The industry standard Barium Sulfate Anti-Radiation Mortar (JC/T 2676—2022) was officially released on September 30, 2022, and came into effect on April 1, 2023. The promulgation and implementation of this standard play a significant role in improving the product quality of barium sulfate anti-radiation mortar, promoting industry development, and safeguarding the occupational health of workers. To facilitate accurate understanding of the standard clauses and ensure proper implementation of its requirements, this article elaborated on the background, objectives, and significance of the standard development, along with an interpretation of its key clauses.

Currently,a wide range of oral antibacterial materials are clinically used,including metal element antibacterial materials(such as silver,zinc,copper,titanium),and non-metal element antibacterial materials(such as fluorine).In recent years,cerium ox-ide nanoparticles have attracted great interest in the field of oral medicine due to their unique antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antioxi-dant,redox capabilities.At the same time,they also have the characteristics of promoting tissue regeneration,inhibiting biofilm forma-tion and good biocompatibility.To enhance the performance of oral materials,nanoparticles have been integrated into products such as composite resins,adhesives,and denture systems.Additionally,they have shown potential for modifying oral ceramic materials and an-ti-tumor effects.This review focuses on the latest research progress in various fields of oral medicine,including endodontics,periodon-tology,implantology,prosthodontics,and orthodontics,based on the biological characteristics of nano-cerium oxide.Our goal is to re-veal the potential of cerium oxide in the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases and to provide ideas and references for the expansion of clinical applications in oral medicine.

Currently,a wide range of oral antibacterial materials are clinically used,including metal element antibacterial materials(such as silver,zinc,copper,titanium),and non-metal element antibacterial materials(such as fluorine).In recent years,cerium ox-ide nanoparticles have attracted great interest in the field of oral medicine due to their unique antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antioxi-dant,redox capabilities.At the same time,they also have the characteristics of promoting tissue regeneration,inhibiting biofilm forma-tion and good biocompatibility.To enhance the performance of oral materials,nanoparticles have been integrated into products such as composite resins,adhesives,and denture systems.Additionally,they have shown potential for modifying oral ceramic materials and an-ti-tumor effects.This review focuses on the latest research progress in various fields of oral medicine,including endodontics,periodon-tology,implantology,prosthodontics,and orthodontics,based on the biological characteristics of nano-cerium oxide.Our goal is to re-veal the potential of cerium oxide in the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases and to provide ideas and references for the expansion of clinical applications in oral medicine.

OBJECTIVE To detect mutated genes in thyroid cancer using next-generation sequencing(NGS)Panel and analyze genes associated with the prognosis of thyroid cancer.METHODS Samples from 90 newly diagnosed thyroid cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment at Jilin Cancer Hospital from January 2020 to January 2023 were collected.DNA and RNA were extracted from tissue samples and subjected to high-throughput sequencing.Mutated genes were identified,and their correlation with the patients'AJCC TNM staging and prognosis of thyroid cancer was analyzed.RESULTS Several gene mutations,including FN1,SLC34A2,FABP4,SNCA,MATN2,and EIF2AK1,were detected in thyroid cancer.Among them,FN1 mutation was positively correlated with later stages of the AJCC TNM staging,which is closely associated with prognosis.CONCLUSION FN1 gene mutation may serve as a potential genetic biomarker for predicting the prognosis of thyroid cancer.

Postoperative infection of internal fixation of closed fractures the lower limbs in adults represents a devastating complication, characterized by diagnostic challenges, prolonged treatment duration and high disability rates. Current management of these infections faces multiple challenges, such as difficulties in early accurate diagnosis, and various controversies about the treatment plan, leading to poor overall diagnosis and treatment results. To address these issues, based on evidence-based medicine and principles with emphasis on scientific rigor, clinical applicability and innovation, the Trauma Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Orthopedics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Trauma Orthopedics and Polytrauma Group of the Resuscitation and Emergency Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association have collaboratively organized a panel of relevant experts to develop the Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of infection after internal fixation of closed lower limb fractures in adults ( version 2025). The guideline proposed 10 recommendations, aiming to provide a foundation for standardized diagnosis and treatment of postoperative infection in adults with closed lower limb fractures.

Sepsis is a systemic acute and severe condition caused by pathogen infection, which poses a life-threatening risk due to its involvement or accompanying consequence of multiorgan failure. During the COVID-19 pandemic, sepsis was one of the key mechanisms leading to death in COVID-19 patients. Currently, however, there is a lack of systematic comparison regarding the similarities and differences between the mechanisms by which a common pathogen causes host tissue/organ damages and those that lead to sepsis. Most studies have been limited to the interactions between pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). COVID-19-related sepsis clearly indicates that the molecular pathways through which SARS-CoV-2 initiates disease and ultimately causes sepsis are primarily via the binding of its spike proteins to the host cell′s ACE2 receptors, rather than through PAMPs (such as viral RNA) stimulating PRRs/TLR7. Integrating other evidence regarding pathogen-host interactions (e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellar hook protein FlgE stimulating ectopic ATP synthase on surface of vascular endothelial cells), this paper proposes that all molecules of a specific pathogen capable of eliciting reactions in host components constitute the "pathogen-initiated stimulatory molecular panel" (PSMPL), which represents the inherent and relatively constant biological characteristics of that pathogen. Furthermore, all molecular-molecular pairings formed by PSMPL within the host constitute the starting points of all interaction pathways between the pathogen and the host, referred to as "pathogen-initiated stimulatory molecular pairs" (PSMPS). The combinational effects of these molecular pair-mediated stimulations determine the net impact of the pathogen on host cells, tissues, or organs. The introduction of the PSMPL and PSMPS concepts will facilitate deeper and more comprehensive studies of pathogen-host interactions, help to identify new pathways and mechanisms leading to sepsis, and promote the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for sepsis.

