Gastric cancer （GC） is a digestive tract tumor that occurs in the epithelial tissues of the gastric mucosa， seriously affecting the life and health of patients， and its mortality rate ranks the third among malignancies. Although medical technology has made great progress in recent years， the progression of GC still cannot be effectively controlled by surgery， chemotherapy， and targeted therapy. The pathogenesis of GC is extremely complex and is closely related to the tumor microenvironment， chronic inflammation， and immune escape， among which the reduction of tumor cell apoptosis is one of the important mechanisms for the occurrence and development of GC. Apoptosis refers to the process of spontaneous termination of cell life caused by genes under specific physiological or pathological conditions， which is of great significance for maintaining the stability of the internal environment. Researchers have found that in the GC state， mitochondrial endogenous apoptosis， endoplasmic reticulum stress， external death receptors， and other apoptosis pathways are regulated by multiple signaling pathways and genes， which together lead to the decline of GC cell apoptosis rate and thus promote the progression of GC. Chinese medicine is advantageous and characterized by multiple components， multiple targets， synergistic effect， and few adverse reactions. A large number of studies have shown that polysaccharide components， as effective components of Chinese medicine， have biological activities such as cancer inhibition， blood sugar control， anti-inflammation， antioxidant damage， and anti-virus， and can effectively inhibit the deterioration of GC by inducing cell apoptosis， gradually becoming a hot spot in GC drug research and development. However， systematic reviews on the apoptosis of GC induced by Chinese medicine polysaccharides are rarely reported. Therefore， this paper analyzed and summarized the studies of Chinese medicine polysaccharides in promoting apoptosis and interfering with GC， in order to provide a theoretical basis for the basic research， new drug development， and clinical application of Chinese medicine polysaccharides in the intervention of GC.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and response time of cardioinhibitory type vasovagal syncope (VVS-CI) in children.Methods:The clinical data of 56 children with syncope or pre-syncope were retrospectively analyzed and they visited specialist clinic for syncope and were diagnosed as VVS-CI in the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from December 2012 to September 2019.Based on height and weight, BMI was calculated, and divided into low BMI group (35 cases) and normal BMI group (21 cases). Between the 2 groups, baseline heart rate, head-up tilt test (HUTT) positive response heart rate, baseline head-up tilt test (BHUT) positive response time, and sublingual nitroglycerin-provocated HUTT (SNHUT) positive response time were compared.The correlation between BMI and positive response time was analyzed.SPSS 22.0 software was applied for statistical analysis.Results:There were no significant differences in age, sex, duration of disease and number of syncope between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). No significant differences were found in baseline heart rate and positive response heart rate between the 2 groups [(78.5±15.3) times/min vs.(72.8±8.7) times/min, t=1.223, P=0.230; (44.0±13.9) times/min vs.(47.0±10.0) times/min, t=-0.664, P=0.511]. Compared with normal BMI group, BHUT positive patients/SNHUT positive patients were higher in low BMI group (27/8 cases vs.9/12 cases, χ2=4.839, P=0.027), and the positive response time of BHUT was shorter [(13.1±4.6) min vs.(23.7±9.5) min, t=-2.691, P=0.023]. There were no significant differences in SNHUT positive response time between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). Low BMI was correlated with BHUT positive response time ( r=0.750, P=0.005). Normal BMI was not associated with BHUT positive response time ( r=0.316, P=0.217). There was no correlation between low BMI and normal BMI and SNHUT positive response time ( r=0.177, P=0.431; r=0.021, P=0.940). Conclusions:Low BMI is positively correlated with BHUT positive response time of children with VVS-CI.The time it takes for syncope occurrence was shorter in children with low BMI than that in normal BMI.

Objective:To discuss the relationship between heart rate (HR) and heart rate differences (HRD) at different time points in head-up tilt test (HUTT) and the occurrence of postural tachycardia syndrome(POTS) in children and adolescents.Methods:A total of 217 children and adolescents diagnosed as POTS, who complained of syncope or presyncope, were chosen as POTS group (aged 6 to 16 years). During the same period, 73 healthy children and adolescents with matching gender and age were selected as control group.All subjects underwent HUTT from October 2000 to November 2019.Get HR (HR0, HR5, HR10) in baseline, HUTT 5 min and 10 min, HRD (HRD5, HRD10) of HR in HUTT 5 min and 10 min minus HR in baseline.Results:(1) HR5, HR10, HRD5, and HRD10 were higher in the POTS group than those in the control group( P<0.05). (2) Univariate Logistic regression: There was a correlation between HR5, HR10, HRD5, HRD10 and the risk of POTS( P<0.01). (3) Multivariable Logistic regression: For each additional unit of HRD5 and HRD10, the risk of POTS increased by 27% ( OR=1.27, 95% CI1.16 to 1.36) and 28% ( OR=1.28, 95% CI1.20 to 1.38). Conclusion:HR and HRD are related with the occurrence of POTS in children and adolescents, but HR and HRD at different time points of HUTT play the little role on the effect size of the occurrence of POTS.

