Objective:To evaluate the clinical diagnosis and laparoscopic surgical management of diaphragmatic rupture.Methods:Clinical data of 19 patients diagnosed with diaphragmatic hernia secondary to diaphragmatic rupture, admitted to the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from Jan 2022 to Sep 2024 was retrospectively analyzed.Results:There were 7 males and 12 females. Traumatic etiology was confirmed in 9 cases, all developed after closed injuries, including one vehicular accident, seven blunt traumas, and one fall from height. Iatrogenic factors accounted for the remaining 10 cases. Left-sided diaphragmatic hernias were observed in 13 patients, while right-sided hernias occurred in 6 patients. Hiatal hernias were complicated in 5 patients. All patients underwent elective laparoscopic tension-free repair using composite patch for defect closure. Postoperatively, one patient was readmitted into ICU due to reexpansion pulmonary edema but was subsequently discharged following recovery. The median postoperative hospital stay was 10 days.Conclusions:The incidence of diaphragmatic rupture is relatively uncommon, primarily occurring as a result of traumatic or iatrogenic injuries. Early diagnosis coupled with prompt laparoscopic surgical intervention has proven to be effective in managing this condition.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of body posture combined with pharmacotherapy and pharmacotherapy alone in the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma(CSDH).Methods:Firstly, retrospective case series study was conducted. Thirty cases of CSDH that had received body posture combined with pharmacotherapy at Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from December 2016 to October 2020 were studied retrospectively. Twenty-seven patients were male, and 3 patients were female. The age of patients ( M(IQR)) was 66(16) years (range:28 to 84). Nineteen patients had unilateral hematoma, and 11 patients had bilateral hematoma. All patients received pharmacotherapy and body posture therapy that was to raise their lower limbs 20 to 30 cm with leg lift pad and get abdominal compressed with customized abdominal belt in supine position. Patients were required to maintain the body posture as much as possible, with the maximum to 16 to 18 hours per day. Patients with unilateral hematoma should tilt the head to the affected side and avoid tilting it to the opposite side. For patients with bilateral hematoma, there was no need for head lateralization. Patient were treated with oral dexamethasone and atorvastatin simultaneously. The preliminary efficacy of body posture combined with pharmacotherapy was determined by hematoma improvement rate which was analyzed by Clopper-Pearson method. Then, the multi-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial had carried out in 9 medical centers from August 2020 to November 2021. The stratified block randomization method was adopted. Patients were randomized in a ratio of 1∶1 to either receive pharmacotherapy alone(the control group) or body posture combined with pharmacotherapy(the experiment group) for 3 months and followed up for 6 months. Effective treatment was defined as complete absorption of hematoma, or the hematoma volume decreased by more than 10 ml and Markwalder grading scale score had improved by more than 1 point compared to the baseline. The efficacy rate and surgery conversion rate at 3 months and recurrence at 6 months were observed. Comparison between groups was performed with paired sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test, corrected χ2 test, or Fisher exact probability method. Logistic regression was used to compare the effective rate and operation rate between the two groups. Results:In the respective study, 30 patients completed follow-up 13 to 353 days after treatment. At the last follow-up, the incidence of almost complete absorption or significantly absorption of hematoma (hematoma volume was significantly reduced accompanied by symptom improvement) was 93.3%. The 95% CI for the incidence that analyzed by the Clopper-Pearson method was 77.9% to 99.2%. One hundred and six patients were enrolled in the multicenter study. Fifty-five patients underwent body posture combined with pharmacotherapy. The age was 74(17) years (range:26 to 92). Thirty-nine patients were males and 16 were females. Fifty-one patients underwent pharmacotherapy alone. The age was 69(12) years (range:48 to 84). Thirty-seven patients were males and 14 were females. The length of body posture recorded in diary card was (15.7±2.3) hours(range:7.6 to 19.3 hours). The efficacy rate in the body posture combined with pharmacotherapy group and pharmacotherapy alone group were 83.6% (46/55) and 56.9% (29/51), respectively at 3 months. The result of the logistic regression analysis showed that the efficacy of body posture combined with pharmacotherapy group was better than that of pharmacotherapy alone group ( OR=3.88,95% CI:1.57 to 9.58, P=0.003). Surgery rate in the body posture combined with pharmacotherapy group and pharmacotherapy alone group were 5.5% (3/55) and 21.6% (11/51) respectively. The result of Logistic regression showed that the pharmacotherapy alone group was more likely to be converted to surgery ( OR=0.21,95% CI:0.05 to 0.80, P=0.023). At the 6 months, no recurrence of cases was found in the body posture combined with pharmacotherapy group. However, the recurrence rate of pharmacotherapy alone group was 6.3% (3/48), there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The effect of body posture combined with pharmacotherapy for chronic subdural hematoma is better than that of pharmacotherapy alone.

