Objective To investigate the changes in the density of Aedes albopictus across different regions and different breeding habitats in Baoshan District, Shanghai Municipality from 2018 to 2024, so as to inform evidence-based control strategies for mosquito-borne infectious diseases in Shanghai Municipality. Methods Ae. albopictus surveillance sites were deployed in 12 subdistricts (towns) of Baoshan District, Shanghai Municipality from 2018 to 2024, and the surveillance on the density of Ae. albopictus was performed in each surveillance site once weekly during the peak activity period of Aedes mosquitoes from May to October each year from 2018 to 2024. Mosquito ovitraps were deployed in various breeding habitats in each surveillance site according to geographical locations, including residential areas, schools, government institutions, hospitals, recycling stations, and construction sites, and regularly collected, and the mosquito ovitrap index (MOI) was calculated. The changes in the Ae. albopictus density were analyzed based on MOI across years, regions, and breeding habitats. Additionally, from May to October each year between 2018 and 2024, monthly risk assessments of Aedes albopictus density were conducted in every subdistrict (town) of Baoshan District, Shanghai. Results The annual mean MOI values of Ae. albopictus were 5.88 ± 2.29, 8.19 ± 4.46, 7.43 ± 3.40, 5.44 ± 2.52, 3.97 ± 2.72, 3.82 ± 1.57, and 2.56 ± 1.11 in Baoshan District from 2018 to 2024, respectively (F = 75.886, P < 0.05), and the MOI appeared a rise followed by a reduction each year and peaked during the period between June and August. There was a significant difference in the 7-year mean MOI of Ae. albopictus across the 12 subdistricts/towns (F = 26.558, P < 0.05), and there were 6 subdistricts/towns with a 7-year mean MOI of over 5, including Songnan Town (8.44 ± 4.68), Dachang Town (7.71 ± 5.28), Gucun Town (7.13 ± 3.57), Yuepu Town (5.74 ± 1.69), Gaojing Town (5.51 ± 3.44), and Wusong Subdistrict (5.41 ± 2.04). There was a significant difference in the MOI of Ae. albopictus across breeding habitats (F = 3.843, P < 0.05), with the highest MOI seen in recycling stations (9.86 ± 4.61), which was significantly higher than in other habitats (P < 0.05), and the lowest seen in construction sites (4.90 ± 2.95), which was significantly lower than in other habitats (P < 0.05). The proportion of frequency with Ae. albopictus density transmission risk decreased from 54.17% in 2018 to 11.11% in 2024 in all subdistricts (towns) of Baoshan District, and the frequency of outbreak risks peaked in 2019 (18 instances) and declined substantially in 2021 (6 instances), with no records of outbreak or transmission risk documented across the district in 2024. Conclusions There were substantial seasonal variations in the Ae. albopictus density in Baoshan District, Shanghai Municipality from 2018 to 2024. The Ae. albopictus density peaked during the period between June and August in Baoshan District each year from 2018 to 2024, with a relatively higher density in Songnan Town and Dachang Town, and in recycling stations. Precision control measures and intensified seasonal interventions are recommended in high-risk settings in Baoshan District to reduce the transmission risk of Aedes-borne infectious diseases.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genotype-phenotype relationship in a child with Opitz G/BBB syndrome (OS) with mild clinical phenotype. METHODS: A child with motor developmental delay as the initial symptom admitted to Xi'an Children's Hospital on June 10, 2021 was selected for this study. Clinical data were collected, and peripheral blood samples were obtained from the child and his mother. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed to identify genetic variant in the child. Candidate variant were verified by Sanger sequencing to assess inheritance patterns and pathogenicity. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot (WB) analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of the variant on mRNA and protein expression, respectively, using recombinant expression plasmids generated in vitro. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Xi'an Children's Hospital (Ethics No. 20240045). RESULTS: The child, a 9-month-and-7-day-old boy, presented with a low nasal bridge, hypertelorism, and difficulty sitting independently. Echocardiography revealed an atrial septal defect. WES identified a homozygous variant in the MIDI gene, c.1483C>T (p.R495X), which was confirmed by Sanger sequencing and found to be inherited from the mother.Recombinant expression plasmids were successfully constructed. RT-qPCR analysis showed that the variant significantly reduced MIDI gene mRNA expression, while WB results indicated that the variant led to the production of a truncated protein. CONCLUSION The mild clinical phenotype of OS in this child may be attributed to the mRNA degradation escape mechanism induced by the nonsense variant c.1483C>T (p.R495X) in the MIDI gene. These findings provide valuable diagnostic insights for this pedigree and contribute to the understanding of the genotype-phenotype correlation in OS.
Humans ; Male ; Infant ; Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Microtubule Proteins/genetics* ; Craniosynostoses/genetics* ; Hypospadias/genetics* ; Codon, Nonsense/genetics* ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism* ; Female ; RNA Stability/genetics* ; Phenotype ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics* ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; Esophagus/abnormalities* ; Hypertelorism

