Oligoasthenospermia （OAS） is the common cause of male infertility，bringing fertility problems to many families. Its pathogenesis is complex，involving endocrine disorders，reproductive system infection，oxidative stress injury，immune dysfunction and other aspects. At present，the Western medicine treatment of OAS is mainly based on drugs，surgery，and assisted reproductive technology. However，drug therapy has certain side effects，and long-term use is easy to produce drug resistance. Surgical treatment has certain trauma and risk. Assisted reproductive technology is not widely available because of its high cost. Therefore，there is an urgent need to develop safer，economical，and effective treatment options. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has obvious advantages in the treatment of OAS. It can play a role in the treatment of OAS by reducing oxidative stress，inhibiting inflammatory response，reducing apoptosis，and regulating cell autophagy through multiple pathways and targets. Recent studies have shown that TCM compound prescriptions，single medicinal materials，medicinal pairs，and their active components can ameliorate OAS by regulating several key signaling pathways such as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt） pathway，Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3（JAK2/STAT3） pathway，nuclear factor E₂-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 （Nrf2/HO-1） pathway，stem cell factor/tyrosine kinase receptor （SCF/c-kit） pathway，nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） pathway，transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）/Smads pathway，and extracellular regulated protein kinase （ERK） pathway. This article summarizes the role of the above signaling pathways in the occurrence and development of OAS and the therapeutic mechanism of TCM，aiming to provide a scientific basis for the clinical treatment of OAS and the research and development of drugs.

Erectile Dysfunction(ED)is a relatively common clinical condition characterized by male sexual dysfunction.Macrophages,as key components of the immune and inflammatory response systems,play crucial roles in immune surveillance,tissue repair,and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in processes related to erectile function.Immune inflammation is recognized as one of the pathological factors contributing to ED,and inflammatory markers—including macrophages—are widely believed to be closely associated with the onset of the disorder.This review summarizes the multifaceted roles of macrophages in vascular injury,neural repair,hormonal balance,and immune microenvironment remodeling in the context of erection.It aims to provide a theoretical foundation for further investigation into the involvement of macrophages in ED and discusses the potential of macrophage-targeted therapies for treating ED.

Erectile Dysfunction(ED)is a relatively common clinical condition characterized by male sexual dysfunction.Macrophages,as key components of the immune and inflammatory response systems,play crucial roles in immune surveillance,tissue repair,and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in processes related to erectile function.Immune inflammation is recognized as one of the pathological factors contributing to ED,and inflammatory markers—including macrophages—are widely believed to be closely associated with the onset of the disorder.This review summarizes the multifaceted roles of macrophages in vascular injury,neural repair,hormonal balance,and immune microenvironment remodeling in the context of erection.It aims to provide a theoretical foundation for further investigation into the involvement of macrophages in ED and discusses the potential of macrophage-targeted therapies for treating ED.

Objective To summarize our experience and the early and midterm outcomes of stented elephant trunk procedure for right-sided aortic arch (RAA) with Kommerell's diverticulum (KD). Methods From April 2013 to July 2020, patients with RAA and KD who underwent stented elephant trunk procedure at our center were collected. Surgery was performed under moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest combined with selective antegrade cerebral perfusion via median sternotomy. Results A total of 8 patients were included, including 7 males and 1 female with a mean age of 51.88±9.61 years. All patients had an aneurysmal KD and aberrant left subclavian artery. Preoperative comorbidities included acute Stanford type B aortic dissection in 1 patient, aortic arch pseudoaneurysm in 1 patient, acute type B intramural hematoma in 2 patients, and coronary artery disease in 1 patient. Concomitant procedures included reconstruction of the left subclavian artery in all patients and coronary artery bypass grafting in 1 patient. The mean time of operation, cardiopulmonary bypass, aortic cross-clamping, and selective cerebral perfusion was 6.25±1.16 h, 157.75±40.07 min, 77.75±33.10 min, and 28.50±5.55 min, respectively. No intraoperative death occurred. There was 1 in-hospital death. Follow-up was completed in all patients with a mean period of 3.58±2.08 years. No late death occurred. A persistent anastomotic leak of the proximal arch was detected in 1 patient, but reintervention was not performed because neither aortic dilatation nor symptoms of tracheal and esophageal compression were observed during the follow-up. The remaining 6 patients showed positive aortic remodeling with complete thrombosis of the aneurysmal KD, and neither aortic event nor tracheal and esophageal compression occurred. Conclusion Stented elephant trunk procedure is a safe and feasible technique for selected patients with RAA and KD, which can achieve favorable early and midterm outcomes.

