The development of antiviral drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2 remains a major strategy for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection. Current anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents mainly act on key viral protein targets involved in the viral life cycle, such as the main protease (Mpro), papain-like protease (PLpro), and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). However, these drugs are insufficient to address the challenges posed by the rapid mutation rate and drug resistance of SARS-CoV-2. In recent years, viral RNA has demonstrated to be a highly promising therapeutic target. Small-molecule drugs that target viral RNA possess distinct advantages, featuring novel mechanisms of action and the potential for broad-spectrum antiviral activity as well as the ability to overcome drug resistance. Such agents provide a new avenue for combating coronavirus threats. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting conserved SARS-CoV-2 RNA structures, including the frameshift stimulation element (FSE), stem-loops (SL), G-quadruplexes (G-4), and RNA-targeting chimeras (RNATAC), aiming to provide some insight to guide future.

Isolation rearing (IR) enhances aggressive behavior, and the central serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) system has been linked to IR-induced aggression. However, whether the alteration of central serotonin is the cause or consequence of enhanced aggression is still unknown. In the present study, using mice deficient in central serotonin Tph2 and Lmx1b, we examined the association between central serotonin and aggression with or without social isolation. We demonstrated that central serotonergic neurons are critical for the enhanced aggression after IR. 5-HT depletion in wild-type mice increased aggression. On the other hand, application of 5-HT in Lmx1b mice inhibited the enhancement of aggression under social isolation conditions. Dopamine was downregulated in Lmx1b mice. Similar to 5-HT, L-DOPA decreased aggression in Lmx1b mice. Our results link the serotoninergic system directly to aggression and this may have clinical implications for aggression-related human conditions.

Objective To explore the effect of Contract Learning Methodology in teaching of clinical nursing.Methods 88 nursing students were randomized into the control group(n=46)and experiment group(n=42).The former and the latter adopted the Contract Learning Methodology and conventional teaching methodology,respectively.The two groups were assessed and compared in terms of their scores of clinical nursing theory and manipulation.Results The students in the experiment group were comprehensively better then those in the control group in terms of theoretical and manipulative exams,writing of nursing histories, writing of reading reports,basic nursing,communicating ability and comprehensive achievements(P<0.01).Conclusion The Contract Learning Methodology may fortify the sense of discipline in nursing students,enhance the sense of teaching in teachers and therefore propel the quality of teaching and learning.