Objective: To assess the nutritional supply status of school meals for primary and secondary school students in Henan Province, so as to provide a basis for scientific guidance of school meals. Methods: During 2021-2023, 115 lunch and dinner samples were collected from 25 primary and secondary schools in Zhoukou, Anyang and Luoyang of Henan Province by a direct selection method, and 13 nutrients were determined for each sample. The nutrient supply was evaluated based on Nutrition Guidelines of School Meals and Reference Intake of Dietary Nutrients for Chinese Residents (2023 Edition). Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences of nutritional supply between urban and rural schools. Results: The median values for energy (709.77 kcal,1 kcal=4.18 kJ), fat energy supply ratio (0.27) and carbohydrate energy supply ratio (0.55) in the 66 lunches and dinners from primary school were within the recommended range. The supply of protein (28.39 g) and sodium (1 464.59 mg) was excessive. The median values of zinc (2.62 mg) and dietary fiber (5.19 g) were lower than the reference values. No statistically significant differences were observed in the supply of 13 nutrients between urban and rural primary schools( U = 427.00 -633.00, P > 0.05 ). Among 49 samples from secondary schools, the median value of energy supply (930.02 kcal), carbohydrate energy ratio ( 0.54 ) and fat energy supply ratio(0.25) were within the recommended range; and the median values of protein (38.82 g) and sodium (2 556.80 mg) were higher than the standard; and the median values of calcium (250.32 mg) and vitamin B1 (0.16 mg) were lower than the standard. Additionally, the differences in the level of vitamin B2 ( U =372.00) and zinc ( U =375.00) between the urban and rural secondary schools were statistically significant ( P <0.05). Conclusion Nutrient supply of primary and secondary school meals in three cities of Henan Province is inadequate and imbalanced, and the recipe need to be further optimized and improved.

Paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury is a serious neurological complication, for which surgery is currently the main treatment method. Due to different surgical approaches, patients are usually expected to maintain a passive prone position for a long time or switch between the supine and prone positions. Affected by multiple factors such as neurogenic sensory disorders, pathological changes in muscle tone and operative duration, the risk of intraoperative acquired pressure injury (IAPI) is significantly increased. Current clinical prevention strategies for IAPI in these patients predominantly focus on localized pressure relief during positioning, lacking systematic, standardized comprehensive prevention protocols or evidence-based guidelines. To address it, Department of Nursing, Orthopedics Branch, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, Spinal Trauma Professional Committee, Orthopedics Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Nursing Group of Spine and Spinal Cord Professional Committee of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine organized experts in relevant fields to formulate Guideline for the prevention of intraoperative acquired pressure injury in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury ( version 2025), based on evidence-based medical evidence and latest research results and clinical practice at home and abroad. Eleven recommendations were put forward from the aspects of preoperative risk assessment, intraoperative prevention strategies, postoperative handover and monitoring, and supportive mechanisms for IAPI prevention, aiming to standardize the prevention measures and management strategies of IAPI in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury and accelerate the recovery of patients and improve the therapeutic effect.

Paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury is a serious neurological complication, for which surgery is currently the main treatment method. Due to different surgical approaches, patients are usually expected to maintain a passive prone position for a long time or switch between the supine and prone positions. Affected by multiple factors such as neurogenic sensory disorders, pathological changes in muscle tone and operative duration, the risk of intraoperative acquired pressure injury (IAPI) is significantly increased. Current clinical prevention strategies for IAPI in these patients predominantly focus on localized pressure relief during positioning, lacking systematic, standardized comprehensive prevention protocols or evidence-based guidelines. To address it, Department of Nursing, Orthopedics Branch, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, Spinal Trauma Professional Committee, Orthopedics Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Nursing Group of Spine and Spinal Cord Professional Committee of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine organized experts in relevant fields to formulate Guideline for the prevention of intraoperative acquired pressure injury in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury ( version 2025), based on evidence-based medical evidence and latest research results and clinical practice at home and abroad. Eleven recommendations were put forward from the aspects of preoperative risk assessment, intraoperative prevention strategies, postoperative handover and monitoring, and supportive mechanisms for IAPI prevention, aiming to standardize the prevention measures and management strategies of IAPI in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury and accelerate the recovery of patients and improve the therapeutic effect.

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a kind of central nervous system disease that seriously threatens human health and life. Current treatment for AIS is mainly reperfusion. However, the time-sensitive of reperfusion limits its clinical application, and a considerable part of patients within the time window cannot achieve the expected effect after reperfusion; related complications of reperfusion have not been completely solved. So far, some clinical trials have confirmed that neuroprotectants are useful supplements and adjuncts to reperfusion. This paper reviews the recent advance in neuroprotectants combined with reperfusion in AIS to provide references for AIS treatment.