This study investigated the effect of small RNA ncBCG201 on the stress adaptation and intracellular survival of Myco-bacterium bovis.Differentially expressed ncRNAs were screened with RNA-seq after BCG infection of THP-1 macrophages.The ncBCG201 overexpression strain was constructed,and its stress survival,growth,biofilm formation,and intracellular survival were assessed.The ncBCG201 strain showed slower growth and earlier entry into stationary phase.Survival significantly increased under car-bon starvation but decreased under membrane pressure.Biofilm formation capability decreased.Intracellular survival in THP-1 macro-phages at 24 h and 48 h was significantly higher than observed in the control.Therefore,ncBCG204 enhances BCG survival within macrophages by modulating stress adaptability.

Objective:To explore the genotype-phenotype relationship in a child with Opitz G/BBB syndrome (OS) with mild clinical phenotype.Methods:A child with motor developmental delay as the initial symptom admitted to Xi ′an Children′s Hospital on June 10, 2021 was selected for this study. Clinical data were collected, and peripheral blood samples were obtained from the child and his mother. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed to identify genetic variant in the child. Candidate variant were verified by Sanger sequencing to assess inheritance patterns and pathogenicity. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot (WB) analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of the variant on mRNA and protein expression, respectively, using recombinant expression plasmids generated in vitro. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Xi′an Children′s Hospital (Ethics No. 20240045).Results:① The child, a 9-month-and-7-day-old boy, presented with a low nasal bridge, hypertelorism, and difficulty sitting independently. Echocardiography revealed an atrial septal defect. ② WES identified a homozygous variant in the MIDI gene, c. 1483C>T (p.R495X), which was confirmed by Sanger sequencing and found to be inherited from the mother.③ Recombinant expression plasmids were successfully constructed. RT-qPCR analysis showed that the variant significantly reduced MIDI gene mRNA expression, while WB results indicated that the variant led to the production of a truncated protein. Conclusion:The mild clinical phenotype of OS in this child may be attributed to the mRNA degradation escape mechanism induced by the nonsense variant c. 1483C>T(p.R495X) in the MIDI gene. These findings provide valuable diagnostic insights for this pedigree and contribute to the understanding of the genotype-phenotype correlation in OS.

Objective:To explore the genotype-phenotype relationship in a child with Opitz G/BBB syndrome (OS) with mild clinical phenotype.Methods:A child with motor developmental delay as the initial symptom admitted to Xi ′an Children′s Hospital on June 10, 2021 was selected for this study. Clinical data were collected, and peripheral blood samples were obtained from the child and his mother. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed to identify genetic variant in the child. Candidate variant were verified by Sanger sequencing to assess inheritance patterns and pathogenicity. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot (WB) analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of the variant on mRNA and protein expression, respectively, using recombinant expression plasmids generated in vitro. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Xi′an Children′s Hospital (Ethics No. 20240045).Results:① The child, a 9-month-and-7-day-old boy, presented with a low nasal bridge, hypertelorism, and difficulty sitting independently. Echocardiography revealed an atrial septal defect. ② WES identified a homozygous variant in the MIDI gene, c. 1483C>T (p.R495X), which was confirmed by Sanger sequencing and found to be inherited from the mother.③ Recombinant expression plasmids were successfully constructed. RT-qPCR analysis showed that the variant significantly reduced MIDI gene mRNA expression, while WB results indicated that the variant led to the production of a truncated protein. Conclusion:The mild clinical phenotype of OS in this child may be attributed to the mRNA degradation escape mechanism induced by the nonsense variant c. 1483C>T(p.R495X) in the MIDI gene. These findings provide valuable diagnostic insights for this pedigree and contribute to the understanding of the genotype-phenotype correlation in OS.

