The collateral disease theory stands as one of the most instructive frameworks for elucidating the pathology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia （MPP）. Its characteristic pathological features—toxin damaging collaterals， dysfunction of Qi collaterals， and protracted illness involving collaterals—closely align with the manifestations of cytokine storms， immune dysregulation， and chronic damage induced by M. pneumoniae （MP）. Drug-resistant MP further exacerbates these manifestations and poses challenges in clinical treatment， making it essential to clarify the intrinsic relationship between the collateral disease theory and MPP. However， existing studies still lack relevant elaboration， resulting in a gap in guidance by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） theory in clinical practice. Considering the instructive， scientific， and necessary role of the collateral disease theory in MPP， this paper thoroughly elucidates the pathological manifestations of MPP and the core evolutionary characteristics of collateral damage， and further provides a scientific interpretation from the perspective of collateral disease on the clinical efficacy and mechanism of TCM treatment of MPP over the past five years. This review aims to reveal the intrinsic relationship between the collateral disease theory and MPP， enrich the scientific connotation of TCM theory， and bridge the gap in TCM theoretical guidance， thereby providing scientific research clues for TCM treatment of MPP.

In recent years, China has been facing the dual challenges of declining fertility rates and births, with male reproductive health issues, especially the decline in semen quality, identified as a pivotal contributor to this phenomenon. Meanwhile, accumulating evidence indicates that air pollutants, an increasingly severe environmental problem, can damage semen quality not only directly through their biological toxicity but also indirectly by disrupting the composition of microbial communities in the gut and semen, thereby dysregulating immune function, endocrine homeostasis, and oxidative stress responses. The gut microbiota and semen microbiota, as important components of the human microecosystem, play crucial roles in maintaining reproductive health. This article comprehensively reviewed the research progress on the potential effects of air pollutants (particulate matter and gaseous pollutants), gut microbiota, and semen microbiota on semen quality. Specifically, it elucidated the mechanisms of interaction between these factors and explored how they affect male fertility.

Peri-implant keratinized mucosa (PIKM) augmentation refers to surgical procedures aimed at increasing the width of PIKM. Consensus reports emphasize the necessity of maintaining a minimum width of PIKM to ensure long-term peri-implant health. Currently, several surgical techniques have been validated for their effectiveness in increasing PIKM. However, the selection and application of PIKM augmentation methods may present challenges for dental practitioners due to heterogeneity in surgical techniques, variations in clinical scenarios, and anatomical differences. Therefore, clear guidelines and considerations for PIKM augmentation are needed. This expert consensus focuses on the commonly employed surgical techniques for PIKM augmentation and the factors influencing their selection at second-stage surgery. It aims to establish a standardized framework for assessing, planning, and executing PIKM augmentation procedures, with the goal of offering evidence-based guidance to enhance the predictability and success of PIKM augmentation.
Humans ; Consensus ; Dental Implants ; Mouth Mucosa/surgery* ; Keratins

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the association between household chemical use and respiratory disease (RD) in older Chinese adults. METHODS: The data were from the 2018 China Longitudinal Health and Longevity Survey (CLHLS) database, which included 12,866 participants aged ≥ 65 years. The prevalence of RD was based on self-reported medical history, and patients were divided into diseased and non-diseased groups. The frequency of household chemical usage was divided into four categories, and a total score for eight household chemical usage categories was constructed. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between the frequency of household chemical use and RD, and a restricted cubic spline was used to determine the dose-response association. RESULT: After adjusting for all covariates, regular use of repellents [odds ratios ( OR) = 1.28, 95% CI 1.06-1.55] and oil removers ( OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.03-1.58) were associated with RD. There was a dose-response association between the total score of household chemicals usage and RD risk ( P non-linearity > 0.05, P for trend < 0.01). Using patients with the total score below 9 as a reference, the OR for patients with the total score ranging from 25 to 32 is 2.33 (95% CI 1.25-4.09). CONCLUSION Regular use of repellents and oil removers increased the risk of RD, and the dose-dependent relationship was also observed.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Aged ; Male ; Female ; Respiratory Tract Diseases/chemically induced* ; Aged, 80 and over ; Household Products/adverse effects* ; Prevalence

