ObjectiveTo compare the mosquito capture efficacy of the BG-trap method and the light trap method, and to explore the precisely applicable scenarios for the two monitoring approaches. MethodsFrom May to October 2024, one BG-trap and one light trap were placed at eight monitoring sites, with a distance of over 10 meters between the two traps at each site. Surveillance was performed twice monthly to compare the two surveillance methods in terms of mosquito species composition, the proportional distribution of female mosquitoes across different habitats, and seasonal fluctuations in mosquito density. ResultsThere were statistically significant differences in mosquito species composition (χ²=60.61, P<0.001) and female mosquito species composition (χ²=37.12, P<0.001) between the BG-trap method and the light trap method, with the BG-trap method capturing a higher proportion of Aedes albopictus than the light trap method. The average density of mosquitoes monitored by the BG-trap method [13.36 mosquitoes·(trap·night)^-1] was higher than that monitored by the light trap method[4.70 mosquitoes·(trap·night)^-1]. There was statistically significant difference (t=6.70, P<0.001) for the mosquito density between the two methods, and there was a significant positive correlation (r=0.909, P<0.001) for the mosquito density indices between the two methods. The average density of female mosquitoes monitored by the BG-trap method [8.18 mosquitoes·(trap·night)^-1] was higher than that monitored by light trap method [3.36 mosquitoes·(trap·night)^-1]. There was statistically significant difference (t=6.00, P<0.001) for the female mosquito density between the two methods, and there was a significant positive correlation (r=0.929, P<0.001) for the female mosquito density indices between the two methods. In the four different habitats, the constituent ratio of mosquitoes and female mosquitoes monitored by the BG-trap method in descending order were urban residential area (43.80% and 40.25%), rural farm households (35.55% and 38.60%), hospital (12.70% and 12.87%), and park (7.95% and 8.28%), while the constituent ratio of mosquitoes and female mosquitoes monitored by the light trap method in descending order were rural farm households (34.37% and 43.34%), hospital (33.26% and 30.03%), park (17.96% and 15.17%), and urban residential area (14.41% and 11.46%). In different habitats, there were statistically significant differences for mosquito composition ratios (χ²=189.64, P<0.001) and female mosquito composition ratios (χ²=109.15, P<0.001) between the two monitoring methods. ConclusionThe BG-trap method offers advantages such as simple operation, compact equipment, and high efficiency, with a higher trapping rate for Aedes albopictus compared to the light trap method. In routine monitoring, the BG-trap method can serve as a supplement to the light trap method, while for emergency monitoring of Aedes albopictus in dengue fever outbreak areas and mosquito collection efforts, the BG-trap method is more effective than the light trap method.

BACKGROUND:In our previous experiments,it was found that transplantation of young adipose stem cells into aged mice would have weight loss effect and improve the inflammatory state in aged mice. Therefore,we speculate that insulin-like growth factor 1 may play an important role in aging and obesity. OBJECTIVE:To explore the anti-obesity effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 in naturally aging mice. METHODS:(1) Bioinformatics analysis:Sequencing of adipose tissue from obese patients in the GEO database and transcriptomic sequencing of young mouse adipose stem cells and old adipose stem cells were conducted to analyze insulin-like growth factor 1 expression. (2) Animal experiment verification:Six young C57BL/6J mice and twelve aged C57BL/6J mice (20 months old) were selected. Abdominal adipose tissue and serum insulin-like growth factor 1 expression in young and aged mice were examined by ELISA and qRT-PCR. All the 12 aged mice were randomly divided into two groups with 6 mice in each group:the experimental group was given insulin-like growth factor 1 (50 μg/kg) for 4 continuous weeks,while the control group was given the same amount of phosphate buffer saline. The body mass changes of mice were monitored regularly,glucose tolerance was measured at the end of the experiment,and serum inflammatory factors and inflammatory factors in abdominal white adipose tissue of mice were detected by ELISA. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe pathological changes in the mouse liver,kidney and abdominal white adipose tissue. The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in abdominal white adipose tissue of mice were detected by qRT-PCR.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Obese patients showed lowly expressed insulin-like growth factor 1 in adipose tissue,but the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 increased after weight loss surgery. Insulin-like growth factor 1 expressed lowly in aged adipose stem cells. Insulin-like growth factor 1 also showed a low expression in adipose tissue and serum of aged mice. Injection of insulin-like growth factor 1 protein could significantly reduce the body mass of aged mice and improve insulin resistance. Pathological sections of the liver of aged mice revealed fat accumulation. After injection of insulin-like growth factor 1 protein,fat accumulation was significantly improved and the size of fat droplets in adipose tissue was significantly reduced. Insulin-like growth factor 1 injection significantly reduced the expression levels of serum tumor necrosis factor α,interleukin 1β,and interleukin 6 in aged mice,and significantly increased the expression of PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in adipose tissue of aged mice. To conclude,exogenous insulin-like growth factor 1 can reduce body mass,reduce fat droplet size in adipose tissue,and improve liver fat accumulation in aged mice,thereby improving their inflammatory status. Exogenous insulin-like growth factor 1 may activate the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway to improve the inflammatory symptoms in aged mice,thereby improving obesity in naturally aging mice.