Objective The measurement characteristics of body image specificity evaluation tools for burn patients were systematically evaluated,aims to provide reference for selecting appropriate assessment tools.Methods CNKI,Wanfang data knowledge service platform,VIP database,China Biomedical Literature Service system,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched by computer to collect and evaluate the measurement characteristics of burn patients'body image specificity evaluation tools from the establishment of the database to April 15,2024.There were 2 researchers who independently reviewed the collected literature,looked for the full text and extracted information.At the same time,the methodological quality and measurement performance of such assessment tools were systematically evaluated under the guidance of consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instrument(COSMIN)guidelines.Finally,the quality and strength were rated to form a recommendation.Results A total of 6 studies were included,including 3 evaluation tools for body image specificity of burn patients,namely the Body Image Quality of Life Inventory into Brazilian Portuguese(BIQLI-BP),Satisfaction with Appearance Scale(SWAP),and the Derriford Appearance Scale 59(DAS59).In the development of PROMs,the overall quality of BIQLI-BP,SWAP and DAS59 is"doubtful".In terms of content validity,the methodological quality of BIQLI-BP,SWAP and DAS59 was evaluated as"doubtful".In terms of construct validity,the methodological quality of SWAP and DAS59 was evaluated as"good"and"very good"respectively,while the methodological quality of BIQLI-BP was"inadequate".In terms of internal consistency,the methodological quality of BIQLI-BP,SWAP and DAS59 was"very good".In terms of stability,the BIQLI-BP and DAS59 were"unreported",and the methodological quality evaluation of the SWAP was"doubtful".In terms of criterion validity,the BIQLI-BP and DAS59 scales were"unreported",and the methodological quality evaluation of the SWAP scale was"inadequate".In terms of measurement errors,the BIQLI-BP and DAS59 scales were"unreported",and the methodological quality evaluation of the SWAP scale was"doubtful".In the aspect of hypothesis test,except that the DAS59 scale is"unreported",the methodological quality of BIQLI-BP scale is"very good"and the evaluation of SWAP scale is"doubtful".Conclusion Among the existing body image specificity evaluation tools for burn patients,the SWAP has good measurement performance and it can be recommended for the time being.The number of specific evaluation tools for body image of burn patients in China is relatively insufficient,and more localization studies should be carried out in the future.

Objective The measurement characteristics of body image specificity evaluation tools for burn patients were systematically evaluated,aims to provide reference for selecting appropriate assessment tools.Methods CNKI,Wanfang data knowledge service platform,VIP database,China Biomedical Literature Service system,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched by computer to collect and evaluate the measurement characteristics of burn patients'body image specificity evaluation tools from the establishment of the database to April 15,2024.There were 2 researchers who independently reviewed the collected literature,looked for the full text and extracted information.At the same time,the methodological quality and measurement performance of such assessment tools were systematically evaluated under the guidance of consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instrument(COSMIN)guidelines.Finally,the quality and strength were rated to form a recommendation.Results A total of 6 studies were included,including 3 evaluation tools for body image specificity of burn patients,namely the Body Image Quality of Life Inventory into Brazilian Portuguese(BIQLI-BP),Satisfaction with Appearance Scale(SWAP),and the Derriford Appearance Scale 59(DAS59).In the development of PROMs,the overall quality of BIQLI-BP,SWAP and DAS59 is"doubtful".In terms of content validity,the methodological quality of BIQLI-BP,SWAP and DAS59 was evaluated as"doubtful".In terms of construct validity,the methodological quality of SWAP and DAS59 was evaluated as"good"and"very good"respectively,while the methodological quality of BIQLI-BP was"inadequate".In terms of internal consistency,the methodological quality of BIQLI-BP,SWAP and DAS59 was"very good".In terms of stability,the BIQLI-BP and DAS59 were"unreported",and the methodological quality evaluation of the SWAP was"doubtful".In terms of criterion validity,the BIQLI-BP and DAS59 scales were"unreported",and the methodological quality evaluation of the SWAP scale was"inadequate".In terms of measurement errors,the BIQLI-BP and DAS59 scales were"unreported",and the methodological quality evaluation of the SWAP scale was"doubtful".In the aspect of hypothesis test,except that the DAS59 scale is"unreported",the methodological quality of BIQLI-BP scale is"very good"and the evaluation of SWAP scale is"doubtful".Conclusion Among the existing body image specificity evaluation tools for burn patients,the SWAP has good measurement performance and it can be recommended for the time being.The number of specific evaluation tools for body image of burn patients in China is relatively insufficient,and more localization studies should be carried out in the future.