Sick sinus syndrome(SSS)refers to damage to the sinoatrial node and its surrounding tissues,which leads to excitation and conduction dysfunction of the sinoatrial node,Resultsing in arrhythmia diseases.A better understanding of the pathogenesis of SSS is required to provide a basis for its treatment,including establishing an animal model that can simulate human sinus node dysfunction.In this paper,we review the animal selection,the principles and method of modeling,and the evaluation method and detection indicators of the models,to provide a basis for further studies of the pathogenesis of SSS.

Objective To determine the related substances in the pharmaceutical excipient triacetin by gas chromatography(GC).Methods Rtx-1701 and DB-1701 chromatographic column(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25 μm)was used,with nitrogen as the carrier gas,the flow rate was 1.5 mL/min,the inlet temperature was 200℃,the hydrogen flame ionization detector was used,the temperature of the measuring instrument was 250℃,and the program heating was used.Results Under this chromatographic condition,each substance could be effectively separated,and showed good linearity at 2-40 μg/mL(r>0.99).The recovery rates of acetic acid,glycerol,1-monoglyceryl acetate,1,2-diglyceryl acetate and 1,3-diglyceryl acetate were 100.7%(RSD=3.12%),95.1%(RSD=3.66%),99.43%(RSD=4.62%),103.66%(RSD=5.88%)and 103.15%(RSD=4.17%)(n=6),respectively.Conclusion This method has high accuracy and good reproducibility,which can be used for the determination of related substances in the triacetin,and provides a reference for the quality standard of triacetin.

Craniosynostosis is a prevalent congenital craniofacial anomaly characterized by premature fusion of cranial sutures. It is of great social significance for the study and prevention of the genetic mechanism of craniosynostosis. Mutant genes such as FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, TWIST1, MSX2, RAB, ERF related to craniosynostosis has been identified in humans, leading to the generation of a large number of recombinant animal models with similar functional acquisition or loss mutations to simulate various manifestations of craniosynostosis. The similarity of craniofacial development and molecular pathways between mice and humans makes them a good animal model for studying craniosynostosis. This article reviews the research progress of mouse models related to syndromic, non-syndromic craniosynostosis and craniosynostosis with non-human gene mutations, in order to provide a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of the genetic pathogenesis and treatment of this disease.

Craniosynostosis is a prevalent congenital craniofacial anomaly characterized by premature fusion of cranial sutures. It is of great social significance for the study and prevention of the genetic mechanism of craniosynostosis. Mutant genes such as FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, TWIST1, MSX2, RAB, ERF related to craniosynostosis has been identified in humans, leading to the generation of a large number of recombinant animal models with similar functional acquisition or loss mutations to simulate various manifestations of craniosynostosis. The similarity of craniofacial development and molecular pathways between mice and humans makes them a good animal model for studying craniosynostosis. This article reviews the research progress of mouse models related to syndromic, non-syndromic craniosynostosis and craniosynostosis with non-human gene mutations, in order to provide a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of the genetic pathogenesis and treatment of this disease.

The Menghe Medical School is a highly influential academic school of Chinese medicine in China.Its academic features are mainly learning from others'strengths,openness and tolerance;integrity as the foundation,communication as the strength;harmo-ny as the way,and agility as the technique.The Menghe Medical School originated in Menghe,developed in Shanghai,spread all over the country,and spread around the world.The reasons for the prosperity and development of the Menghe Medical School are analyzed.Among them,imperial doctors being rewarded and supported,the stars having their roots in Menghe,inheritance from teach-ers by blood,help from in-laws,and the establishment of education and leadership in development are the main factors.On the basis of inheriting the scholarship of Menghe Medical School,Professor Tong Xiaolin innovatively proposed academic ideas such as the train-ing path of Xiang thinking,state-target differentiation and treatment,and dosage and effectiveness of prescriptions and medicines,pushing the academic thought of Menghe Medical School to a new theoretical peak in the new era.Based on the majestic development path of the Menghe Medical School,the implications for the inheritance,innovation and development of modern Chinese medicine are analyzed.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a pathological change caused by repeated injuries and repair dysfunction of the alveolar epithelium. Our previous study revealed that the residues Asn3 and Asn4 of peptide DR8 (DHNNPQIR-NH₂) could be modified to improve stability and antifibrotic activity, and the unnatural hydrophobic amino acids α-(4-pentenyl)-Ala and d-Ala were considered in this study. DR3penA (DHα-(4-pentenyl)-ANPQIR-NH₂) was verified to have a longer half-life in serum and to significantly inhibit oxidative damage, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibrogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, DR3penA has a dosage advantage over pirfenidone through the conversion of drug bioavailability under different routes of administration. A mechanistic study revealed that DR3penA increased the expression of aquaporin 5 (AQP5) by inhibiting the upregulation of miR-23b-5p and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, indicating that DR3penA may alleviate PF by regulating MAPK/miR-23b-5p/AQP5. Safety evaluation showed that DR3penA is a peptide drug without obvious toxicity or acute side effects and has significantly improved safety compared to DR8. Thus, our findings suggest that DR3penA, as a novel and low-toxic peptide, has the potential to be a leading compound for PF therapy, which provides a foundation for the development of peptide drugs for fibrosis-related diseases.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an epitheliotropic virus. High-risk HPV infections lead to precancerous lesions which may progress to cancer in the cervix, vagina and vulva, while low-risk HPV infections cause benign lesions such as genital warts and recurrent respiratory papillomas. HPV infection remains one of the major public health problems threatening human health. To date, six prophylactic preventive HPV vaccines have been licensed, and the effectiveness of HPV vaccination has gradually appeared in some countries with earlier vaccination. HPV vaccination has been proved to be effective in protecting against diseases related to HPV infection, which leads to significant reductions in the incidence of vaccine-type HPV-related infection, high cervical lesions, anogenital warts, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis and other relevant diseases. The herd protection effect of the vaccines is outstanding. Meanwhile, a bivalent HPV vaccine has been demonstrated for the cross-protection against HPV infections of non-vaccine types (HPV31/33/45) in real-world vaccination practice.