BACKGROUND:In our previous experiments,it was found that transplantation of young adipose stem cells into aged mice would have weight loss effect and improve the inflammatory state in aged mice. Therefore,we speculate that insulin-like growth factor 1 may play an important role in aging and obesity. OBJECTIVE:To explore the anti-obesity effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 in naturally aging mice. METHODS:(1) Bioinformatics analysis:Sequencing of adipose tissue from obese patients in the GEO database and transcriptomic sequencing of young mouse adipose stem cells and old adipose stem cells were conducted to analyze insulin-like growth factor 1 expression. (2) Animal experiment verification:Six young C57BL/6J mice and twelve aged C57BL/6J mice (20 months old) were selected. Abdominal adipose tissue and serum insulin-like growth factor 1 expression in young and aged mice were examined by ELISA and qRT-PCR. All the 12 aged mice were randomly divided into two groups with 6 mice in each group:the experimental group was given insulin-like growth factor 1 (50 μg/kg) for 4 continuous weeks,while the control group was given the same amount of phosphate buffer saline. The body mass changes of mice were monitored regularly,glucose tolerance was measured at the end of the experiment,and serum inflammatory factors and inflammatory factors in abdominal white adipose tissue of mice were detected by ELISA. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe pathological changes in the mouse liver,kidney and abdominal white adipose tissue. The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in abdominal white adipose tissue of mice were detected by qRT-PCR.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Obese patients showed lowly expressed insulin-like growth factor 1 in adipose tissue,but the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 increased after weight loss surgery. Insulin-like growth factor 1 expressed lowly in aged adipose stem cells. Insulin-like growth factor 1 also showed a low expression in adipose tissue and serum of aged mice. Injection of insulin-like growth factor 1 protein could significantly reduce the body mass of aged mice and improve insulin resistance. Pathological sections of the liver of aged mice revealed fat accumulation. After injection of insulin-like growth factor 1 protein,fat accumulation was significantly improved and the size of fat droplets in adipose tissue was significantly reduced. Insulin-like growth factor 1 injection significantly reduced the expression levels of serum tumor necrosis factor α,interleukin 1β,and interleukin 6 in aged mice,and significantly increased the expression of PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in adipose tissue of aged mice. To conclude,exogenous insulin-like growth factor 1 can reduce body mass,reduce fat droplet size in adipose tissue,and improve liver fat accumulation in aged mice,thereby improving their inflammatory status. Exogenous insulin-like growth factor 1 may activate the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway to improve the inflammatory symptoms in aged mice,thereby improving obesity in naturally aging mice.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the field mosquito surveillance efficacy between the black box method and the light trap method. MethodsEight light traps and eight black boxes were placed in each of the eight field sites in Baoshan District of Shanghai， with a minimum distance of 10 meters between each traps. Surveillance was conducted twice a month from May to September 2023. ResultsThe total number of mosquitoes （273） and female mosquitoes （228） captured by the black box method were 0.795 and 0.774 times higher than those caught by the light trap method， respectively. There was no statistically significant difference （P>0.05） between the mosquito density （t=1.723 5， P=0.100 2） and the female mosquito density （t=1.805 9， P=0.101 1）， and there was a correlation （P<0.001） between the mosquito density （r=0.942 7） and the female mosquito density （r=0.896 5）. There were no significant differences in the composition ratio of mosquito species（χ²=0.100 1， P>0.05） and female mosquitoes（χ²=0.394 4， P>0.05） captured by black box and light trap methods. In four different habitats， the composition ratios of mosquito species captured by the black box and light trap methods were： hospitals （38.10% and 38.77%） > rural housing areas （36.26% and 37.61%） > parks （14.65% and 12.54%）> urban housing areas （10.99% and 11.08%）， and the composition ratios of female mosquitoes captured by the black box and light trap methods were： rural housing areas （40.35% and 42.52%） > hospitals （37.72% and 36.05%） > parks （13.16% and 13.27%） > urban housing areas （8.77% and 8.16%）. In different habitats， there was no significant difference in the composition ratio of mosquitoes captured by two monitoring methods（χ²=0.5987， P>0.05）， and there was no significant difference in the composition ratio of female mosquitoes（χ²=0.2993， P>0.05）. ConclusionWith widen application and fewer requirements for equipment， operation skills， and use cost the black box method can be interchanged with the light trap method for monitoring mosquito density， especially in disaster areas or remote areas with difficult in having access to electricity.