Following the principles of evidence-based medicine,in accordance with the structure and drafting rules of standardized documents,based on literature research,according to the characteristics of chronic cough in children and issues that need to form a consensus,the TCM Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Cough in Children was formulated based on the Delphi method,expert discussion meetings,and public solicitation of opinions.The guideline includes scope of application,terms and definitions,eti-ology and diagnosis,auxiliary examination,treatment,prevention and care.The aim is to clarify the optimal treatment plan of Chinese medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease,and to provide guidance for improving the clinical diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough in children with Chinese medicine.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of novel erythrocyte preservation solution on the quality of erythrocytes in stored blood of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats.Methods:Forty SPF male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 8 weeks, weighing 180-220 g, were used in this study. Ten rats randomly selected served as conventional erythrocyte preservation solution group (group A). T2DM model was prepared in the remaining 30 rats. Twenty T2DM rats were divided into 2 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: T2DM conventional erythrocyte preservation solution control group (group C) and T2DM novel erythrocyte preservation solution observation group (group Y). Erythrocyte preservation solution was prepared to simulate the preoperative autologous blood donation process, and blood was collected from the tail vein to isolate the red blood cells, and then the corresponding preservation solution was added. Immediately after blood collection (T 0) and at 7, 14 and 21 days of preservation (T 1-3), the morphological structure of erythrocytes was observed with a light microscope, and the concentrations of 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate (2, 3-DPG) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at T 0-T 3 and 28 days of preservation (T 4). PKH26 was used to label the erythrocytes stored in vitro for 28 days, and then the erythrocytes were transfused back into rats. The survival rate of erythrocytes was detected by flow cytometry at 1, 7, 13 and 18 h after retransfusion. Results:The erythrocyte damage was aggravated at different time points of preservation in group C when compared with group A. Compared with group C, the damage to erythrocytes was significantly alleviated at different time points of preservation in group Y. Compared with group A, the concentration of 2, 3-DPG in erythrocytes was significantly decreased at T 0 and T 2-T 4, the concentration of ROS was increased at T 0-T 4, and the survival rate of erythrocytes was decreased at 1, 7 and 18 h after retransfusion in group C ( P<0.05). Compared with group C, the concentration of 2, 3-DPG in erythrocytes was significantly increased at T 0-T 4, the content of ROS was decreased at T 1, T 3 and T 4, and the survival rate of erythrocytes was increased at 1, 7 and 18 h after retransfusion in group Y ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The novel erythrocyte preservation solution can improve the quality of stored erythrocytes and increase the survival rate of erythrocytes in vivo after retransfusion in T2DM rats.

AIM: To observe the effect of RBC preservation solution with sodium pyruvate on the morphology, structure and function of RBC stored in vitro in type 2 diabetes rats. METHODS: Thirty SPF male SD rats, were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10): non-T2DM conventional RBC preservation solution (group A), T2DM conventional RBC preservation solution (group B) and T2DM sodium pyruvate RBC preservation solution (group C). The leukoreduced RBC from the tail vein and stored for 0 d (T0), 7 d (T1), 14 d (T2), 21 d (T3) and 28 d (T4) to detect the morphology, structure and the contents of 2, 3-DPG, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactic acid (LA) of RBC in group A, B and C. The RBC stored for 14 days in vitro were labeled with PKH26, and its survival rate were tested in vivo at 1, 4, 10 and 16 hours after intravenous infusion. RESULTS: At T0, the RBC morphology of group A was intact, which was better than that of group B and group C. With the extension of storage time, the morphology of RBC in each group gradually transformed into a spindle-spherical shape. Compared with group A, the incidence of acanthocytes in group B and group C was higher, and the incidence of acanthocytes in group C was lower than that in group B. Compared with group A, the content of 2, 3-DPG in group B and group C decreased, while ROS and MDA increased at different time points (P<0.05). The content of 2,3-DPG in group C was higher than that in group B (P<0.05), and the contents of ROS and MDA were lower than those in group B (P<0.05). LA content in group B was higher than that in group A and group C (P<0.05). At T2-T4, the LA content in group C was lower than that in group A (P<0.05). The survival rate of RBC in group A was higher than that in group B and C, and the survival rate of RBC in group B was lower than that in group C (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Sodium pyruvate added RBC preservation solution has a certain protective effect on RBC stored in vitro in type 2 diabetic rats, and its mechanism may be related to its antioxidant effect.