In order to strengthen the supervision of the use of drugs in hospitals，the Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences· Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital took the lead in compiling the Principles for the Rational Use of National Key Monitoring Drugs （the Second Batch） with a number of experts from multiple medical units in accordance with the Second Batch of National Key Monitoring Rational Drug Use List （hereinafter referred to as “the List”） issued by the National Health Commission. According to the method of the WHO Guidelines Development Manual， the writing team used the Delphi method to unify expert opinions by reading and summarizing the domestic and foreign literature evidence of related drugs， and applied the evaluation， formulation and evaluation method of recommendation grading （GRADE） to evaluate the quality of evidence formed， focusing on more than 30 drugs in the List about the evaluation of off-label indications of drugs， key points of rational drug use and key points of pharmaceutical monitoring. It aims to promote the scientific standardization and effective management of clinical medication， further improve the quality of medical services， reduce the risk of adverse drug reactions and drug abuse， promote rational drug use， and improve public health.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and ultimately fatal chronic interstitial lung disease characterized by a progressive decline in lung function, and current treatment options are limited. cAMP is one of the most important second messengers and plays a key role in relaxing airway smooth muscle cells and reducing inflammation. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) is a superfamily of enzymes, and PDE4 enzymes dominate 11 PDE superfamily enzymes, available in four isoforms-PDE4A, PDE4B, PDE4C and PDE4D, which selectively decompose cAMP, while PDE4 inhibitors increase cAMP levels by preventing cAMP from breaking down, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory, anti-remodeling effects and providing an attractive drug target for the treatment of IPF. This review summarizes knowledge about the association of pulmonary fibrosis with PKE4, as well as emerging preclinical studies and clinical trials regarding PDE4 inhibitors.

Objective:To investigate the differences in understanding and diagnosis of polycystic ovary syn-drome(PCOS)among obstetricians and gynecologists with different clinical experiences,in order to promote com-munication and improve medical quality.Methods:This was a multi-center cross-sectional survey.Information on participants'basic information and their knowledge of PCOS comorbidities and treatment management was col-lected online.Physicians were divided into two groups according to their experience:experienced(>200 consulta-tions/year)and inexperienced(≤200 consultations/year).The differences in the diagnosis and treatment of PCOS among different groups were compared.Logistic regression analysis was used to explore other factors that might influence the diagnosis and treatment of PCOS.Results:1689 questionnaires were finally included,among which 95 were experienced and 1594 were inexperienced.①In the comparison of basic conditions,the proportion of experienced persons in tertiary hospitals and reproductive endocrinology specialties was higher than that of in-experienced persons(P<0.05);The percentage of experienced persons who predicted patients with comorbid insulin resistance(proportion>30%)and predicted comorbid overweight/obesity(proportion 30%-50%)was higher than that of less experienced persons(P<0.05).②There was no significant difference in the evaluation of PCOS and its complications among different groups(P>0.05).Logistic regression suggested that different expe-riencers did not significantly affect the assessment of androgens,OGTT and lipid testing(P>0.05).③There was no statistical significance in the choice of treatment for those with no fertility need(P>0.05).For those with fertili-ty needs,metformin and letrozole were more actively selected by experienced group than inexperience(P<0.05).In terms of weight loss,experienced participants were more active in using metformin(P<0.05)and were more likely to choose1.0 or1.5 g/d(P<0.05)than those with inexperience.Conclusions:There was no signifi-cant difference in PCOS assessment among participants with different experience,but in treatment,experienced participants were better able to take into account the multi-system abnormalities brought by PCOS,and at the same time,they give more comprehensive and accurate treatment opinions on patients with or without fertility needs.