Objective:To study the distribution and antibiotics resistance of the main pathogens of neonatal purulent meningitis in different regions of China.Methods:A retrospective descriptive clinical epidemiological study was conducted in children with neonatal purulent meningitis which admitted to 18 tertiary hospitals in different regions of China between January 2015 to December 2019. The test results of blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and drug sensitivity test results of the main pathogens were collected. The distributions of pathogenic bacteria in children with neonatal purulent meningitis in preterm and term infants, early and late onset infants, in Zhejiang Province and other regions outside Zhejiang Province, and in Wenzhou region and other regions of Zhejiang Province were analyzed. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 210 neonatal purulent meningitis cases were collected. The common pathogens were Escherichia coli ( E. coli)(41.4%(87/210)) and Streptococcus agalactiae ( S. agalactiae)(27.1%(57/210)). The proportion of Gram-negative bacteria in preterm infants (77.6%(45/58)) with neonatal purulent meningitis was higher than that in term infants (47.4%(72/152)), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=15.54, P=0.001). There were no significant differences in the constituent ratios of E. coli (36.5%(31/85) vs 44.8%(56/125)) and S. agalactiae (24.7%(21/85) vs 28.8%(36/125)) between early onset and late onset cases (both P>0.05). The most common pathogen was E. coli in different regions, with 46.7%(64/137) in Zhejiang Province and 31.5%(23/73) in other regions outside Zhejiang Province. In Zhejiang Province, S. agalactiae was detected in 49 out of 137 cases (35.8%), which was significantly higher than other regions outside Zhejiang Province (11.0%(8/73)). The proportions of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus in other regions outside Zhejiang Province (17.8%(13/73) and 16.4%(12/73)) were both higher than those in Zhejiang Province (2.9%(4/137) and 5.1%(7/137)). The differences were all statistically significant ( χ2=14.82, 12.26 and 7.43, respectively, all P<0.05). The proportion of Gram-positive bacteria in Wenzhou City (60.8%(31/51)) was higher than that in other regions in Zhejiang Province (38.4%(33/86)), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=6.46, P=0.011). E. coli was sensitive to meropenem (0/45), and 74.4%(32/43) of them were resistant to ampicillin. E. coli had different degrees of resistance to other common cephalosporins, among which, cefotaxime had the highest resistance rate of 41.8%(23/55), followed by ceftriaxone (32.4%(23/71)). S. agalactiae was sensitive to penicillin, vancomycin and linezolid. Conclusions:The composition ratios of pathogenic bacteria of neonatal purulent meningitis are different in different regions of China. The most common pathogen is E. coli, which is sensitive to meropenem, while it has different degrees of resistance to other common cephalosporins, especially to cefotaxime.