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical diagnosis and laparoscopic surgical management of diaphragmatic rupture.Methods:Clinical data of 19 patients diagnosed with diaphragmatic hernia secondary to diaphragmatic rupture, admitted to the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from Jan 2022 to Sep 2024 was retrospectively analyzed.Results:There were 7 males and 12 females. Traumatic etiology was confirmed in 9 cases, all developed after closed injuries, including one vehicular accident, seven blunt traumas, and one fall from height. Iatrogenic factors accounted for the remaining 10 cases. Left-sided diaphragmatic hernias were observed in 13 patients, while right-sided hernias occurred in 6 patients. Hiatal hernias were complicated in 5 patients. All patients underwent elective laparoscopic tension-free repair using composite patch for defect closure. Postoperatively, one patient was readmitted into ICU due to reexpansion pulmonary edema but was subsequently discharged following recovery. The median postoperative hospital stay was 10 days.Conclusions:The incidence of diaphragmatic rupture is relatively uncommon, primarily occurring as a result of traumatic or iatrogenic injuries. Early diagnosis coupled with prompt laparoscopic surgical intervention has proven to be effective in managing this condition.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of body posture combined with pharmacotherapy and pharmacotherapy alone in the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma(CSDH).Methods:Firstly, retrospective case series study was conducted. Thirty cases of CSDH that had received body posture combined with pharmacotherapy at Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from December 2016 to October 2020 were studied retrospectively. Twenty-seven patients were male, and 3 patients were female. The age of patients ( M(IQR)) was 66(16) years (range:28 to 84). Nineteen patients had unilateral hematoma, and 11 patients had bilateral hematoma. All patients received pharmacotherapy and body posture therapy that was to raise their lower limbs 20 to 30 cm with leg lift pad and get abdominal compressed with customized abdominal belt in supine position. Patients were required to maintain the body posture as much as possible, with the maximum to 16 to 18 hours per day. Patients with unilateral hematoma should tilt the head to the affected side and avoid tilting it to the opposite side. For patients with bilateral hematoma, there was no need for head lateralization. Patient were treated with oral dexamethasone and atorvastatin simultaneously. The preliminary efficacy of body posture combined with pharmacotherapy was determined by hematoma improvement rate which was analyzed by Clopper-Pearson method. Then, the multi-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial had carried out in 9 medical centers from August 2020 to November 2021. The stratified block randomization method was adopted. Patients were randomized in a ratio of 1∶1 to either receive pharmacotherapy alone(the control group) or body posture combined with pharmacotherapy(the experiment group) for 3 months and followed up for 6 months. Effective treatment was defined as complete absorption of hematoma, or the hematoma volume decreased by more than 10 ml and Markwalder grading scale score had improved by more than 1 point compared to the baseline. The efficacy rate and surgery conversion rate at 3 months and recurrence at 6 months were observed. Comparison between groups was performed with paired sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test, corrected χ2 test, or Fisher exact probability method. Logistic regression was used to compare the effective rate and operation rate between the two groups. Results:In the respective study, 30 patients completed follow-up 13 to 353 days after treatment. At the last follow-up, the incidence of almost complete absorption or significantly absorption of hematoma (hematoma volume was significantly reduced accompanied by symptom improvement) was 93.3%. The 95% CI for the incidence that analyzed by the Clopper-Pearson method was 77.9% to 99.2%. One hundred and six patients were enrolled in the multicenter study. Fifty-five patients underwent body posture combined with pharmacotherapy. The age was 74(17) years (range:26 to 92). Thirty-nine patients were males and 16 were females. Fifty-one patients underwent pharmacotherapy alone. The age was 69(12) years (range:48 to 84). Thirty-seven patients were males and 14 were females. The length of body posture recorded in diary card was (15.7±2.3) hours(range:7.6 to 19.3 hours). The efficacy rate in the body posture combined with pharmacotherapy group and pharmacotherapy alone group were 83.6% (46/55) and 56.9% (29/51), respectively at 3 months. The result of the logistic regression analysis showed that the efficacy of body posture combined with pharmacotherapy group was better than that of pharmacotherapy alone group ( OR=3.88,95% CI:1.57 to 9.58, P=0.003). Surgery rate in the body posture combined with pharmacotherapy group and pharmacotherapy alone group were 5.5% (3/55) and 21.6% (11/51) respectively. The result of Logistic regression showed that the pharmacotherapy alone group was more likely to be converted to surgery ( OR=0.21,95% CI:0.05 to 0.80, P=0.023). At the 6 months, no recurrence of cases was found in the body posture combined with pharmacotherapy group. However, the recurrence rate of pharmacotherapy alone group was 6.3% (3/48), there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The effect of body posture combined with pharmacotherapy for chronic subdural hematoma is better than that of pharmacotherapy alone.

