Objective To establish a classification tree model for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)among aircrews,screen for influencing factors of NAFLD,so as to provide scientific basis for prevention and intervention decisions for NAFLD.Methods Aircrews who underwent recuperation at a sanatorium from January 2019 to December 2023 were selected as the research objects.Their annual physical examination data were collected and the NAFLD detection rate was calculated.Age,body mass index(BMI),blood pressure,waist circumference,blood routine,biochemistry indexes,and thyroid function were incorporated,and a NAFLD risk model was constructed using classification regression tree method.The predictive performance of the NAFLD classification tree model was evaluated through model misclassification matrix,risk statistics,and receiver operating characteristic curve.Results A total of 4088 aircrews were included in the study,and NAFLD was detected in 380 persons(380/4088,9.30%).The NAFLD model consisted of three layers,and five explanatory variables affecting the onset of NAFLD were extracted,including BMI,triglycerides(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),and total bilirubin(TBIL).BMI was located at the top of the classification tree and was the most important risk factor for NAFLD in aircrews.The area under the curve(AUC)of the model was 0.853.The predictive accuracy of NAFLD was 90.9%,indicating that the model has good accuracy and fitting effect.Conclusion In this study,the detection rate of NAFLD in aircrews was 9.30%.BMI,TG,HDL-C,ALT,and TBIL are risk factors for the onset of NAFLD.NAFLD is mainly related to weight gain and lipid metabolism disorders caused by unhealthy lifestyles.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia of the fallopian tubes.Methods:Sixteen cases of pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia of the fallopian tubes diagnosed at Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University from January 2011 to January 2024 were collected.The pathological sections were reviewed, the clinical and pathological data were consulted, and immunohistochemical examination was conducted along with follow-up.Results:The patients were aged from 19 to 57 years, with an average age of 41 and a median age of 38. Among the 16 cases, 4 were located in the right fallopian tubes, 6 in the left fallopian tubes, while the remaining cases presented bilaterally. The general manifestations were tubal edema, crispness and purulent secretion in the lumen. Morphologically, the fallopian tube mucosa exhibited a significant infiltration of neutrophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells. The epithelial cells of the fallopian tube displayed evident proliferation, stratification and disorganized arrangement leading to formation of small glandular cavity with back-to-back, fissure-like and sieve-like structures. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed positivity for CK7 and WT1, along with wild-type p53 expression, Ki-67 index ranged from 5% to 20%. During the follow-up period ranging from 1 to 156 months, all the patients remained free of disease.Conclusions:Pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia of the fallopian tube is a rare non-neoplastic lesion, which can lead to epithelial hyperplasia and atypical hyperplasia. The most important significance of recognizing this lesion lies in avoiding misdiagnosis of fallopian tube cancer during intraoperative and postoperative pathological examination. This ensures that clinicians can administer correct clinical interventions.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to analyze the current indoor radon level and estimate the population risk of radon-induced lung cancer in urban areas of China. METHODS: Using the passive monitoring method, a new survey on indoor radon concentrations was conducted in 2,875 dwellings across 31 provincial capital cities in Chinese mainland from 2018 to 2023. The attributable risk of lung cancer induced by indoor radon exposure was estimated based on the risk assessment model. RESULTS: The arithmetic mean (AM) and geometric mean (GM) of indoor radon concentrations were 65 Bq/m³ and 55 Bq/m³, respectively, with 13.6% of measured dwellings exceeding 100 Bq/m³ and 0.6% exceeding 300 Bq/m³. The estimated number of lung cancer deaths induced by indoor radon exposure was 150,795, accounting for 20.30% (95% CI: 20.21%-20.49%) of the lung cancer death toll. CONCLUSION This study provided the most recent data on national indoor radon levels in urban areas and the attributable risk of lung cancer. These results served as an important foundation for further research on the disease burden of indoor radon exposure and radon mitigation efforts.
Radon/analysis* ; China/epidemiology* ; Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis* ; Lung Neoplasms/etiology* ; Humans ; Cities/epidemiology* ; Air Pollutants, Radioactive/adverse effects* ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/etiology* ; Risk Assessment ; Radiation Monitoring

