The industry standard Barium Sulfate Anti-Radiation Mortar (JC/T 2676—2022) was officially released on September 30, 2022, and came into effect on April 1, 2023. The promulgation and implementation of this standard play a significant role in improving the product quality of barium sulfate anti-radiation mortar, promoting industry development, and safeguarding the occupational health of workers. To facilitate accurate understanding of the standard clauses and ensure proper implementation of its requirements, this article elaborated on the background, objectives, and significance of the standard development, along with an interpretation of its key clauses.

Postoperative infection of internal fixation of closed fractures the lower limbs in adults represents a devastating complication, characterized by diagnostic challenges, prolonged treatment duration and high disability rates. Current management of these infections faces multiple challenges, such as difficulties in early accurate diagnosis, and various controversies about the treatment plan, leading to poor overall diagnosis and treatment results. To address these issues, based on evidence-based medicine and principles with emphasis on scientific rigor, clinical applicability and innovation, the Trauma Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Orthopedics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Trauma Orthopedics and Polytrauma Group of the Resuscitation and Emergency Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association have collaboratively organized a panel of relevant experts to develop the Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of infection after internal fixation of closed lower limb fractures in adults ( version 2025). The guideline proposed 10 recommendations, aiming to provide a foundation for standardized diagnosis and treatment of postoperative infection in adults with closed lower limb fractures.

Sepsis is a systemic acute and severe condition caused by pathogen infection, which poses a life-threatening risk due to its involvement or accompanying consequence of multiorgan failure. During the COVID-19 pandemic, sepsis was one of the key mechanisms leading to death in COVID-19 patients. Currently, however, there is a lack of systematic comparison regarding the similarities and differences between the mechanisms by which a common pathogen causes host tissue/organ damages and those that lead to sepsis. Most studies have been limited to the interactions between pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). COVID-19-related sepsis clearly indicates that the molecular pathways through which SARS-CoV-2 initiates disease and ultimately causes sepsis are primarily via the binding of its spike proteins to the host cell′s ACE2 receptors, rather than through PAMPs (such as viral RNA) stimulating PRRs/TLR7. Integrating other evidence regarding pathogen-host interactions (e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellar hook protein FlgE stimulating ectopic ATP synthase on surface of vascular endothelial cells), this paper proposes that all molecules of a specific pathogen capable of eliciting reactions in host components constitute the "pathogen-initiated stimulatory molecular panel" (PSMPL), which represents the inherent and relatively constant biological characteristics of that pathogen. Furthermore, all molecular-molecular pairings formed by PSMPL within the host constitute the starting points of all interaction pathways between the pathogen and the host, referred to as "pathogen-initiated stimulatory molecular pairs" (PSMPS). The combinational effects of these molecular pair-mediated stimulations determine the net impact of the pathogen on host cells, tissues, or organs. The introduction of the PSMPL and PSMPS concepts will facilitate deeper and more comprehensive studies of pathogen-host interactions, help to identify new pathways and mechanisms leading to sepsis, and promote the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for sepsis.

OBJECTIVE To detect mutated genes in thyroid cancer using next-generation sequencing(NGS)Panel and analyze genes associated with the prognosis of thyroid cancer.METHODS Samples from 90 newly diagnosed thyroid cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment at Jilin Cancer Hospital from January 2020 to January 2023 were collected.DNA and RNA were extracted from tissue samples and subjected to high-throughput sequencing.Mutated genes were identified,and their correlation with the patients'AJCC TNM staging and prognosis of thyroid cancer was analyzed.RESULTS Several gene mutations,including FN1,SLC34A2,FABP4,SNCA,MATN2,and EIF2AK1,were detected in thyroid cancer.Among them,FN1 mutation was positively correlated with later stages of the AJCC TNM staging,which is closely associated with prognosis.CONCLUSION FN1 gene mutation may serve as a potential genetic biomarker for predicting the prognosis of thyroid cancer.

Currently,a wide range of oral antibacterial materials are clinically used,including metal element antibacterial materials(such as silver,zinc,copper,titanium),and non-metal element antibacterial materials(such as fluorine).In recent years,cerium ox-ide nanoparticles have attracted great interest in the field of oral medicine due to their unique antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antioxi-dant,redox capabilities.At the same time,they also have the characteristics of promoting tissue regeneration,inhibiting biofilm forma-tion and good biocompatibility.To enhance the performance of oral materials,nanoparticles have been integrated into products such as composite resins,adhesives,and denture systems.Additionally,they have shown potential for modifying oral ceramic materials and an-ti-tumor effects.This review focuses on the latest research progress in various fields of oral medicine,including endodontics,periodon-tology,implantology,prosthodontics,and orthodontics,based on the biological characteristics of nano-cerium oxide.Our goal is to re-veal the potential of cerium oxide in the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases and to provide ideas and references for the expansion of clinical applications in oral medicine.

