ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of salt processing of Psoraleae Fructus （PF） through modern analytical techniques and biotechnology， focusing on its effects related to hepatotoxicity and anti-osteoporosis activity. MethodsThe zebrafish model was utilized to evaluate the impact of PF and salt-processed Psoraleae Fructus （SPF） on the hepatotoxicity （using 134.17 ， 178.89， 268.34 mg·L^-1 as low， medium， and high dose groups of PF， 135.04， 180.06， 270.08 mg·L^-1 as low， medium， and high dose groups of SPF， respectively） and anti-osteoporotic activity （using 33.54 ， 67.08 and 134.17 mg·L^-1 as low， medium， and high dose groups of PF， 33.76， 67.52， 135.04 mg·L^-1 as low， medium， and high dose groups of SPF， respectively）， which was using alizarin red skull staining of zebrafish as an indicator of different batches of PF. The specific dosage of a batch of PF was taken as an example. Then ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） analysis was employed to identify the chemical composition of PF before and after salt processing， and PCA， OPLS-DA， and independent sample t-test were used to elucidating the compositional changes associated with the effects of salt processing on hepatotoxicity and anti-osteoporosis activity. ResultsUnder specific conditions， PF induced notable hepatotoxicity in zebrafish while simultaneously demonstrating protective effect against prednisolone-induced osteoporosis. In comparison to PF， SPF showed alleviated hepatotoxicity while retaining significant anti-osteoporosis activity. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis revealed that after salt processing， the overall chemical composition of PF showed a downward trend， with 69 components showing a decrease in content， represented by psoralen， and 13 components showing an increase， represented by 4′-O-methyl psoralen B. Further multivariate statistical analysis revealed 11 key differential components before and after salt processing of PF， including psoralen and bakuchiol. ConclusionSalt processing effectively diminishes hepatotoxicity without impairing therapeutic efficacy against osteoporosis of PF， which may be related to the compositional changes before and after salt processing of PF and provides key evidence to reveal the scientific significance of salt processing of PF.

Objective: To analyze the relationship of gross motor skills and perceptual motor abilities with physical activity levels in preschool children in a Beijing kindergarten, so as to provide a reference for promoting the development of motor competence. Methods: From September 2018 to March 2021, preschoolers aged 4-5 years were selected using convenience sampling method from an urban kindergarten in Beijing. The Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Version(TGMD-3) was used to assess basic preschoolers s gross motor skills ( n =152). The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence(PMSC) was used to evaluate perceptual motor skills ( n =151). Accelerometers (Actigraph GT3X) were used to record physical activity levels ( n =52). Data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: The mean scores for gross motor skills and perceptual motor abilities were (38.76±13.48) and (35.49±6.50), respectively. The moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA) level was(52.60±27.44) minutes per day. No statistically significant correlations were found between gross motor skills, perceptual motor abilities MVPA among boys, girls or the overall group ( r =-0.20 to 0.25, all P >0.05). However, Boys locomotor skills, overall children s locomotor skills, and boys gross motor skills were all positively correlated with MVPA( r =0.34-0.45, all P <0.05). Conclusion There is a correlation between locomotor skills and physical activity levels in 4 to 5-year-old children.

Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) is one of the major histopathological types of lung cancer, accounting for about 85 percent of all lung cancers. The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) alteration in NSCLC include gene mutations, gene amplifications, and protein overexpression, and is one of the important driving target. Currently, the treatment options for HER-2 altered NSCLC are still relatively limited, and more effective drugs are urgently needed. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a highly efficient combination of targeted monoclonal antibodies and cytotoxic drugs that enable precision therapy for tumors. This paper discusses the current status of treating HER-2 variant NSCLC and the research progress of ADCs in HER-2 variant NSCLC, as well as their development prospects in NSCLC.

This study was aimed at investigating differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in Clonorchis sinensis(C.sinensis)meta-cercariae and newly excysted juveniles(NEJs)cultured in vitro for 1 hour or 3 hours,through transcriptomic analysis.Our objective was to explore the mechanisms underlying host invasion.Metacercariae were digested and isolated from Pseudorasbora parva infected with C.sinensis.The metacercariae excysted and developed into NEJs in vitro.Subsequently,the mRNA of metacercariae and NEJs cultured in vitro for 1 hour or 3 hours was extracted for transcriptomic sequencing analysis to screen for DEGs,and to conduct GO and KEGG analyses.A protein-protein interaction network(PPI)was constructed to identify hub genes.A total of 1 218 DEGs were de-tected.The main enriched GO terms of DEGs included transcription regulator activity and gated channel activity(primarily K+).The KEGG pathways significantly enriched in DEGs included cholesterol metabolism,lysosome,synthesis,secretion,and action of para-thyroid hormone.ZFAND4-2,BIRC6,and other genes were screened and identified as hub genes through PPI network analysis.Addi-tionally,abundant differential expression of cathepsin-related genes,including Cathepsin L and Cathepsin F,were observed before and after excystment in C.sinensis.Therefore,significant transcriptional level changes occurred in the metacercariae of C.sinensis be-fore and after excystation,and enrichment was observed primarily in signaling pathways,such as activation of growth and material me-tabolism,that regulate parasite growth and development.Meanwhile,biological events conducive to parasite invasion,migration,and adhesion were triggered.