Objective::To explore the risk factors and pregnancy outcomes in women with a history of cesarean section complicated by placenta accreta (PA).Methods::This case-control study included clinical data from singleton mothers with a history of cesarean section in 11 public tertiary hospitals in seven provinces of China between January 2017 and December 2017. According to the intraoperative findings after delivery, the study population was divided into PA and non-PA groups. We compared the pregnancy outcomes between the two groups, used multivariate logistic regression to analyze the risk factors for placental accreta.Results::For this study we included 11,074 pregnant women with a history of cesarean section; and of these, 869 cases were in the PA group and 10,205 cases were in the non-PA group. Compared with the non-PA group, the probability of postpartum hemorrhage (236/10,205, 2.31% vs. 283/869, 32.57%), severe postpartum hemorrhage (89/10,205, 0.87% vs. 186/869, 21.75%), diffuse intravascular coagulation (3/10,205, 0.03% vs. 4/869, 0.46%), puerperal infection (33/10,205, 0.32% vs. 12/869, 1.38%), intraoperative bladder injury (1/10,205, 0.01% vs. 16/869, 1.84%), hysterectomy (130/10,205, 1.27% vs. 59/869, 6.79%), and blood transfusion (328/10,205,3.21 % vs. 231/869,26.58%) was significantly increased in the PA group ( P < 0.05). At the same time, the neonatal birth weight (3250.00 (2950.00-3520.00) g vs. 2920.00 (2530.00-3250.00) g), the probability of neonatal comorbidities (245/10,205, 2.40% vs. 61/869, 7.02%), and the rate of neonatal intensive care unit admission (817/10,205, 8.01% vs. 210/869, 24.17%) also increased significantly ( P < 0.05). Weight (odds ratio ( OR)= 1.03, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 1.01-1.05)), parity ( OR= 1.18, 95% CI: 1.03-1.34), number of miscarriages ( OR= 1.31, 95% CI: 1.17-1.47), number of previous cesarean sections ( OR= 2.57, 95% CI: 2.02-3.26), history of premature rupture of membrane ( OR= 1.61, 95% CI: 1.32-1.96), previous cesarean-section transverse incisions ( OR= 1.38, 95% CI: 1.12-1.69), history of placenta previa ( OR= 2.44,95% CI: 1.50-3.96), and the combination of prenatal hemorrhage ( OR= 9.95,95% CI: 8.42-11.75) and placenta previa ( OR= 91.74, 95% CI: 74.11-113.56) were all independent risk factors for PA. Conclusion::There was an increased risk of adverse outcomes in pregnancies complicated by PA in women with a history of cesarean section, and this required close clinical attention. Weight before pregnancy, parity, number of miscarriages, number of previous cesarean sections, history of premature rupture of membranes, past transverse incisions in cesarean sections, a history of placenta previa, prenatal hemorrhage, and placenta previa were independent risk factors for pregnancies complicated with PA in women with a history of cesarean section. These independent risk factors showed a high value in predicting the risk for placentab accreta in pregnancies of women with a history of cesarean section.

Objective::To explore the risk factors and pregnancy outcomes in women with a history of cesarean section complicated by placenta accreta (PA).Methods::This case-control study included clinical data from singleton mothers with a history of cesarean section in 11 public tertiary hospitals in seven provinces of China between January 2017 and December 2017. According to the intraoperative findings after delivery, the study population was divided into PA and non-PA groups. We compared the pregnancy outcomes between the two groups, used multivariate logistic regression to analyze the risk factors for placental accreta.Results::For this study we included 11,074 pregnant women with a history of cesarean section; and of these, 869 cases were in the PA group and 10,205 cases were in the non-PA group. Compared with the non-PA group, the probability of postpartum hemorrhage (236/10,205, 2.31% vs. 283/869, 32.57%), severe postpartum hemorrhage (89/10,205, 0.87% vs. 186/869, 21.75%), diffuse intravascular coagulation (3/10,205, 0.03% vs. 4/869, 0.46%), puerperal infection (33/10,205, 0.32% vs. 12/869, 1.38%), intraoperative bladder injury (1/10,205, 0.01% vs. 16/869, 1.84%), hysterectomy (130/10,205, 1.27% vs. 59/869, 6.79%), and blood transfusion (328/10,205,3.21 % vs. 231/869,26.58%) was significantly increased in the PA group ( P < 0.05). At the same time, the neonatal birth weight (3250.00 (2950.00-3520.00) g vs. 2920.00 (2530.00-3250.00) g), the probability of neonatal comorbidities (245/10,205, 2.40% vs. 61/869, 7.02%), and the rate of neonatal intensive care unit admission (817/10,205, 8.01% vs. 210/869, 24.17%) also increased