OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanisms of rutin in alleviating depressive symptoms associated with premenstrual dysphoric disorder （PMDD） characterized by liver qi stagnation syndrome. METHODS Network pharmacology was employed to identify the intersecting targets of action between PMDD and rutin. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed to screen core targets， followed by gene ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis. Molecular docking simulations validated rutin’s binding affinity to core targets. The bilateral ovaries of female Wistar rats were removed， followed by artificial hormone induction. The rats were then randomly divided into normal group （10 rats） and modeling group （50 rats）. PMDD rat model with liver qi stagnation syndrome was established via restraint stress. The successfully modeled rats were further divided into model group， fluoxetine group （positive control） and rutin group， with 12 rats in each group. The corresponding drug solutions or water were administered by gavage at 9：00 a.m. every day， continuing for two estrous cycles. The open-field test， forced swimming test and Y-maze test were utilized to evaluate the effects of rutin on the behavioral indexes of model rats. Additionally， the density of neuronal dendritic spines in the hippocampal tissues of the rats was observed. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） levels and the expressions of BDNF， tyrosine kinase receptor type B （TrkB）， synuclein （Syn）， and postsynaptic density protein 95 （PSD95） in hippocampal tissues were quantified， respectively. RESULTS Network pharmacology and molecular docking revealed the core targets through which rutin ameliorated PMDD characterized by liver qi stagnation syndrome included BDNF， TrkB， PSD65， Syn， etc. The results of experimental validation demonstrated that rutin significantly increased the spontaneous alternation behavior scores of PMDD model rats with liver qi stagnation syndrome during the non-receptive phase， shortened their immobility time during the forced swimming test， and enhanced the density of neuronal dendritic spines in the hippocampal tissues. Additionally， rutin upregulated the levels of serum BDNF and the protein expressions of BDNF， TrkB and Syn in the hippocampal tissues （P＜0.05）. However， it had no significant effect on the above indexes in model rats during the receptive phase （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Rutin ameliorates depressive symptoms， enhances spatial memory capabilities， and reduces neuronal damage in PMDD model rats with liver qi stagnation syndrome. These effects may be associated with the activation of BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway and upregulation of Syn protein expression.

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury following skin flap transplantation is a critical factor leading to flap necrosis and transplant failure. Antagonizing inflammatory responses and oxidative stress are regarded as crucial targets for mitigating reperfusion injury and enhancing flap survival. In this study, caffeic acid-vanadium metal polyphenol nanoparticles (CA-V NPs) were prepared for the treatment of skin flap ischemia and reperfusion. This study was conducted using a one-step method to prepare new types of CA-V NPs with uniform sizes and stable structures. In vitro, the CA-V NPs exhibited CAT-like and SOD-like activities and could effectively scavenge ROS, generate oxygen, and alleviate oxidative stress. In the H₂O₂-induced cellular oxidative stress model, CA-V NPs effectively reduced ROS levels and inhibited apoptosis through the XIAP/Caspase-3 pathway. In the cellular inflammation model induced by LPS combined with IFN-γ, CA-V NPs reprogrammed macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype and reduced inflammatory responses by reducing the expression of the chemokines CCL4 and CXCL2. In addition, animal experiments have shown that CA-V NPs can alleviate oxidative stress in skin flap tissues, inhibit apoptosis, promote angiogenesis, and ultimately improve the survival rate of skin flaps. CA-V NPs provide a new target and strategy for the treatment of flap I/R injury.