Objective:To summarize our experience and outcomes of surgical repair of type Ⅱ right-sided aortic arch(RAA) with Kommerell's diverticulum(KD).Methods:From May 2010 to August 2020, a total of 13 patients with type Ⅱ RAA and KD underwent surgery at our center. Mean age was(50.46±10.31) years, 10 were male, and 3 were female. All patients had an aneurysmal KD and aberrant left subclavian artery(ALSA). Preoperative comorbidities included type B aortic dissection in 1 case, aortic arch pseudoaneurysm in 2 cases, and type B intramural hematoma in 2 cases, respectively. Eight(61.5%) patients underwent stented elephant trunk procedures under moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest combined with selective antegrade cerebral perfusion via median sternotomy, and all of them had ALSA reconstruction. Five(38.5%) patients underwent distal arch and descending thoracic aortic replacement through a right posterolateral thoracotomy, the ALSA was reconstructed or ligated in 1 each, and ALSA embolization was performed before surgery in the other 3 cases.Results:No operation deaths occurred. Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury occurred in 2 cases. There was 1(7.69%) in-hospital death. Follow-up was complete in 100 % at mean(5.28±3.84) years. No late death occurred. A persistent anastomotic leak of the proximal arch was detected in a patient who underwent stented elephant trunk procedure, but no aortic dilatation or tracheal and esophageal compression was observed during follow-up. Meanwhile, aortic events, limb ischemia, or symptoms of tracheal and esophageal compression were not observed in the remaining 11 patients.Conclusion:Surgical repair of type Ⅱ RAA with KD can achieve favorable early and midterm outcomes. Surgical strategies should be chosen based on the anatomy of the aorta and whether it is combined with compression symptoms.

Objective To systematically evaluate the relation between prognostic nutrition index (PNI) and prognosis of bladder cancer (BC) patients treated with radical cystectomy (RC). Methods We searched the literatures about the relation between PNI and the prognosis of patients treated with radical cystectomy published from the inception to January 30, 2021 in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and Chinese Medical Journal Database, and used RevMan5.3 software for Meta analysis. Results We included six literatures which comprise a total of 1273 patients. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between low PNI and OS of BC patients treated with RC (HR=2.0, 95%CI: 1.56-2.56), and there was a significant difference in RFS, PFS and DSS between low PNI and BC patients treated with RC (HR=1.93, 95%CI: 1.51-2.48). In the subgroup analysis, there were statistical differences in PNI and the prognosis of BC patients treated with RC between the Chinese group (HR=2.13, 95%CI: 1.62-2.81) and the Japanese group (HR=1.78, 95%CI: 1.08-2.94), and the PNI cutoff value had a good predictive effect on the prognosis of patients in the range of 46.08-51.30. Conclusion There is a significant relation between the level of PNI and OS of bladder cancer patients treated with radical cystectomy. Low PNI can be used as an effective marker to predict the prognosis of patients.

Objective:To explore the effect of family function combined with positive suggestion on self-assessment and quality of life of patients with ischemic stroke.Methods:Totally 120 patients with ischemic stroke admitted to hospital from May 2018 to May 2019 were selected by experimental research method, and they were divided into control group and observation group according to the random alphabet, with 60 cases in each, the control group was given positive suggestion, while the observation group was given family function combined positive suggestion, the Activities of Daily Life (ADL), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the MOS item short form Health Survey (SF-36) were compared before and after nursing and nursing satisfaction.Results:Before nursing, the ADL scores of the observation group and the control group were (34.61±4.36), (35.58±4.82) points, GSES scores were (17.94±2.48), (17.38±2.62) points, SAS scores were (61.82±6.57), (61.37±6.64) points, SDS scores were (63.71±6.65), (63.28±6.94) points respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P> 0.05); after nursing, the ADL score of the observation group was (69.85±7.84) points, higher than (58.39±6.72) points of the control group, the GSES score was (24.25±2.69) points, higher than (20.48±2.31) points of the control group, the SAS score was (47.64±4.91) points, lower than (54.52±5.83) points of the control group, and the SDS score was (50.29±5.26) points,lower than (54.15±5.91) points of the control group ( t values were from 3.779 to 8.597, P< 0.05). There was no significant difference in SF-36 score between the two groups before nursing ( P> 0.05), and the improvement of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group after nursing ( t values were 2.037-3.656, P< 0.05). The nursing satisfaction of the observation group was 90.00% (54/60), higher than 75.00% (45/60) of the control group ( χ2 value was 4.675, P< 0.05). Conclusion:Family function combined with positive suggestion can significantly improve the life ability and self-efficacy of patients with ischemic stroke, relieve anxiety and depression, significantly improve the quality of life, and obtain satisfactory nursing effect.