Postoperative infection of internal fixation of closed fractures the lower limbs in adults represents a devastating complication, characterized by diagnostic challenges, prolonged treatment duration and high disability rates. Current management of these infections faces multiple challenges, such as difficulties in early accurate diagnosis, and various controversies about the treatment plan, leading to poor overall diagnosis and treatment results. To address these issues, based on evidence-based medicine and principles with emphasis on scientific rigor, clinical applicability and innovation, the Trauma Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Orthopedics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Trauma Orthopedics and Polytrauma Group of the Resuscitation and Emergency Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association have collaboratively organized a panel of relevant experts to develop the Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of infection after internal fixation of closed lower limb fractures in adults ( version 2025). The guideline proposed 10 recommendations, aiming to provide a foundation for standardized diagnosis and treatment of postoperative infection in adults with closed lower limb fractures.

Sepsis is a systemic acute and severe condition caused by pathogen infection, which poses a life-threatening risk due to its involvement or accompanying consequence of multiorgan failure. During the COVID-19 pandemic, sepsis was one of the key mechanisms leading to death in COVID-19 patients. Currently, however, there is a lack of systematic comparison regarding the similarities and differences between the mechanisms by which a common pathogen causes host tissue/organ damages and those that lead to sepsis. Most studies have been limited to the interactions between pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). COVID-19-related sepsis clearly indicates that the molecular pathways through which SARS-CoV-2 initiates disease and ultimately causes sepsis are primarily via the binding of its spike proteins to the host cell′s ACE2 receptors, rather than through PAMPs (such as viral RNA) stimulating PRRs/TLR7. Integrating other evidence regarding pathogen-host interactions (e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellar hook protein FlgE stimulating ectopic ATP synthase on surface of vascular endothelial cells), this paper proposes that all molecules of a specific pathogen capable of eliciting reactions in host components constitute the "pathogen-initiated stimulatory molecular panel" (PSMPL), which represents the inherent and relatively constant biological characteristics of that pathogen. Furthermore, all molecular-molecular pairings formed by PSMPL within the host constitute the starting points of all interaction pathways between the pathogen and the host, referred to as "pathogen-initiated stimulatory molecular pairs" (PSMPS). The combinational effects of these molecular pair-mediated stimulations determine the net impact of the pathogen on host cells, tissues, or organs. The introduction of the PSMPL and PSMPS concepts will facilitate deeper and more comprehensive studies of pathogen-host interactions, help to identify new pathways and mechanisms leading to sepsis, and promote the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for sepsis.

Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic im-mune-mediated disease characterized by diffuse mucosal inflammation and clinical symptoms of ab-dominal pain,diarrhea,mucopurulent bloody stool and tenesmus.Due to its complex etiology,difficult treatment and poor prognosis,UC has been listed as one of the modern refractory diseases by the World Health Organization.MicroRNAs(microR-NAs)regulate various biological processes such as cell growth,differentiation,and development by regulating gene expression.Studies have shown that miRNA is involved in the pathogenesis of UC through various pathways such as intestinal muco-sal barrier homeostasis disorder,intestinal flora im-balance and excessive differentiation of immune cells,and is expected to become a new target for clinical treatment of UC.In order to better under-stand the role of miRNA in the pathogenesis of UC and provide new research directions for the treat-ment of UC,this article reviews the correlation be-tween miRNA and the pathogenesis of UC,the po-tential of miRNA as a biomarker of UC,and the treatment strategies of miRNA in UC in recent years.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of staged individualized surgical method for treating neuromuscular origin severe clubfoot complicating complex lower limb deformity.Methods Ten ca-ses of neurogenic severe clubfoot deformity treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from May 2021 to June 2023 were collected as the research subjects.In the first stage,the soft-tissue release,tendon transfer combined with Ilizarov technique were adopted to correct the clubfoot deformity,and in the second stage,according to the patients' postoperative gait and the degree of lower limb deformity,the patients were given individualized and appropriate osteotomy assisted by the increase of Ilizarov external frame length-ening,supra-ankle osteotomy,and distal femoral osteotomy.The clinical results of treatment in the patients were observed.The American Orthopaedic Association Division of Foot and Ankle Surgery (AOFAS) scores and visual analog scale (VAS) scores were compared between before operation and 1,3,6,12 and 18 months after operation.The lower extremity biodynamic line related imaging parameters were compared between be-fore and 18 months after operation.Results All patients successfully completed the surgery without nerve or vascular injury during and after operation and there were no serious complications such as pinhole or incision infection.All patients were followed up for 16-24 months.The ankle joint AOFAS score at each time point after operation was increased compared with the physical examination before operation (P<0.05),and the VAS score was decreased compared with the physical examination before operation (P<0.05).The lower ex-tremity biodynamic line related imaging parameters at 18 months after operation were significantly improved compared with before operation (P<0.05).Conclusion Adopting the staged individualized surgical method for the treatment of neuromuscular origin severe clubfoot complicating complex deformity of the lower limbs could achieve more satisfactory and relatively ideal therapeutic effect.