Objective: To understand the prevalence and its influencing factors of metabolic syndrome (MS) among employees in petrochemical enterprises, so as to provide insights into the prevention and control of MS among employees in petrochemical enterprises. Methods: The employees in petrochemical enterprises who underwent health examinations at the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2021 to December 2022 were selected as the survey subjects. Demographic information, lifestyle behaviors and occupational exposure were collected using questionnaires, and the blood biochemical indicators were measured through laboratory testing. Factors affecting MS were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 2 479 individuals were included, with a mean age of (44.84±7.87) years. There were 1 684 males (67.93%) and 795 females (32.07%). There were 905 cases of MS, with a detection rate of 36.51%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that gender (male, OR=2.246, 95%CI: 1.353-3.728), age (≥40 years, OR=3.523, 95%CI: 2.003-6.194), noise exposure (OR=1.894, 95%CI: 1.272-2.821), smoking index (>0~200 cigarette-years, OR=1.907, 95%CI: 1.155-3.149; >200 cigarette-years, OR=2.257, 95%CI: 1.320-3.859), hyperuricemia (OR=3.013, 95%CI: 1.852-4.900) and γ-glutamyltransferase (abnormal, OR=2.691, 95%CI: 1.589-4.559) were the influencing factors of MS among employees in petrochemical enterprises. Conclusion The risk of MS occurrence among employees in petrochemical enterprises is related to gender, age, noise exposure, smoking index, hyperuricemia and γ-glutamyltransferase level.

Objective:To evaluate the safety of ensartinib in the treatment of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) -positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the real-world clinical setting.Methods:Clinical data of 2 221 patients with ALK-positive locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC who received ensartinib treatment (225 mg/d) from December 16, 2020 to December 16, 2021 were collected and analyzed to assess drug adverse reactions in all population including elderly patients (≥ 65 years old) .Results:Among the total 2 221 patients, 511 patients (23.01%) experienced adverse events, including 8 patients (0.36%) who experienced serious adverse events. Adverse events led to dose modification in 67 patients (3.02%) and discontinuation in 18 patients (0.81%). The common adverse events were rash (407/2 221, 18.33%), pruritus (41/2 221, 1.85%), constipation (41/2 221, 1.85%), and facial edema (31/2 221, 1.40%). Thirty-six patients (1.62%) experienced ≥grade 3 adverse events. After symptomatic treatment of 511 patients with adverse reactions, 50 patients (9.78%) were healed, 271 patients (53.03%) were improved, 120 patients (23.48%) were persisted, and 70 patients (13.71%) were unknown due to loss of follow-up or other reasons. Forty-three patients (1.94%) reported 57 unintended adverse reactions. Among the 599 elderly patients, 116 patients (19.37%) experienced adverse events, including 1 patient (0.17%) who experienced serious adverse events. Adverse events led to dose modification in 25 patients (4.17%) and discontinuation in 5 patients (0.83%). The common adverse events of elderly patients were rash (88/599, 14.69%), constipation (14/599, 2.34%), facial edema (12/599, 2.00%), and pruritus (10/599, 1.67%). Twelve patients (2.00%) experienced ≥grade 3 adverse events. Among the 116 elderly patients with adverse reactions following the symptomatic treatment, 11 patients (9.48%) were healed, 58 patients (50.00%) were improved, 28 patients (24.13%) were persisted, and 19 patients (16.39%) were unknown due to loss of follow-up or other reasons. During the treatment, 1 patient (0.05%) experienced grade 2 interstitial lung disease, and no patient died due to adverse events.Conclusion:Ensartinib has a favorable safety profile in the real-world populations, with the most frequent adverse events being rash, mostly mild, and low incidence of ≥grade 3 adverse events. Overall, adverse reactions were tolerable and manageable.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between Effort-Reward Imbalance(ERI) and insomnia using structural equation modeling. METHODS: A total of 5 769 steel workers from an iron and steel company were selected as study objects by convenient sampling method. The Effort-Reward Imbalance Scale and Five-Item Athens Insomnia Scale were used to investigate their ERI and insomnia respectively. A structural equation modeling was constructed to analyze the relationship between ERI and insomnia. RESULTS: The scores of work effort and internal investment were positively correlated with the score of insomnia [the Spearman correlation coefficient(r_S) were 0.127 and 0.122 respectively, P<0.01]. Work reward scores were negatively correlated with the score of insomnia(r_S=-0.126, P<0.01). We successfully construct a structural equation model between ERI and insomnia in steel workers. According to this model, work effort, work reward and internal investment had direct effect on insomnia [the standardized path coefficient(β) were 0.065,-0.067 and 0.091 respectively, P<0.05]. Work effort and work reward have direct effect on insomnia(the β were 0.048 and-0.010 respectively, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: ERI increases the risk of insomnia. Both effort and internal investment have positive effect on insomnia, while reward has negative effect on insomnia.