Objective:To estimate the lung cancer disease burden of residents caused by indoor radon exposure in living rooms in China, and to provide scientific basis for improving radon prevention and control policies and measures.Methods:Based on the data from the national indoor radon monitoring survey, the study of lung cancer caused by indoor radon, and the basic data such as population and smoking, the attributable burden of disease calculation method was used to estimate the disease burden of lung cancer caused by indoor radon in China.Results:In 2018, it was estimated that the years of life lost due to premature death (YLL), years of life lost due to health disability (YLD) and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) due to indoor radon exposure were 5.109 3 million, 0.052 6 million and 5.161 9 million, respectively. DALY was highest in the 50-54 age group. The disease burden of indoor radon-induced lung cancer in smoking men was more than 9 times that of smoking women, and the disease burden of lung cancer in non-smoking women was more than 5 times that of non-smoking men. Smoking is closely related to the disease burden of indoor radon-induced lung cancer.Conclusions:Indoor radon exposure is a major environmental risk factor associated with lung cancer burden in China. The health hazards of indoor radon require more attention and improved policy measures to address this challenge.

Depression is a common debilitating disorder affecting over 300 million individuals worldwide, emphasizing the pressing need to develop novel treatment targets for this disorder. Nevertheless, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely elucidated, and the currently available antidepressant treatments are suboptimal in terms of their efficacy and delayed onset of action. Thus, identifying and exploring new therapeutic avenues is of paramount importance. Recent clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated that numerous bitter taste receptor type 2 members (Tas2Rs) agonists, including epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), resveratrol, caffeine, humulones, and berberine, can significantly alleviate depressive symptoms in both human patients and animal models of depression. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of Tas2Rs agonists remain largely unknown. Intriguingly, a growing body of evidence suggests that Tas2Rs agonists may modulate various signaling pathways and systems including neurotransmission, inflammation, brain-gut axis, and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, all of which are believed to be implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential mechanisms of Tas2Rs agonists in depression, It synthesizes current evidence regarding its involvement in neurotransmission, inflammation, brain-gut communication, blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier function, and other relevant pathways. This review will not only provide a valuable foundation for future research on the therapeutic potential of Tas2Rs agonists for depressive disorders but also offer new insights into the understanding of the pathophysiology of depression and the development of novel treatment strategies for this disorder.

Objective:To estimate the lung cancer disease burden of residents caused by indoor radon exposure in living rooms in China, and to provide scientific basis for improving radon prevention and control policies and measures.Methods:Based on the data from the national indoor radon monitoring survey, the study of lung cancer caused by indoor radon, and the basic data such as population and smoking, the attributable burden of disease calculation method was used to estimate the disease burden of lung cancer caused by indoor radon in China.Results:In 2018, it was estimated that the years of life lost due to premature death (YLL), years of life lost due to health disability (YLD) and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) due to indoor radon exposure were 5.109 3 million, 0.052 6 million and 5.161 9 million, respectively. DALY was highest in the 50-54 age group. The disease burden of indoor radon-induced lung cancer in smoking men was more than 9 times that of smoking women, and the disease burden of lung cancer in non-smoking women was more than 5 times that of non-smoking men. Smoking is closely related to the disease burden of indoor radon-induced lung cancer.Conclusions:Indoor radon exposure is a major environmental risk factor associated with lung cancer burden in China. The health hazards of indoor radon require more attention and improved policy measures to address this challenge.

Depression is a common debilitating disorder affecting over 300 million individuals worldwide, emphasizing the pressing need to develop novel treatment targets for this disorder. Nevertheless, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely elucidated, and the currently available antidepressant treatments are suboptimal in terms of their efficacy and delayed onset of action. Thus, identifying and exploring new therapeutic avenues is of paramount importance. Recent clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated that numerous bitter taste receptor type 2 members (Tas2Rs) agonists, including epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), resveratrol, caffeine, humulones, and berberine, can significantly alleviate depressive symptoms in both human patients and animal models of depression. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of Tas2Rs agonists remain largely unknown. Intriguingly, a growing body of evidence suggests that Tas2Rs agonists may modulate various signaling pathways and systems including neurotransmission, inflammation, brain-gut axis, and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, all of which are believed to be implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential mechanisms of Tas2Rs agonists in depression, It synthesizes current evidence regarding its involvement in neurotransmission, inflammation, brain-gut communication, blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier function, and other relevant pathways. This review will not only provide a valuable foundation for future research on the therapeutic potential of Tas2Rs agonists for depressive disorders but also offer new insights into the understanding of the pathophysiology of depression and the development of novel treatment strategies for this disorder.