Objective:To assess the methodological and measurement quality of comprehensive assessment tools for evaluating senile dementia, in order to provide evidence-based guidance for clinical selection of the best assessment tool.Methods:Manually searched CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, SinoMed, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, ProQuest, Ovid and Scopus databases to collect and evaluate comprehensive assessment tool measurements forsenile dementia. For research on academic attributes, the search time limit was from the establishment of the database to January 4th, 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted information, used the COSMIN guidelines to evaluate the included assessment tools, and formed final recommendations.Results:A total of 14 articles were included, including 9 comprehensive assessment tools for the elderly with dementia. Among them, the Care Needs Assessment Scale for Alzheimer′s Disease Patients had moderate and above evidence proving that its content validity and internal consistency were "sufficient", so it was a category A strong recommendation. The remaining 8 evaluation tools were all category B recommendations.Conclusions:Among the existing comprehensive assessment tools for the elderly with dementia, the Care Needs Assessment Scale for Alzheimer′s Disease Patients has good reliability and validity. This scale has 4 dimensions and 16 items. However, there are uncertainties and unmentioned measurement properties of the scale in terms of cross-cultural validity/measurement equivalence, stability, measurement error, hypothesis testing, calibration validity, and responsiveness. More evidence is needed in the future to further comprehensively validate and improve it, providing a basis for selecting a more effective, comprehensive and high-quality comprehensive assessment tool for the elderly with dementia.

Bladder cancer(BC)is one of the 3 common malignant tumors in the urinary system,with high incidence,easy metastasis,poor therapeutic efficacy,and poor prognosis,which seriously threatens the health of human.Tumor cells exhibit a strong demand for iron,and iron overload can induce ferroptosis,which is an iron dependent cell death caused by lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage.Therefore,ferroptosis has strong anti-tumor potential.The molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis is associated with abnormalities in cellular phospholipid metabolism and iron metabolism,and dysregulation of antioxidant and non-antioxidant systems Xc-/glutathione(GSH)/glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4).Ferroptosis relevant molecules play important roles in the occurrence and development,metastasis,drug resistance,and immune response of BC,and are expected to become targets for the treatment of BC.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the effect of a nanomaterial-based miR-320a inhibitor sustained release system in trauma-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (TIONFH). METHODS: The miR-320a inhibitor-loaded polyethylene glycol (PEG)- Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)- Poly-L-lysine (PLL) nanoparticles were constructed using the double emulsion method. The TIONFH rabbit model was established to observe the effects of miR-320a inhibitor nanoparticles in vivo. Hematoxylin–eosin staining and microcomputed tomography scanning were used for bone morphology analysis. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), derived from TIONFH rabbits, were used for in vitro experiments. Cell viability was determined using the MTT assay. RESULTS: High expression of miR-320a inhibited the osteogenic differentiation capacity of BMSCs in vitro by inhibiting the expression of the osteoblastic differentiation markers ALP and RUNX2. MiR-320a inhibitor-loaded PEG-PLGA-PLL nanoparticles were constructed with a mean loading efficiency of 1.414 ± 0.160%, and a mean encapsulation efficiency of 93.45 ± 1.24%, which released 50% of the loaded miR-320a inhibitor at day 12 and 80% on day 18. Then, inhibitor release entered the plateau. After treatment with the miR-320a inhibitor nanoparticle, the empty lacunae were decreased in the femoral head tissue of TIONFH rabbits, and the osteoblast surface/bone surface (Ob.S/BS), osteoblast number/bone perimeter (Ob.N/B.Pm), bone volume fraction, and bone mineral density increased. Additionally, the expression of osteogenic markers RUNX2 and ALP was significantly elevated in the TIONFH rabbit model. CONCLUSION The miR-320a inhibitor-loaded PEG-PLGA-PLL nanoparticle sustained drug release system significantly contributed to bone regeneration in the TIONFH rabbit model, which might be a promising strategy for the treatment of TIONFH.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has stimulated tremendous efforts to develop therapeutic agents that target severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 to control viral infection. So far, a few small-molecule antiviral drugs, including nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (Paxlovid), remdesivir, and molnupiravir have been marketed for the treatment of COVID-19. Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir has been recommended by the World Health Organization as an early treatment for outpatients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. However, the existing treatment options have limitations, and effective treatment strategies that are cost-effective and convenient for tackling COVID-19 are still needed. To date, four domestically developed oral anti-COVID-19 drugs have been granted conditional market approval in China. These drugs include azvudine, simnotrelvir-ritonavir (Xiannuoxin), leritrelvir, and mindeudesivir (VV116). Preclinical and clinical studies have explored the efficacy and tolerability of mindeudesivir and supported its early use in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 cases at high risk for progression. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings regarding the pharmacological mechanism and therapeutic effects focusing on mindeudesivir and other small-molecule antiviral agents for COVID-19. These findings will expand our understanding and highlight the potential widespread application of China's homegrown anti-COVID-19 drugs.
Humans ; Ritonavir/therapeutic use* ; COVID-19 ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use* ; China ; Nitriles ; Lactams ; Proline ; Adenosine/analogs & derivatives* ; Leucine