Background Exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been observed in both living and working environments. Volatile organic compounds metabolites (VOCMs) in urine can be used to assess the exposure to VOCs and potentially cause adverse effects on human body. Objective To quantitatively evaluate urinary VOCMs and their associations with renal function damage, and further trace the characteristics of potential environmental exposure to provide scientific evidence for effective prevention measures. Methods The study included a total of 6028 samples from four cross-sectional studies in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2011 and 2018, with exposure and health outcomes matched. Generalized linear models were employed to assess the associations of urinary VOCMs (urinary creatinine adjusted) with urinary protein levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), with coviriables including gender, age, body mass index, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise frequency, diabetes, and hypertension. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) approach was utilized to analyze the effects of mixed exposure and to rank the contribution of individual VOCMs. The associations between VOCMs and associated living environments and occupational exposure characteristics were further investigated. Results Among the enrolled study participants (n=6028), a total of 11 urinary VOCMs were measured, with 10 metabolites having a positive rate of over 80% (84.59%-99.99%). There were 604 individuals (10.0%) having urinary protein abnormalities and 2831 individuals (47.0%) with eGFR reduced. Through a single and a multiple generalized linear model, 5 VOCMs exhibited statistically significant associations with urinary protein abnormalities and/or reduced eGFR levels (P<0.05): N-acetyl-S-(N-methylaminocarbonyl)-L-cysteine (AMC), N-acetyl-S-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine (CEM), N-acetyl-S-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)-L-cysteine (DHB), 2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid (MAD), and N-acetyl-S-(4-hydroxy-2-butenyl)-L-cysteine (MB3). The WQS index indicated a significantly positive association between VOCMs and urinary protein abnormalities, and DHB contributed the most. The analysis on the potential sources of VOCs exposure showed that those who worked as a private entrepreneur or an employee (vs. government employees), rent houses (vs. owned real estate), had less number of rooms in the residence, fueled cars at self-service gas stations, and inhaled paint fumes in the past 48 h associated with higher VOCMs (P < 0.05) and DHB contributed the most. Conclusion Multiple VOCMs in urine are associated with significantly kidney function injuries. The mixture exposure to VOCMs is significantly associated with higher risks of urinary protein abnormalities. Occupational category, housing ownership, ways to fuel a car, and inhalation of paint odors are closely related with VOCMs levels.

Adriamycin is a widely used anti-tumor drug.Targeting mitochondrial fusion proteins/mitofusion 1/2(MFN1/2)and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2(NRF2)can up-regulate the expression of mitochondrial fusion protein through PKCε/Stat3/MFN2,SIRT1/MFN2,AMPK/NRF2 and other signaling pathways,promote mitochondrial fusion,maintain kinetic balance and protect mitochondrial function,reduce myocardial cell apoptosis and reduce cardiac toxicity.Understanding the regulatory role and mechanism of mitochondrial fusion in doxorubicin-induced cardio toxicity will provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of diseases.

Objective To compare the effect of palliative mitral valve surgeries and medication therapies for secondary non-ischemic mitral regurgitation. Methods The clinical data of patients with non-ischemic functional mitral regurgitation treated in our hospital between 2009 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)＜40% underwent a dobutamine stress test, and a positive result was determined when the LVEF improved by more than 15% compared to the baseline value. Positive patients were divided into a surgery group and a medication group. The surgery group underwent surgical mitral valve repair or replacement, while the medication group received simple medication treatment. Follow-up on survival and cardiac function status through outpatient or telephone visits every six months after surgery, and patients underwent cardiac ultrasound examination one year after surgery. The main research endpoint was a composite endpoint of all-cause death, heart failure readmission, and heart transplantation, and the differences in cardiac function and cardiac ultrasound parameters between the two groups were compared. Results Ultimately 41 patients were collected, including 28 males and 13 females with an average age of 55.5±11.1 years. Twenty-five patients were in the surgery group and sixteen patients in the medication group. The median follow-up time was 16 months, ranging 1-96 months. The occurrence of all-cause death in the surgery group was lower than that in the medication group (HR=0.124, 95%CI 0.024-0.641, P=0.034). The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant in the composite endpoint (HR=0.499, 95%CI 0.523-1.631, P=0.229). The New York Heart Association (NYHA) grade of the surgery group was better (NYHA Ⅰ-Ⅱ accounted for 68.0% in the surgury group and 18.8% in the medication group, P<0.01) as well as the grade of mitral valve regurgitation (87.5% of the patients in the medication group had moderate or above regurgitation at follow-up, while all the patients in the surgery group had moderate below regurgitation, P<0.01). There was no statistical difference in preoperative and follow-up changes in echocardiograph parameters between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion For non-ischemic functional mitral regurgitation, if the cardiac systolic function is well reserved, mitral valve surgery can improve survival and quality of life compare to simple medication therapy.