Objective:To investigate the reliability and validity of different measurement methods under 30° arthroscopy for quantifying the proportion of glenoid bone defect in bony Bankart lesions of the shoulder joint and validate its preliminary application effect.Methods:Eight intact shoulder glenoid specimens were selected, with no existing defects or deformities, from donors of 4 females and 4 males, with their age at death of 43-67 years [(54.4±8.0)years]. Bone defects of 12.5% and 25% were created in the glenoid at 0° and 45° relative to the longitudinal axis, with two specimens per defect category. The defect proportion in each specimen was quantified using direct measurement and CT-based digital reconstruction and these values served as reference standards for subsequent statistical analysis. Using a combined approach of arthroscopic simulation equipment and cadaveric study, five investigators performed simulated examinations through the standard posterior portal (2 cm medial and 1.5 cm inferior to the posterolateral acromial corner) and the modified posteroinferior portal (2 cm medial and 3 cm inferior to the posterolateral acromial corner) separately. Under 30° arthroscopy, the glenoid bone loss percentage was measured using the bare spot method and secant chord method. The reliability was analyzed for these measurements. Furthermore, using direct physical measurements and CT-based three-dimensional reconstruction data from the same specimens as reference standards, the comprehensive validity of four measurement methods was evaluated (standard posterior portal-bare spot method, standard posterior portal-secant chord method, modified posteroinferior portal-bare spot method, and modified posteroinferior portal-secant chord method). The independent validity of each method was assessed according to bone defect morphology classification to determine differences in measurement accuracy across defect types. In an arthroscopic procedure for a patient with Bigliani type IIIB bony Bankart lesion, the standard posterior portal-secant chord method was applied to quantify the proportion of glenoid bone defects.Results:The mean reference values from direct measurement and CT measurement of glenoid bone defect proportion in eight bony Bankart lesion specimens were 12.71%/12.37%, 13.17%/13.10%, 25.71%/24.9%, 26.6%/26.95%, 13.41%/13.10%, 12.90%/12.59%, 26.42%/25.94%, and 26.73%/27.06%, respectively. Measurements obtained by the five investigators showed intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) all greater than 0.90, indicating excellent interobserver agreement. In the validity analysis, the standard posterior portal-secant chord method demonstrated the highest overall validity. Using direct measurement and CT-based measurement as reference standards, the overall validity was (0.90±0.38)% and (1.07±0.53)% for the standard posterior portal-bare spot method, (1.33±0.40)% and (1.51±0.54)% for the modified posteroinferior portal-bare spot method, and (0.53±0.17)% and (0.70±0.38)% ( P<0.05) for the modified posteroinferior portal-secant chord method. In contrast, the standard posterior portal-secant chord method showed an overall validity of (0.10±0.10)% and (0.28±0.39)% ( P>0.05). In subsequent independent validity analyses, the standard posterior portal-secant chord method also demonstrated superior validity across all bone defect subtypes over the other three methods. In a patient with a Bigliani type IIIB bony Bankart lesion, we used the standard posterior portal-secant chord method to quantify the glenoid bone loss in 2 minutes, revealing a defect proportion of 26.6%. An arthroscopic autologous iliac bone graft procedure with single-tunnel elastic fixation guided by this measurement achieved favorable outcomes, with stable reduction, secure internal fixation and favorable recovery of shoulder function at 2 months postoperatively. Conclusion:For various types of bony Bankart lesions, the 30° arthroscopic standard posterior portal-secant chord method provides the most accurate quantification of glenoid bone loss and its preliminary clinical application yields satisfactory results.

Objective:To develop and validate a clinical prediction model for assessing the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in elderly patients undergoing surgery with general anesthesia.Methods:This prospective observational study enrolled patients aged ≥65 years who underwent general anesthesia with mechanical ventilation duration >3 hours across six tertiary hospitals between December 2022 and August 2023. Based on follow-up outcomes (until discharge or postoperative day 7), patients were categorized into a non-PPCs group and a PPCs group. Detailed records included baseline patient characteristics, preoperative comorbidities, surgical information (type, duration), and bedside lung ultrasound scores (LUS) assessed within 24 hours postoperatively using a standardized 12-zone protocol. Predictor selection was performed using LASSO regression. Significant predictors identified were incorporated into a multivariate logistic regression analysis to build the prediction model, visualized as a nomogram. Internal validation was conducted via bootstrap resampling (1 000 repetitions). Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for discrimination, calibration curves for calibration accuracy, and decision curve analysis (DCA) for clinical utility.Results:A total of 130 eligible elderly surgical patients were included. PPCs occurred in 17 patients (incidence rate: 13.1%). Multivariate analysis identified LUS ( OR=1.248, 95% CI: 1.099-1.417, P=0.001) and elective surgery type ( OR=0.206, 95% CI: 0.043-0.988, P=0.048) as independent predictors of PPCs. The nomogram model demonstrated an AUC of 0.867 (95% CI: 0.775-0.959) upon initial testing. Internal validation confirmed good discrimination (AUC=0.863, 95% CI: 0.778-0.972). Calibration curves indicated excellent agreement between predicted probabilities and observed outcomes. Decision curve analysis demonstrated significant clinical net benefit across a wide range of threshold probabilities (0.03-0.89). Conclusions:The clinical prediction model, developed using early postoperative LUS scores and surgical type, effectively predicts the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications in elderly patients following surgery under general anesthesia. The model exhibits strong discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility, providing clinicians with a reliable tool for individualized risk assessment to support clinical decision-making and potentially reduce PPC incidence.