Objective To obtain the medical exposure frequency data of residents through a questionnaire survey on mobile phone networks in the community, and to analyze the main influencing factors. Methods A snowball sampling method was used to expand the sampling from medical staff in a county hospital to the community. The questionnaire included personal information such as occupation category, type of medical insurance, and education level as well as basic radiation-related knowledge and medical exposure type and frequency of respondents received in 2021. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of medical exposure. Results A total of 223 respondents were investigated, and 12.56% of them received radiological diagnosis and radiotherapy in 2021. The proportion of males receiving medical exposure was significantly higher than that of females (19.64% vs 10.18%). The likelihood of the person receiving medical exposure increased considerably with age, with the proportion of residents receiving medical exposure at 20, 30, 40, and 50 years of age being 6.25%, 7.95%, 19.23%, and 33.33%, respectively. Of persons who received medical exposure, 57.14% underwent CT scans. Persons participating in the new rural cooperative medical system were likely less to receive radiological diagnosis and radiotherapy than urban workers and residents (OR = 0.55, CI:0.13-2.23, P > 0.05). Conclusion Questionnaire survey in the community can obtain more information about the medical exposure of residents, and age and type of medical insurance are important factors affecting the frequency of medical exposure.

As a common psychiatric disorder, the etiology and pathogenesis of depression are complex and not yet fully elucidated.The diagnosis of depression mainly depends on the patients’ medical history, clinical symptoms and related examinations.Identification of biomarkers will provide important clues for the specific diagnosis and targeted treatment of depression.In addition to the widely recognized neurotransmitter dysregulation, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity, neuroplasticity, and neuro-inflammation theory, oxidative stress is also involved in the pathogenesis of depression in multiple ways.Many studies showed that the heat shock protein 70(HSP70)levels will increase in early stage to cope with the stress in patients with depression.However, lower HSP70 levels are often correlated with more severe depressive symptoms.HSP70 may be involved in depression through multiple pathways of oxidative stress, glucocorticoid receptors, neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity.Furthermore, increasing HSP70 expression results in significant improvement in depression-like behavior in animals.Thus, HSP70 possesses potential value as an early warning marker for depression as well as a therapeutic target.

Objective:To understand the non-uranium miners′ awareness of radon and health risks in China and analyze the relevant influencing factors, in order to provide research basis for radiological protection institutions and employers to carry out radon health education.Methods:Male miners in 32 typical non-uranium mines from 11 provinces were selected by using cluster random sampling method from June 2020 to December 2021. The awareness of radon and health risks was investigated, and the influencing factors were analyzed by binary logistic regression model.Results:A total of 1 184 non-uranium miners were investigated, and the radon awareness rate of them was 19.17%. 36.56% of the non-uranium miners heard about radon knew the radon health risks accurately, and 18.06% could identify the measures to reduce radon concentration correctly. Univariate analysis showed that the radon awareness rate of non-uranium miners varied with different education levels, labor relations, post categories, and regions ( χ2=55.92, 21.89, 64.31, 11.26, P<0.05 ). The result of logistic regression analysis showed that a bachelor degree or above, regular employee, administrative personnel and technical personnel were influencing factors of the radon awareness level ( χ2=12.81, 6.58, 5.66, 21.44, P<0.05 ). There was no statistically significant difference of radon awareness rate in different ages, working years, regions, and smoke groups ( P>0.05 ). Conclusions:The awareness level of radon and health risks of non-uranium miners was relatively low in China. Radiological protection institutions and employers should strengthen education and training of radon related knowledge in non-uranium miners through mass media, on-duty training, contract notification and workplace publicity board notification, so as to improve their personal protection consciousness.