platelet aggregation behavior, and the IC50 of Tirofiban for platelet inhibition was calculated under different shear rates. Flow cytometry was used to detect the platelet activation index (CD62P, PAC-1) in the whole blood at 52 μL/ min in channel with 80% occlusion. Results Tirofiban inhibited platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner, and the inhibitory effect was related to the shear rate. Under the shear rates of 11 μL/ min and 52 μL/ min, the aggregation was almost completely inhibited when the concentration in straight channel reached 100 nmol / L. When the concentration in channels with 80% occlusion reached 1 μmol / L, the aggregation was almost completely inhibited. IC50 values at 11 μL/ min and 52 μL/ min in straight channel were 2. 3 nmol / L and 0. 5 nmol / L, respectively. IC50 values at 11 μL/ min and 52 μL/ min in channels with 80% occlusion were 20. 73 nmol / L and 4. 5 nmol / L. Pathologically high shearforce induced an increase in platelet activation, which could be inhibited by Tirofiban. Conclusions Tirofiban can effectively inhibit shear-induced platelet aggregation, and different concentrations of Tirofiban should be given according to the thrombus formed in different shear force environment in clinic practice

The current review gives a comprehensive overview of the recent development in Chinese medicine (CM) for treating several kinds of acquired nerve deafness and tinnitus, as well as links the traditional principle to well-established pharmacological mechanisms for future research. To date, about 24 herbal species and 40 related ingredients used in CM to treat hearing loss and tinnitus are reported for the treatment of endocochlear potential, endolymph growth, lowering toxic and provocative substance aggregation, inhibiting sensory cell death, and retaining sensory transfer. However, there are a few herbal species that can be used for medicinal purposes. Nevertheless, clinical studies have been hampered by a limited population sample, a deficiency of a suitable control research group, or contradictory results. Enhanced cochlear blood flow, antiinflammatory antioxidant, neuroprotective effects, and anti-apoptotic, as well as multi-target approach on different auditory sections of the inner ear, are all possible benefits of CM medications. There are numerous unknown natural products for aural ailment and tinnitus identified in CM that are expected to be examined in the future utilizing various aural ailment models and processes.
Humans ; Tinnitus/drug therapy* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Hearing Loss/drug therapy*

OBJECTIVE To study the mitigation effect and its possible mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide on the pulmonary hypertension induced by monocrotaline in rats. METHODS One hundred SD male rats were randomly divided into normal control group ，monocrotaline group ，A. membranaceus polysaccharide low-dose and high-dose groups. In addition to the normal control group, rats in other groups were injected with monocrotaline by single intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg. On days 2 to 28 after administration ，rats in the A. membranaceus polysaccharide low-dose and high-dose groups were intraperitoneally injected with A. membranaceus polysaccharide of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg，respectively，once a day. There were 25 rats in each group，and 15 rats were taken for index detection. The mean pulmonary artery pressure （mPAP）and right heart hypertrophy index （RVHI）were detected ，and morphology changes of pulmonary artery and cardiomyocytes were monitored . mRNA and protein expression of IL- 17 in their lung tissues were detected. RESULTS Compared with normal control group ，mPAP and RVHI of monocrotaline group and A. membranaceus polysaccharide groups were increased significantly （P＜0.01）；mRNA and protein expression of IL- 17 in lung tissues were significantly increased （P＜0.01），and there were obvious pathological changes in pulmonary artery and cardiomyocytes. Compared with monocrotaline group ，mPAP and RVHI were significantly decreased in A. membranaceus polysaccharide groups （P＜0.01），while mRNA and protein expression of IL- 17 in lung tissue were decreased significantly （P＜0.01）；pathological changes in pulmonary artery and cardiomyocytes were improved. Compared with A. membranaceus polysaccharide low-dose group ，above indexes and pathological changes were improved significantly in high-dose group. CONCLUSIONS A. membranaceus polysaccharide can reduce monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension ，improve pulmonary artery structure and myocardial remodeling in rats ， the mechanism of which is presumably related to the down-regulation of IL- 17 expression in lung tissue of rats.

【Objective】 To study the status and conduct effect evaluation of blood donation recruitment of blood services in Chongqing, and explore its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for the regional homogenization of blood services in Chongqing. 【Methods】 19 blood services in Chongqing were investigated by questionnaire in terms of the input in human resources and funds, recruitment methods, document construction and effect evaluation. The statistical analysis was conducted. 【Results】 The average number of blood donors per 1 000 population in 19 blood services in Chongqing was 9.35±3.35. Among the 19 blood services, blood inventory warning occurred in 18, 6 of them reached Level 2 and 1 of them was Level 1. The number of blood donations per 1 000 population in blood banks with no more than 5 recruits or with less than 100 000 yuan/year recruitment fund was significantly lower than that in blood banks with more than 5 recruits or with more than 100 000 yuan/year recruitment fund(P<0.05). SMS and telephone recruitment were most commonly used in blood donation recruitment. Most blood banks have established corresponding system documents, but only one has established the method to evaluate the effect of blood donation recruitment. 【Conclusion】 The number of blood donations per 1 000 population in 19 blood services in Chongqing varies greatly, and the pressure of blood inventory warning is widespread. The input of human resources and financial fund have a certain impact on the number of blood donations per 1000 population, but not the alone factor. The recruitment method is a little bit more on the traditional side, and the blood donation recruitment and efficacy evaluation is in lack of documentary supporting. Regional homogenization should be achieved by integrating the resources of blood services, establishing the document framework of blood donation recruitment and effect evaluation, clarifying the evaluation content and unifying the evaluation standard.