Objective:To investigate the value of rate-pressure product (RPP) in predicating the prognosis of postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) in children.Methods:Fifty-three children (26 males and 27 females) aged 5 to 15 who had syncope of unknown reasons or presyncope and were diagnosed with POTS by head-up tilt test (HUTT) at the Children′s Syncope Specialist Clinic, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from April 2012 to May 2019 were selected as the POTS group.Thirty-eight children aged 5 to 16 (19 males and 19 females) who underwent medical examinations at the Children′s Health Specialist Clinic of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University over the same period were enrolled as controls (control group). POTS children were followed up after intervention and they were divided into the response group ( n=40) and the non-response group ( n=13) according to the follow-up results.The products (RPP0, RPP5, RPP10) of the heart rate (HR0, HR5, HR10) and systolic blood pressure (SBP0, SBP5, SBP10) at baseline (HUTT 0 min), HUTT 5 min and HUTT 10 min were calculated.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 software and EmpowerStats software. Results:(1) There was no statistical difference in age and gender between the POTS group and the control group (all P> 0.05). (2) HR5 [(115.45±14.50) times/min vs.(95.79±13.89) times/min], HR10 [(120.57±16.13) times/min vs.(96.05±12.43) times/min], RPP5 (12 814.55±2 304.56 vs.10 371.42±1 910.20), and RPP10 (13 449.17±2 360.40 vs.10 523.18±1 771.48) in the POTS group were significantly higher than those in the control group( t=0.799, 7.842, 5.747, 6.446, all P<0.01). No statistical difference of HR0 and RPP0 was observed between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). (3) In the POTS group: HR5 [(98.73±12.43) times/min vs.(113.77±17.65) times/min], HR10 [(96.90±13.96) times/min vs.(119.08±13.52) times/min], RPP5 (11 125.45±1 952.35 vs.12 914.69±3 192.12) and RPP10 (10 819.58± 2 144.26 vs.13 375.46±2 807.01) in the response group were significantly lower than those in the non-response group( t=3.406, 5.012, 2.432, 3.455, all P<0.01). HR0 and RPP0 were no significantly different between the 2 groups(all P>0.05). (4) When SBP10<114 mmHg(1 mmHg= 0.133 kPa), the probability of response after POTS intervention increased by 10% with every 1 mmHg increase in SBP10, and there was a non-linear relationship between the 2 group ( P<0.05). (5) The receiver operating characteristic curve suggested that when RPP5 was 11 548.50, the sensitivity and specificity to predict the response after POTS intervention were 81.82% and 61.70%, respectively.When RPP10 was 10 988.00, the sensitivity and specificity were 77.78% and 86.21%, respectively. Conclusions:RPP is closely related to the intervention effect of POTS in children.RPP5 and RPP10 can predict the prognosis of POTS in children.There is a non-linear relationship between SBP10 and the intervention effect of POTS in children.