Currently,a wide range of oral antibacterial materials are clinically used,including metal element antibacterial materials(such as silver,zinc,copper,titanium),and non-metal element antibacterial materials(such as fluorine).In recent years,cerium ox-ide nanoparticles have attracted great interest in the field of oral medicine due to their unique antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antioxi-dant,redox capabilities.At the same time,they also have the characteristics of promoting tissue regeneration,inhibiting biofilm forma-tion and good biocompatibility.To enhance the performance of oral materials,nanoparticles have been integrated into products such as composite resins,adhesives,and denture systems.Additionally,they have shown potential for modifying oral ceramic materials and an-ti-tumor effects.This review focuses on the latest research progress in various fields of oral medicine,including endodontics,periodon-tology,implantology,prosthodontics,and orthodontics,based on the biological characteristics of nano-cerium oxide.Our goal is to re-veal the potential of cerium oxide in the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases and to provide ideas and references for the expansion of clinical applications in oral medicine.

Postoperative infection of internal fixation of closed fractures the lower limbs in adults represents a devastating complication, characterized by diagnostic challenges, prolonged treatment duration and high disability rates. Current management of these infections faces multiple challenges, such as difficulties in early accurate diagnosis, and various controversies about the treatment plan, leading to poor overall diagnosis and treatment results. To address these issues, based on evidence-based medicine and principles with emphasis on scientific rigor, clinical applicability and innovation, the Trauma Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Orthopedics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Trauma Orthopedics and Polytrauma Group of the Resuscitation and Emergency Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association have collaboratively organized a panel of relevant experts to develop the Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of infection after internal fixation of closed lower limb fractures in adults ( version 2025). The guideline proposed 10 recommendations, aiming to provide a foundation for standardized diagnosis and treatment of postoperative infection in adults with closed lower limb fractures.

Sepsis is a systemic acute and severe condition caused by pathogen infection, which poses a life-threatening risk due to its involvement or accompanying consequence of multiorgan failure. During the COVID-19 pandemic, sepsis was one of the key mechanisms leading to death in COVID-19 patients. Currently, however, there is a lack of systematic comparison regarding the similarities and differences between the mechanisms by which a common pathogen causes host tissue/organ damages and those that lead to sepsis. Most studies have been limited to the interactions between pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). COVID-19-related sepsis clearly indicates that the molecular pathways through which SARS-CoV-2 initiates disease and ultimately causes sepsis are primarily via the binding of its spike proteins to the host cell′s ACE2 receptors, rather than through PAMPs (such as viral RNA) stimulating PRRs/TLR7. Integrating other evidence regarding pathogen-host interactions (e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellar hook protein FlgE stimulating ectopic ATP synthase on surface of vascular endothelial cells), this paper proposes that all molecules of a specific pathogen capable of eliciting reactions in host components constitute the "pathogen-initiated stimulatory molecular panel" (PSMPL), which represents the inherent and relatively constant biological characteristics of that pathogen. Furthermore, all molecular-molecular pairings formed by PSMPL within the host constitute the starting points of all interaction pathways between the pathogen and the host, referred to as "pathogen-initiated stimulatory molecular pairs" (PSMPS). The combinational effects of these molecular pair-mediated stimulations determine the net impact of the pathogen on host cells, tissues, or organs. The introduction of the PSMPL and PSMPS concepts will facilitate deeper and more comprehensive studies of pathogen-host interactions, help to identify new pathways and mechanisms leading to sepsis, and promote the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for sepsis.

Thyroglossal duct papillary carcinoma is extremely rare in clinical practice.This article reports a case of a thyroglossal duct cyst complicated by thyroid papillary carcinoma,while also reviewing the relevant literature.It summarizes the clinical manifestations,imaging characteristics,and pathological features of thyro-glossal duct papillary carcinoma and discusses the relationship between thyroglossal duct cysts,malignant trans-formation of thyroglossal duct cysts,and thyroid papillary carcinoma.

Objective To explore the relationship of serum micro ribonucleic acid(miR)-124,miR-134 and CT regional assessment grading of pia mater collateral,core infarct volume and prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods A total of 192 patients with acute ischemic stroke(observation group)and 100 healthy volunteers(control group)were selected.The serum miR-124 and miR-134 were compared between the two groups.At the same time,the serum miR-124,miR-134 and the score of pia mater collateral in CT region of patients with different clinical characteristics in the observation group were analyzed.Results The relative expression levels of serum miR-124 and miR-134 in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The relative expression serum miR-124 and miR-134 in patients with core infarct volume≥50 mL in the observation group were significantly higher than those in patients with core infarct volume＜50 mL(P＜0.05).In the observation group,the score of pia mater collateral in CT region of patients with core infarct volume ≥50 mL was significantly lower than that of patients with core infarct volume＜50 mL(P＜0.05).The relative expression levels of serum miR-124 and miR-134 were positively correlated with the core infarct volume(r=0.378 and 0.466,P＜0.05),and the score of pia mater collateral in CT region was negatively correlated with the core infarct volume(r=-0.463,P＜0.05).The relative expression levels of serum miR-124 and miR-134 in patients with poor prognosis were significantly higher than those in patients with good prognosis(P＜0.05),while the score of pia mater collateral in CT region was significantly lower than that in patients with good prognosis(P＜0.05).Conclusion The serum miR-124 and miR-134 in patients with acute ischemic stroke are up-regulated,and miR-124 and miR-134 are positively correlated with the core infarct volume,while the score of pia mater collateral in CT region is negatively correlated with the core infarct volume.At the same time,miR-124,miR-134,and the score of pia mater collateral in CT region may be related to the prognosis of patients.