Objective To systematically evaluate the factors that promote and hinder exercise in frail older adults,and to provide references for the formulation of exercise intervention programs.Methods We searched PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,CINAHL,Cochrane library,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP database,and China Biomedical Literature Database for qualitative studies on exercise facilitators and hindrances in frail older adults,and the search time period was from the establishment of the databases to September 1,2024.The quality of the literature was evaluated using the Joanna Brigg Institute Australian Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care Quality Assessment Criteria for Qualitative Research(2016),and the results were integrated by integrating methods.Results A total of 18 studies were included,and 72 research results were extracted,and 10 categories were summarized.The final synthesis included 2 integrated results:the facilitators included personal exercise motivation,physical and psychological benefits,positive interpersonal interactions,multiple social support systems and person-centred exercise programme;the impediments included underlying diseases and somatic functional limitations,negative psychological status,low health literacy,family role conflicts and limits of the environment.Conclusion Exercise for frail older adults is affected by a variety of factors.Healthcare professionals should improve the positive perception of exercise for frail older people and help them overcome psychological barriers;establish an all-round support system to enhance the sense of social contact of the frail elderly;formulate a personalised exercise programme with a human-centred approach to enhance the motivation of the frail elderly.

This study investigated the effect of small RNA ncBCG201 on the stress adaptation and intracellular survival of Myco-bacterium bovis.Differentially expressed ncRNAs were screened with RNA-seq after BCG infection of THP-1 macrophages.The ncBCG201 overexpression strain was constructed,and its stress survival,growth,biofilm formation,and intracellular survival were assessed.The ncBCG201 strain showed slower growth and earlier entry into stationary phase.Survival significantly increased under car-bon starvation but decreased under membrane pressure.Biofilm formation capability decreased.Intracellular survival in THP-1 macro-phages at 24 h and 48 h was significantly higher than observed in the control.Therefore,ncBCG204 enhances BCG survival within macrophages by modulating stress adaptability.

Objective To systematically evaluate the factors that promote and hinder exercise in frail older adults,and to provide references for the formulation of exercise intervention programs.Methods We searched PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,CINAHL,Cochrane library,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP database,and China Biomedical Literature Database for qualitative studies on exercise facilitators and hindrances in frail older adults,and the search time period was from the establishment of the databases to September 1,2024.The quality of the literature was evaluated using the Joanna Brigg Institute Australian Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care Quality Assessment Criteria for Qualitative Research(2016),and the results were integrated by integrating methods.Results A total of 18 studies were included,and 72 research results were extracted,and 10 categories were summarized.The final synthesis included 2 integrated results:the facilitators included personal exercise motivation,physical and psychological benefits,positive interpersonal interactions,multiple social support systems and person-centred exercise programme;the impediments included underlying diseases and somatic functional limitations,negative psychological status,low health literacy,family role conflicts and limits of the environment.Conclusion Exercise for frail older adults is affected by a variety of factors.Healthcare professionals should improve the positive perception of exercise for frail older people and help them overcome psychological barriers;establish an all-round support system to enhance the sense of social contact of the frail elderly;formulate a personalised exercise programme with a human-centred approach to enhance the motivation of the frail elderly.

With the increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus in recent years， cardiomyopathy caused by diabetes mellitus has aroused wide concern and this disease is characterized by high insidiousness and high mortality. The early pathological changes of diabetic cardiomyopathy （DCM） are mitochondrial structural disorders and loss of myocardial metabolic flexibility. The turbulence of mitochondrial quality control （MQC） is a key mechanism leading to the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and loss of myocardial metabolic flexibility， which， together with elevated levels of oxidative stress and inflammation， trigger changes in myocardial structure and function. Qi deficiency and stagnation is caused by the loss of healthy Qi， and the dysfunction of Qi transformation results in the accumulation of pathogenic Qi， which further triggers injuries. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， DCM is rooted in Qi deficiency of the heart， spleen， and kidney. The dysfunction of Qi transformation leads to the generation and lingering of turbidity， stasis， and toxin in the nutrient-blood and vessels， ultimately damaging the heart. Therefore， Qi deficiency and stagnation is the basic pathologic mechanism of DCM. Mitochondria， similar to Qi in substance and function， are one of the microscopic manifestations of Qi. The role of MQC is consistent with the defense function of Qi. In the case of MQC turbulence， mitochondrial structure and function are impaired. As a result， Qi deficiency gradually emerges and triggers pathological changes， which make it difficult to remove the stagnant pathogenic factor and aggravates the MQC turbulence. Ultimately， DCM occurs. Targeting MQC to treat DCM has become the focus of current research， and TCM has the advantages of acting on multiple targets and pathways. According to the pathogenesis of Qi deficiency and stagnation in DCM and the modern medical understanding of MQC， the treatment should follow the principles of invigorating healthy Qi， tonifying deficiency， and regulating Qi movement. This paper aims to provide ideas for formulating prescriptions and clinical references for the TCM treatment of DCM by targeting MQC.