Objective To evaluate the schistosomiasis control effect of the measures of replacing cattle with machine for cul?tivation and forbidding depasturage of livestock on marshlands in marshland and lake regions. Methods The retrospective re?view and field survey were implemented in the Jiangling and Gongan counties of Hubei Province where were implemented with the measure of replacing cattle with machine for cultivation,and Yuanjiang and Huarong counties of Hunan Province where were implemented with the measure of forbidding the depasturage of livestock on marshlands. The schistosome infection status of hu?man,cattle,and Oncomelania hupensis snails,and schistosome?infested field excreta were surveyed from 2007 to 2013. The ef?fects of the interventions were compared before and after their implementations. Results The 6 villages of Hubei Province were implemented with the measure of replacing cattle with machine for cultivation,and 7 villages of Hunan Province were imple? mented with the measure of forbidding the depasturage of livestock on marshlands. From 2007 to 2013,the schistosome infection rates of residents declined from 3.95%to 0.70%(χ2 =128.376,P<0.05),with the descend range of 82.53%. The descend ranges of the measures of replacing cattle with machine for cultivation and forbidding the depasturage of livestock on marshlands were 83.081%and 81.62%respectively,and there was no significant difference between the two measures(χ2 =0.132,P>0.05). The infection rate of cattle decreased from 3.66%in 2007 to 0.65%in 2013,and the descend range was 82.24%(χ2=13.692,P<0.05). The field excreta was surveyed in the snail breeding place in 2013. The investigated area was 157.435 hm2, and 625 samples of field feces of cattle were collected with the density of field excreta of 3.97/hm2,and the positive rate was 1.12%(7/625). The schistosome infection rate of snails and the density of infected snails decreased successively from 2007, and no infected snails were detected from 2011 to 2013. Conclusions The schistosomiasis endemic situation are decreased sig?nificantly after the interventions of replacing cattle with machine for cultivation and forbidding the depasturage of livestock on marshlands. Therefore,schistosomiasis control effect of these measures is notable in the marshland and lake regions.

Objective: To observe the effects of Guanxinkang injection, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel subunits in ischemic myocardial cells of rats, and to explore the mechanism of Guanxinkang in protecting myocardial ischemic reperfusion injuries. Methods: Forty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group, untreated group, glibenclamide group, pinacidil group, Guanxinkang group and Guanxinkang plus glibenclamide group. The ventricular myocytes were prepared from hearts of normal rats by enzymatic dissociation method. The ischemic ventricular myocytes underwent perfusion with normal Tyrode solution for 10 min, then stopping perfusion 30 min, and followed by 45 min of reperfusion. The glibenclamide, pinacidil and Guanxinkang were added into ventricular myocytes solution directly. Then the solutions were placed at 4 degrees centigrade. After 24-hour freezing at -80 degrees centigrade, mRNA and protein expressions of KATP subunits Kir6.1, Kir6.2, SUR2A and SUR2B were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting respectively. Results: In normal rat myocardial cells, there were SUR2A, Kir6.1, and Kir6.2 protein and gene expressions but no expression of SUR2B protein. In the untreated group, all subunit mRNA and protein expressions of KATP increased to some extent as compared with the normal group. Pinacidil, a potassium channel opener, significantly increased mRNA and protein expressions of KATP subunits, while the blocker glibenclamide had a reverse effect. Meanwhile, Guanxinkang injection significantly increased mRNA and protein expressions of K(ATP) subunits but with no significant difference as compared with pinacidil. Conclusion: Guanxinkang injection can obviously enhance the open of KATP channel and thus play a role in cardiovascular protection.

Objective To study the effect of urodynamic factors on the urinary retention of the patients with cervical cancer received radical hysterectomy. Methods Seventy-two patients with cervical cancer Ininternational Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage Ⅰ bl to Ⅱ a hospitalized in Fujian Provincial Maternity and Child Health Hospital between June 2006 and August 2009, who were not found any abnormal representation of urodynamics before the operation, were divided into the group with urinary retention and the group without urinary retention based on whether urinary retention after the operation. All patients were detected by urodynamic examination following radical hysterectomy. Data obtained from urodynamic examination were analysed by logistic regression to evaluate the influence of urodynamic factors on the urinary retention postoperation. Results Twenty-one patients out of all were found with urinary retention after the operation , the incidence rate of urinary retention was 29%. The first sensation after operation in both groups were increased significantly than those before operation[ ( 171 ±61 )ml vs.(126 ±28)ml, (134±39)ml vs. (119 ± 17)ml,all P＜0.05], while the maximum volume[ (337 ±66) and (300 ±66)ml, respectively], the compliance[ (31 ±25) and (29 ± 18) ml/cm H2O (1 cm H2O =0. 098 kPa), respectively], the maximum flow rate[ (10 ±4) and (12 ±5) ml/s, respectively] and the pressure at the maximum flow rate [ (27 ±9) and (32 ±8) cm H2O, respectively] were decreased obviously after radical hysterectomy in both the group with urinary retention and the group without urinary retention ( all P ＜0.05), compared with the corresponding value before the operation. The urodynamic changes in urinary retention group was much more severe than those in group without urinary retention ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The single factor analysis results showed that bladder destusor dysfunction ( OR = 8. 20, 95% CI: 2.62 - 25. 66, P ＜0. 01 ) and lack of sensation ( OR = 6. 90, 95% CI: 1.95 - 24. 43, P ＜ 0. 01 ) were relevant to the urinary retention post-operation. While there were not relationship was found between low compliance bladder( OR =1.99, 95% CI:0. 70 - 5.63, P = 0. 195 ), detrusor overactivity ( OR = 2. 51, 95% CI: 0. 73 - 8.67, P =0. 144), bladder outlet obstruction ( OR = 3.77, 95% CI: 0. 76 - 18. 57, P = 0. 104 ) or dyssynergia of urethral external sphincter( OR =2. 67, 95% CI:0. 49- 14. 45, P =0. 255 ) and urinary retention following the operation. There were an antagonistic effects ( OR = 7.60, 95% CI: 1.43 - 40. 39, P = 0. 017 ) of detrusor overactivity and bladder destrusor dysfunction on urinary retention. The multiple factors analysis results revealed that bladder destusor dysfunction( OR = 7.01, P ＜ 0. 01 ) and lack of sensation( OR = 5.45, P =0. 018)were the independent risk factors influening on the urinary retention post-operation. Conclusions There are obvious urodynamic change in cervical cancer patients following radical hysterectomy. Bladder destrusor dysfunction and lack of sensation are the independent urodynamic risk factors influencing on urinary retention following radical hysterectomy, while detrusor over activity may be a protective effect on bladder destrusor dysfunction post-operation in some degree. Urodynamic test is important for analysis and treatment of urinary retention following radical hysterectomy.