Objective:To investigate the effects of enriched environments on behavioral development at toddler period of preterm who had experienced early repeated operative pain.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 80 high-risk preterm children of 2 years of age, who had experienced repeated pain stimuli in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), were enrolled as preterm group from the High-risk Children Clinic of Children′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from October 2016 to March 2021. Furthermore, 39 full-term healthy children, aged 2 years, who were undergoing routine check-ups during the same period, were selected as the full-term group. The preterm group was further divided into preterm intervention group and preterm non-intervention group based on the implementation of enriched environment interventions. Data of neonatal characteristics from 3 groups were collected. Growth and development indicators at the age of 2 years were measured. Neuropsychological development evaluated by Gesell developmental scale. Behavioral development evaluated by child behavior check list. The salivary cortisol levels in response to novelty (baseline, task, end) were collected. The family environment, including maternal parenting pressure, were evaluated through a survey questionnaire. One-way ANOVA and least significant difference (LSD) tests were used to compare physical development, maternal parenting stress, Gesell neuropsychological development, and behavioral problems among the 3 groups. A repeated-ANOVA and LSD tests were employed to compare the patterns of salivary cortisol secretion. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the influencing factors related to neuropsychological and behavioral development and cortisol level.Results:There were 44 cases in the preterm intervention group (17 males, gestational age of (31.3±2.8) weeks), and 36 in the preterm non-intervention group (29 males, gestational age of (32.5±2.6) weeks). The full-term group consisted of 39 children (23 males, gestational age of (39.3±2.1) weeks). At 2 years of age, the height, weight, and head circumference of the preterm intervention group and non-intervention group were all lower than those of the full-term group (all P<0.05).The Gesell developmental schedule showed that the preterm non-intervention group scored all lower in gross motor, fine motor, adaptive, language and personal-social domains compared to the full-term group (91±7 vs. 97±6, 88±9 vs. 94±6, 89±8 vs. 99±8, 84±10 vs. 100±15, 89±7 vs. 95±6), with statistical significance (all P<0.01). The preterm intervention group scored all higher than the preterm non-intervention group in gross motor, fine motor, adaptive and language domains (all P<0.05), with no significant difference compared to the full-term group (all P>0.05). The number of needle painful procedures during hospitalization in NICU of the non-intervention group was negatively correlated to the adaptive development quotient ( r=-0.48, P<0.05). Furthermore, the preterm non-intervention group exhibited higher scores in social withdrawal, depression, somatic complaints, aggression, and destructive behaviors compare to the full-term group and preterm intervention group ( F=8.07, 5.67, 7.72, 7.90, 7.06; all P<0.05); while the preterm intervention group showed no significant difference compared to full-term group (all P>0.05). Behavioral problems (social withdrawal and depression) in the preterm non-intervention group were positively correlated with maternal parenting stress ( r=0.66, 0.50; both P<0.05). In response to novel visual stimuli and cognitive challenges, the preterm non-intervention group had significantly higher salivary cortisol levels compared to the full-term group ( P=0.006), which were negatively correlated with the frequency of early painful procedures ( r=-0.83, -0.80; both P<0.01). There was no significant difference in cortisol secretion pattern between the intervention group and the full-term group ( P=0.772). Conclusion:Enriched environmental interventions can improve neuropsychological development, decrease behavioral problems, and down-regulate consistent high cortisol response to task in preterm infants who have experienced repeated procedural pain in the NICU by the age of 2 years.

Gut microbiome is an important part of maintaining human homeostasis.In recent years, with the rapid development of sequencing technologies such as 16S rRNA and metagenome, people have a deeper and more comprehensive understanding about microorganisms.Studies in animals and humans have confirmed that the gut microbiome is not only involved in the pathological process of systemic diseases such as immune, metabolic and neurological disorders, but is also closely related to eye diseases.Factors such as host high blood glucose, immune disorders, aging, high intraocular pressure can cause gut microbiota dysbiosis and increase gut-blood barrier permeability.Lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan and other pathogen-associated molecular patterns enter the systemic circulation through the damaged gut barrier and eventually reach the retina and uveitis where they participate the immune and inflammatory response process.In addition, gut-derived host immune cells or injury-related molecular patterns may exacerbate the ocular inflammatory cascade.At the same time, metabolites of microbiota, including those induced by diet and environment factors, such as bilirubin, bile acids and short-chain fatty acids, are involved in the progression of retinal diseases via regulating immune T cell balance, miRNA expression and retinal cell inflammatory activation.This article aims to review the domestic and foreign studies on gut microbiome in diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma in recent years, and discuss the possible mechanisms of gut microbiome in eye diseases via the gut-retina axis in order to provide some new ideas for further study and treatment of eye diseases.