significantly ( P < 0.05). Weight (odds ratio ( OR)= 1.03, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 1.01-1.05)), parity ( OR= 1.18, 95% CI: 1.03-1.34), number of miscarriages ( OR= 1.31, 95% CI: 1.17-1.47), number of previous cesarean sections ( OR= 2.57, 95% CI: 2.02-3.26), history of premature rupture of membrane ( OR= 1.61, 95% CI: 1.32-1.96), previous cesarean-section transverse incisions ( OR= 1.38, 95% CI: 1.12-1.69), history of placenta previa ( OR= 2.44,95% CI: 1.50-3.96), and the combination of prenatal hemorrhage ( OR= 9.95,95% CI: 8.42-11.75) and placenta previa ( OR= 91.74, 95% CI: 74.11-113.56) were all independent risk factors for PA. Conclusion::There was an increased risk of adverse outcomes in pregnancies complicated by PA in women with a history of cesarean section, and this required close clinical attention. Weight before pregnancy, parity, number of miscarriages, number of previous cesarean sections, history of premature rupture of membranes, past transverse incisions in cesarean sections, a history of placenta previa, prenatal hemorrhage, and placenta previa were independent risk factors for pregnancies complicated with PA in women with a history of cesarean section. These independent risk factors showed a high value in predicting the risk for placentab accreta in pregnancies of women with a history of cesarean section.

Background: Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a rare genetic disease with widely different clinical manifestations, but the relationship between genotype and phenotype is not fully understood. In the present study, we recruited a Chinese family in which two members had been diagnosed with localized EB simplex (EBS), with clinical manifestation, including blisters and erosions on the soles of the feet since infancy. Objective: To identify and confirm the genetic variation in a Chinese family diagnosed as localized EBS. Methods: Our study included two patients, other healthy members of the family, and 100 normal controls. Genomic DNA samples were isolated from each participant, and then polymerase chain reaction (PCR) direct sequencing was performed. Results: The results of PCR direct sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous missense mutation in codon 461 of exon 7 of KRT5 (c.1382T＞C), which led to an amino acid change (p.L461P) in the patients with EBS but was absent in unaffected family members and 100 unrelated control samples. Conclusion The present study broadens the mutational spectrum of EBS, and this knowledge could be harnessed for prenatal screening, gene diagnosis, and gene therapy for lo-calized EBS.

Objective To analyze the quadrivalent influenza vaccine intention of 718 health care workers (HCWs) in the Pearl River Delta region from 2015 to 2017. Method In May 2018, 718 HCWs from the department related to the diagnosis and treatment of influenza in 17 hospitals (6 tertiary hospitals, 5 secondary hospitals and 6 primary hospitals) from Guangzhou, Jiangmen, Zhuhai and Dongguan were selected by using stratified sampling method. Questionnaire survey and face?to?face interview were used to collect the information of influenza vaccination, the intention of the quadrivalent influenza vaccine, the acceptance of free and required vaccination policies, and recommendations for increasing influenza vaccination intentions from 2015 to 2017. The multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with the vaccination intention. Results A total of 718 HCWs were surveyed and 147 of them were interviewed face to face. Among them, the vaccination rate of primary hospitals [17.39%(40/230)] was higher than that of other hospitals (χ2=15.80, P<0.05). If the vaccine could be free, 84.82% (609/718) of HCWs would like to be vaccinated. The multivariate logistic regression showed that the factors, HCWs who were aged≥50 years (OR=3.44, 95%CI:1.43-8.28), worked in department of prevention and health care (OR=2.35, 95%CI : 1.16-4.75), learned about the quadrivalent influenza vaccine ( OR=2.94, 95%CI : 2.08-4.18), knowed that HCWs are priority ( OR=2.33, 95%CI : 1.56-3.48), and had a history of trivalent influenza vaccination from 2015 to 2017 (OR=4.70, 95%CI:3.08-7.15), were associated with the vaccination intention. Conclusion HCWs in the Pearl River Delta region had weak inclination of getting quadrivalent influenza vaccine. HCWs who were age (≥50 years old), worked in department of prevention and health care, learned about the quadrivalent influenza vaccine, knowed that HCWs are priority, and had a history of trivalent influenza vaccination from 2015 to 2017 were factors positively associated with the vaccination intention.