Objective To summarize the experience of anterolateral percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) in the treatment of cervical metastases in advanced lung cancer,and to evaluate its therapeutic effect on patients with cervical metastases in advanced lung cancer.Methods A total of 27 patients with advanced cervical spine metastases were enrolled from July 2009 to September 2018 in Department of Orthopaedics,Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical University.A retrospective analysis was performed on 20 patients who underwent PVP and had complete follow-up data.There were 12 males and 8 females,aged (59.15±7.55) years.A total of 32 cervical metastases were performed.Bone cement leakage was observed by X-ray and CT after operation,and complications were recorded during and after operation.Follow-up visits were made by outpatient or telephone until the 3rd month after the operation.By comparing visual analogue scale (VAS),analgesic use score,cervical dysfunction index (NDI) and KPS before and after operation,the improvement of the quality of life of patients after operation was comprehensively evaluated.The measurement data were expressed as (Mean ± SD).The paired t test was used to test the normal distribution of the paired difference before and after the operation,and the paired rank sum test was used to test the difference before and after the operation which did not conform to the normal distribution.Results The preoperative Tokuhashi correction score was (7.15 ± 2.87) score in 20 patients and the Tomita score was (7.55 ± 2.21) score.The single-segment cervical vertebrae cement injection volume was (1.17 ± 0.25) ml.The postoperative cement leakage rate was 53.13％ (17/32),but no serious complications.VAS before surgery and 3 months after surgery [preoperative (8.30 ± 1.08) score,postoperative (3.60 ± 1.67) score,P =0.000)],analgesic use score [preoperative (3.35 ± 0.59) score,postoperative (1.70 ± 0.80) score,P =0.000],cervical dysfunction index [preoperative (63.10 ± 7.94) score,postoperative (42.55 ± 15.69) score,P =0.000)] and KPS [Preoperative (54.50 ± 6.86) score,postoperative (61.67 ± 12.95) score,P =0.011] were significantly improved,and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion PVP via anterolateral approach is effective in the treatment of advanced cervical metastases of lung cancer,and can effectively improve the quality of life of patients with advanced cervical metastases,but the surgical leakage rate is high and needs attention.

In order to study the significance of CD276 and CD133 in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC),the expression of CD276 and CD133 was detected by immunohistochemistry in CRC and precancerous lesions.The results showed that the intensity of CD276 and CD133 in CRC samples was higher than that in adenoma group and non-adenoma group.CD276 and CD133 single and double positive expression were significantly correlated with CRC lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis and survival.CD276 and CD133 are significantly correlated to the development and progression of CRC and associated with poor prognosis.

BACKGROUND:Oligodendrocytes are mostly differentiated from oligodendrocyte precursor cel s. A suitable medium and cel seeding density have a significant impact on the process of the isolation of oligodendrocyte precursor cel s to obtain oligodendrocytes. OBJECTIVE:To explore the optimization of oligodendrocyte culture conditions. METHODS:Oligodendrocyte precursor cel s isolated from the newborn rats 48 hours after birth were cultured in DMEM/high glucose medium or DMEM/F12 medium using seeding densities of 2×104 cel s/cm2, 4×104 cel s/cm2, 8×104 cel s/cm2, 16×104 cel s/cm2, 32×104 cel s/cm2, and 64×104 cel s/cm2, respectively. Oligodendrocyte precursor cel s were induced to differentiate into oligodendrocytes at 72 hours after cel adhesion. Morphology of differentiated oligodendrocyte precursor cel s were observed under a light microscope, and the differentiation results were identified by immunofluorescence staining after 7-day induced differentiation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Morphology of oligodendrocyte precursor cel s were recognized when cultured in DMEM/high glucose medium or DMEM/F12 medium using seeding densities of 2×104 cel s/cm2, 4×104 cel s/cm2, and 8×104 cel s/cm2, respectively. Immunofluorescence staining showed that myelin basic protein-positive cel s were found after 7-day induced differentiation, and the positive cel number were 16.40±3.30, 49.95±2.33, and 76.95±4.86 in DMEM/F12 medium, and 12.65±2.53, 32.10±1.17, and 54.05±1.56 in DMEM/high glucose medium (P<0.05). These findings indicate that DMEM/F12 medium is more suitable for culturing oligodendrocyte precursor cel s compared with DMEM/high glucose medium to some extent. The number of differentiated oligodendrocytes was gradual y increased with the enhanced seeding density of oligodendrocyte precursor cel s, and the seeding densities from 4×104 to 8×104 cel s/cm2 were appropriate for the observation of cel morphology.