Objective To understand cognition level and treatment intention of patients with endometriosis(EMs);To evaluate the effects of TCM chronic disease management on EMs patients.Methods The disease cognition level and treatment intention of 1 895 EMs patients from October 2020 to December 2021 in 19 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities were analyzed through cross-sectional investigation.The cognitive effect of chronic disease management of TCM on 801 patients with EMs from 6 Grade A hospitals in Beijing was evaluated by self-control study.Results The cognition level of EMs patients for the disease was improved with the increase of educational background.Patients generally believed that EMs was a chronic disease,requiring regular review and long-term management.The proportion of patients with high school education or below,junior college education,bachelor degree or above who knew the possibility of malignant changes in EMs was less,only 32.3%,41.6%and 47.7%,respectively.The awareness rate of patients with high school education or below for recurrence after EMs conservative surgery was 46.9%,lower than that of those with junior college education(66.8%)and bachelor degree or above(72.7%).Among the patients with dietary contraindications,the proportion of patients with high school education or below,junior college education,bachelor degree or above who knew the contraindication of the forest frog oil was less,only 20.7%,30.3%and 32.9%,respectively.In the aspect of life adjustment,the awareness of patients was generally high.EMs patients mainly recognized the disease through face-to-face communication with gynecologists.Only 34.4%of patients with high school education or below learned about EMs through WeChat public accounts,APPs and other new media,which was lower than those with junior college education(48.6%)and bachelor degree or above(55.4%).EMs patients generally tend to be treated in comprehensive hospitals,with high acceptance of TCM treatment,mainly TCM decoction,and low acceptance of TCM appropriate technology.After 1 year of TCM chronic disease management,the disease awareness of EMs patients was significantly improved compared with before management,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion EMs patients with different educational backgrounds have different cognition of the disease,and each has different emphasis.Education and popularization should be carried out according to their knowledge blind spots.Chronic disease management of TCM can improve the disease cognition level of EMs patients.

Objective:To determine the content of the released nickel ion through the 7 extraction media to extract the Ni-Ti wires and to plot the curve of the released nickel ion so as to identify a leaching medium that can be substituted for blood for in vitro Ni release evaluation. Methods:The release of Ni through microwave digestion/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in the goat serum was determined. Because of the high content of Ni release, it could be determined by diluting the extraction medium, and other extraction media could be determined directly. Ni release standard curves were plotted by the release amount and different time point variables. Though the different extraction media Ni release curves confirm the specificity of extraction media instead of blood.Results:By analyzing the Ni release curves of seven leaching media, it was found that none of these seven extraction media was suitable for the evaluation of Ni release in in vitro leaching media. Considering the safety of the leaching medium and the simplicity of preparation, hydrochloric acid solution was chosen as the leaching medium, but the concentration needed to be diluted accordingly. Finally, a hydrochloric acid solution was created as an alternative to blood for the in vitro study of Ni release from Ni-Ti alloy cardiovascular products, with a volume fraction of 0.005%. Conclusions:The in vitro leaching medium that can replace blood was found to be hydrochloric acid for the time being, but its concentration was too high, resulting in too much Ni release as well, which deviated from the actual situation. Therefore, the hydrochloric acid solution was diluted step by step, and the Ni release curve was examined until it was close to the clinical release level, and the actual concentration was determined, thus laying a solid foundation for the subsequent evaluation of the safety and risk.