Objective:To study the variation of recent bladder function of the patients who received radical hysterectomy and evaluate its significance. Methods:Sixty-three patients with cervical carcinoma in International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO) stage IB1 to ⅡA received urodynamic examination before and after operation. The urodynamic parameters included filling cystometry, pressure-flow rate, and electromyography of sphinctienter. Results:Radical hysterectomy induced significant increase in the first sensation (P<0.01)and post voiding residual of bladder (P<0.01) ;whereas caused significant decrease in the maximum volume(P<0.01), compliance(P<0.01),maximum flow rate(P<0.01) and the pressure at the maximum flow rate(P<0.01), respectively, compared with the corresponding values before the operation. Short-term bladder dysfunctions were observed in 34 patients (54.0%) including bladder detrusor dysfunction, low compliance bladder, bladder outlet obstruction, dyssynergia of urethral external sphincter and detrusor overactivity. The incidences of low compliance bladder and bladder detrusor dysfunction increased significantly after operation (P<0.01). Urinary retention was found in 28.6%(18/63) patients. The incidences of bladder detrusor dysfunction (66.7% vs 20.0%) and detrusor overactivity (33.3% vs 4.4%) in the group with urinary retention were significantly higher than those of corresponding group without urinary retention. Conclusion:The bladder function had obvious short-term changes following radical hysterectomy. In the many types of bladder dysfunction the main dysfunctions were low compliance bladder and bladder detrusor dysfunction. The bladder detrusor dysfunction might be the major cause of the urinary retention following the surgery. Urodynamic test was important for post-operative analysis and treatment of bladder dysfunction.

Objective To study the compliance of forbidden depasturing livestock on the marshland with Oncomelania snails in schistosomiasis endemic areas. Methods According to 3 levels of human infection rates as > 10% ,5%-10% and <5% , 2 204 residents selected randomly from the schistosomiasis endemic villages were sampled with the stratified cluster sampling method in Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces, and investigated by questionnaire. The contents of the questionnaire included the recognition and implementation of forbidden depasturing livestock on marshland with Oncomelania snails and breeding livestock in bam. Results A total of 78.4% residents agreed forbidden depasturing livestock on marshland with snails, but 3. 7% residents disagreed it. A total of 83. 9% residents considered the relationship between breeding livestock in bam and schistosomiasis control, but 3. 1% residents thought that it was no relationship. The main reasons of depasturing livestock on marshland with Oncomelania snails were the high cost of breeding livestock in bam (36. 2% ) , unaccustomed (26.4% ) and no room for breeding livestock in bam (25.4% ). Conclusion Forbidden depasturing livestock on the marshland with Oncomelania snails should be strengthened according to the local economic, nature environment, agriculture, residents'culture degree and agriculture habit.

With quick extending of university enrolment scope and running a university of multi-campuses,how to effectively manage such a multi-campus university has become a problem.The article discusses the measures of constructing the campus information connection in a multi-campus university by analyzing the actuality and problems of the campus information development.