Although the incidence of each type of rare tumor is extremely low, the cumulative patient population is large due to the wide variety of such tumors. The diagnosis and treatment of rare tumors in China are currently faced with numerous challenges, such as diagnostic difficulties and limited therapeutic options: traditional histopathological diagnosis has certain limitations, and most treatment regimens still rely on conventional approaches including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. With the advancement of molecular diagnostic technologies and precision medicine, especially the application of next-generation sequencing, liquid biopsy and artificial intelligence technologies, the diagnostic accuracy of rare tumors has been significantly improved. Meanwhile, innovative therapies such as bispecific antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and gene and cell therapies have brought new hope for patients. In the future, China needs to establish a hierarchical diagnosis and treatment network for rare tumors, strengthen drug development and clinical trial exploration, improve relevant medical insurance policies, and build a prevention, diagnosis and treatment system with Chinese characteristics for rare tumors, so as to provide better diagnosis and treatment services for patients.

ObjectiveTo analyze the hygienic status of tableware cleaning and disinfection in 41 catering facilities of Shanghai in 2020, to identify its influencing factors, so as to propose evidence-based improvements for future scientific supervision. MethodsA field survey was conducted on the cleaning and disinfection methods of tableware in 41 catering establishments in Shanghai. A total of 180 tableware samples were collected and tested for four indicators, including free residual chlorine, anionic synthetic detergent residues, coliforms, and total number of bacterial colonies. The results were classified and statistically analyzed based on the type of catering establishment, tableware material, tableware function, and cleaning and disinfection methods. ResultsThe tableware passed the tests for coliforms and free residual chlorine. The qualification rate for anionic synthetic detergent residues was 48.89% (88/180), with an average of 0.02 mg per 100 cm² and a maximum of0.25 mg per 100 cm² (This unit complied with the requirements of national standardard: GB 14934—2016). Based on the type of catering enterprises, large restaurants had the lowest qualification rate for anionic synthetic detergent residues in tableware at 46.15%. In terms of the function of tableware, chopsticks had the lowest qualification rate for anionic synthetic detergent residues at 26.32%. The detection rate of total number of bacterial colonies in tableware was 42.22% (76/180), with an average of 0.5 log₁₀ (CFU·mL⁻¹) and a maximum of 3.4 log₁₀ (CFU·mL⁻¹). Among them, medium-sized restaurants had the highest detection rate of total number of bacterial colonies in tableware at 47.73% (21/44). ConclusionThe qualification rate of anionic synthetic detergent residues in tableware is relatively low.It is recommended to strengthen research on the occurrence patterns of unqualified tableware and establish early warning values for the qualification rate of anionic synthetic detergent residues, enhance law enforcement inspections on relevant catering establishments, guide enterprises to fulfill their main responsibilities, and improve the quality and safety of tableware.

Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is the most significant controllable risk factor for gastric cancer,and its eradication is a critical component of gastric cancer prevention in China.A family-based screening and treatment strategy for H.pylori aligns well with China's public health needs.It demonstrates higher eradication success rate,lower recurrence rate,and superior cost-effectiveness,making it suitable for both high-and low-prevalence regions.Implementation of this family-based strategy can lead to greater precision,higher efficiency,and overall coverage in gastric cancer prevention in China,offering a scalable"China model"for global gastric cancer control.

As China is a country with high incidence of gastric cancer,it is of great significance to actively carry out mass screening at the population level for early diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.Current practical experience shows that the selection of screening methods and patterns is closely related to the compliance of the target population,screening coverage and lesion detection rate.Currently,mature gastric cancer screening methods include serologic examination,gastroscopy,liquid biopsy,etc.,while screening patterns include"one-step strategy"based on gastroscopy and"sequential strategy"combining serologic examination and gastroscopy.The purpose of this paper is to review the current mainstream status of gastric cancer screening methods and patterns,and to draw on the potential advantages of other cancer screening methods,with a view to providing reference for the exploration of feasible pathways for gastric cancer screening,and further contributing to the standardization of gastric cancer screening in China.