AIM:To investigate the effects of epal-restat(Epa)on the mitochondrial oxidative stress damage of radiation pneumonitis(RP)mice and to explore its possible mechanism.METHODS:C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control(CON),Irradiation(IR),IR combined with Epa(10 mg/kg)and IR combined with Epa(20 mg/kg)group,16 mice in each group.Mouse models of RP were es-tablished by whole thorax irradiation at a dose of 15Gy using a 6-MV linear accelerator.Continuous intragastric administration after IR for 6 or 8 weeks.Lung histopathology was analyzed by HE staining.The expression of aldose reductase(AR)was deter-mined by immunohistochemistry.Mitochondrial morphology of lung tissues was observed by trans-mission electron microscopy.The levels of inflam-matory cytokines(IL-6,TNF-α and TGF-β1)in plas-ma were detected by ELISA.The contents of Malo-ndialdehyde(MDA)and 4-hydroxynonenal(4-HNE)in lung tissues were determined by colorimetry.Sin-gle cell suspension of lung tissues was prepared and reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels in the cells was examined using a DCFH-DA fluorescent probe.Real-time quantitative PCR was used to determine the expression of AR,IL-6,TNF-α and TGF-β1.The protein levels of AR,IL-6,TNF-α,TGF-β1,BAX,Bcl2,Cleaved Caspase-3,8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1(OGG1)and silent information regulator 3(SIRT3)were detected by Western blot analysis.RESULTS:Compared with the CON group,the alveolar hyper-plasia,alveolar septum thickening and inflammato-ry cell infiltration were observed in the IR group.Moreover,the content of inflammatory factors such as IL-6,TNF-α and TGF-β1 and the expression of BAX and Cleaved Caspase-3 were significantly in-creased,and the expression of Bcl2 was obviously decreased after irradiation.Compared with the IR group,Epa robustly alleviated RP.Meanwhile,Epa down-regulated inflammatory cells infiltration and the expression of inflammatory cytokines,such as IL-6,TNF-α and TGF-β1.In addition,Epa could down-regulate the expression of BAX and Cleaved Caspase-3,and up-regulate Bcl2 in lung tissues.Compared with the CON group,the expression of AR,the levels of ROS,MDA and 4-HNE were signifi-cantly increased,the expression of OGG1 and SIRT3 were significantly decreased,and mitochon-drial damage was aggravated in the IR group.Com-pared with IR group,the expression of AR was sig-nificantly down-regulated,the levels of ROS,MDA and 4-HNE were significantly decreased,the expres-sions of OGG1 and SIRT3 were significantly in-creased,and the mitochondrial damage was signifi-cantly alleviated in IR group after 6 to 8 weeks of Epa administration.CONCLUSION:Epa has a pro-tective effect on RP,which may be related to the in-hibition of AR expression,the reduction of mito-chondrial oxidative stress injury,and the inhibition of inflammatory response and cell apoptosis.

Objective:To analyze the status quo and hot topics in research on venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention during the perioperative period and provide references for future research and clinical practice.Methods:Journal articles related to perioperative VTE prevention were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database up to June 30, 2023. Bibliometric analysis was conducted using CiteSpace 6.2.R4.Results:A total of 1 079 articles were included, showing an overall upward trend in the publication volume of perioperative VTE prevention research from 1999 to 2023. Research themes mainly focused on high-risk populations for VTE, high-risk types of surgery, risk factors and assessment, perioperative prevention, and nursing care. Current hot topics include "risk assessment" "anticoagulation therapy" "guidelines" "aspirin" and "rivaroxaban".Conclusions:Perioperative VTE prevention has increasingly garnered the attention of medical and nursing professionals. Future efforts should emphasize international exchange and cooperation to explore strategies for VTE prevention at different stages of the perioperative period and leverage information technology to enhance the quality of perioperative VTE prevention and management.

Aiming at the current situation of insufficient integration of medical humanities teaching and clinical practice,as well as the need for further research and improvement in the teaching system,guided by the concept of medicine and humanistic literacy integration advocated by the new medical science,this paper deeply discussed the construction of clinical medical humanities teaching system from four aspects,including the selection of clinical medical humanities teachers and team building;the teaching path that combines theoretical education,narrative medicine,and clinical skill training infused with medical humanities content;curriculum ideological and political construction with the goal of establishing the core concept and value orientation of"patient-centered";the teaching assessment and evaluation method characterized by formative evaluation.The clinical medical humanities teaching system emphasizes the practicality,experiential,and emotional aspects of medical humanities teaching,deeply integrating medical humanities with clinical practice teaching content throughout the clinical internship period of medical education,with a view to enhancing the humanistic practice ability and literacy of medical students.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis with low-dose and standard-dose recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(rt-PA)in the elderly patients(aged over 80 years)with acute ischemic stroke(AIS).Methods A total of 201 elderly patients with AIS treated at Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital from February 2019 to February 2023 were prospectively included and randomly assigned to the rt-PA low-dose group(n=93,0.6 mg/kg)and rt-PA standard-dose group(n=108,0.9 mg/kg).The incidence of intra-cranial hemorrhage,symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage,fatal intracranial hemorrhage,neurologic deterioration within 7 days and mortality within 90 days were observed to evaluate the safety.The neurologic improvement rate and good prognosis rate at 90 days were used to evaluate the effectiveness.A stratified analysis of 90-day outcomes was performed based on stroke severity and age.Results The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage,symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and fatal intracranial hemorrhage within 7 days in rt-PA low-dose group was lower than that in rt-PA standard-dose group(P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups concerning the residual safety index and the effectiveness index.The 90-day good prognosis rate of moderate stroke sub-group and of≥90 years of age sub-group in rt-PA low-dose group were both higher than that of rt-PA standard-dose group(P＜0.05).Conclusions For AIS patients with moderate stroke and aged over 90 years,intravenous thrombolytic therapy with rt-PA 0.6 mg/kg is recommended.