Objective:To measure the beam stability of the electron FLASH radiotherapy accelerator developed by the Institute of Applied Electronics of Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics and to evaluate the performance of scintillator, fast current sensor (FCT) and graphite under the electron FLASH beam.Methods:Each continuous beam exit deviation and each pulse deviation at the electron FLASH radiotherapy accelerator in the same working state were measured. The correlation among three monitors and the measured dose of the accelerator at different electron beam energy (controlled by changing the charging voltage) and different beam pulse numbers were compared, which were validated by a Monte Carlo simulation procedure.Results:At the first high pressure, the first 10 scintillators and FCT signals were relatively large, approximately 2% deviation compared with the average value of 400 pulses. Among 40 beam outflows, the deviation between each pulse was within ±5%. In the accelerator steady state, each beam outflow deviation was within ±1%. Both simulated and measured values showed that the monitor could not be used for dose monitoring at different electron beam energy. However, when the energy was the same, only the number of beam pulses was changed, and linear relationship was observed between the number of the three monitors and the dose measured by the film (all R 2 > 0.999). Conclusions:The beam deviation of each beam outflow of this electron FLASH accelerator is within ±1%. Under the stability of the accelerator beam, the scintillator, FCT and graphite can meet the dose monitoring of the target area, which can provide reference for dose monitoring for subsequent biological experiments.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of frailty among elders aged ≥60 years in the Beijing community and analyze the risk factors of frailty.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 1936 older persons in Baizhifang Community in Beijing were included between May and September 2023. Their frailty was evaluated by Fried Frailty Phenotype Scale. Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were used to evaluate nutritional status, physical function, and depression, respectively. The prevalence and risk factors of frailty among the elderly in the community were analyzed.Results:A total of 168 individuals met the criteria for frailty, and the prevalence of frailty was 8.7%. Compared to the non-frail group, the frail group was predominantly female (71.4% vs 62.2%; χ 2=5.59, P=0.018), older [(72.1±6.6) vs (69.9±6.0) ages; t=-5.25, P<0.001], unmarried (1.8% vs 0.8%; χ 2=8.60, P=0.014), with lower education levels (10.7% vs 3.5%; χ 2=23.38, P<0.001), poorer self-assessed health (22.6% vs 6.5%; χ 2=69.80, P<0.001), lower MNA-SF scores [(12.2±2.2) vs (13.0±1.4) scores; t=6.29, P<0.001], lower SPPB scores [(8.4±1.9) vs (10.2±1.6) scores; t=14.62, P<0.001], higher GDS scores [(4.0±3.8) vs (1.9±2.1) scores; t=-11.48, P<0.001], and worse vision, hearing, and olfactory functions (48.2% vs 34.1%, 36.9% vs 23.0%, 9.5% vs 3.0%; χ 2=13.37, 16.11, 40.58, all P<0.001). They were also more likely to suffer from hypertension (70.8% vs 56.7%; χ 2=12.52, P<0.001), diabetes (42.3% vs 29.4%; χ 2=12.06, P<0.001), osteoarthritis (46.4% vs 30.3%; χ 2=18.39, P<0.001) and stroke (19.0% vs 13.3%; χ 2=4.28, P=0.039). Logistic regression analysis showed that frailty was independently associated with nutritional status ( OR=0.8, 95% CI: 0.7-0.9, P<0.001), depressive symptoms ( OR=1.1, 95% CI: 1.1-1.2, P<0.001), olfactory function ( OR=2.1, 95% CI: 1.4-3.0, P<0.001; OR=2.9, 95% CI: 1.4-5.9, P=0.003), and physical function ( OR=0.6, 95% CI: 0.6-0.7, P<0.001) after adjusting for covariates. Conclusions:The prevalence of frailty among elderly people in community is relatively high. Frailty in community elders is associated with physical function, psychological function, nutritional status, and olfactory function decline.

Objective:To analyze mobility limitation condition and its relationship with cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, a total of 1 935 older adults aged≥60 years were recruited from May to September 2023 in Beijing Baizhifang Community Health Service Center and its five subordinate health service stations (Baizhifang Hutong health service station, Nancaiyuan community health service station, Youanmen community health service station, Younei West Street health service station and Shuanghuaili community health service station). The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) was used to assess the mobility capacity of the elderly, and the elderly were divided into two groups with SPPB, the elderly with a SPPB≤9 points were grouped into mobility limitation group (645 cases), and the ones with a SPPB≥10 points were considered with normal mobility capacity (1 290 cases). The cognitive function of the older adults was assessed with the mini-mental state examination; and the gender, age, calf circumference, history of chronic disease, frailty status, cognitive function, nutritional status, depression status, hearing and vision condition of the two groups were compared with χ2 test or Mann-Whitney U non-parametric test. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the mobility limitation and its relationship with cognitive function in the older adults. Results:Mobility limitation was found in 33.33% (645/1 935) of community-dwelling older adults. The proportions of advanced age, female, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, frailty, depression, cognitive impairment, hearing decline, and vision decline in the mobility limitation group were all significantly higher than those in the normal mobility capacity group (31.32% vs 13.41%, 69.92% vs 59.61%, 65.27% vs 54.03%, 33.80% vs 28.60%, 27.91% vs 19.53%, 17.83% vs 11.47%, 10.54% vs 7.36%, 13.18% vs 2.02%, 18.45% vs 6.59%, 14.73% vs 7.75%, 30.54% vs 20.31%, 45.58% vs 30.39%) (all P<0.05). Advanced age ( OR=2.542, 95% CI: 1.977-3.269), female ( OR=1.736, 95% CI: 1.390-2.167), stroke ( OR=1.426, 95% CI: 1.065-1.911), depression ( OR=2.292, 95% CI: 1.656-3.174), cognitive impairment ( OR=1.601, 95% CI: 1.154-2.220), frailty ( OR=5.199, 95% CI: 3.219-8.397) and vision decline ( OR=1.405, 95% CI: 1.124-1.756) were all positively correlated with the mobility limitation in the community-dwelling older adults (all P<0.05). Conclusion:The older adults in the community have a higher risk of mobility limitation, mobility limitation is a positive correlation factor of cognitive impairment.