Work serves as a critical means of obtaining resources, facilitating personal growth, realizing self-worth, and engaging in social interactions. However, work-related diseases pose significant threats to workers’ health and productivity, and impose considerable economic burdens. This article categorized work-related diseases into six major types, including musculoskeletal disorders, mental and behavioral disorders, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, digestive system diseases, reproductive system diseases, and non-specific respiratory diseases, and summarized their risk factors, assessment methods, policy regulation, and prevention and control measures. Current research in this field predominantly relies on cross-sectional studies, which present limitations in causal inference and potential risks of bias. Future studies should expand sample sizes, optimize research designs, and establish multidimensional evaluation systems to comprehensively assess the health and economic impacts of work-related diseases. It is recommended to enhance the translation of research findings into practice, thereby providing a scientific basis for the occupational health protection system and promoting the well-being and sustainable development of the working population.

With the development of science and technology, electronic devices have become an inevitable part of our daily life and work. There has been an increase of interest in the use of various video display terminals(VDT). The ocular surface is the first barrier of the visual system to resist the damage of the external environment. In recent years, the number of patients with dry eye has consistently increased with the excessive use of VDT. Blue light produced by VDT, with wavelengths ranging from 400 to 500 nm, has a high energy in visible light. Therefore, blue light may also be an important risk factor for dry eye. In particular, the outbreak of COVID-19 has left people worldwide suffering from increased blue light, which promotes further research into dry eye caused by blue light emitted from VDT. In this review, we summarize the recent studies on the role of blue light produced by VDT in dry eye to provide reference for future related research.

BACKGROUND:Repetitive trans-spinal magnetic stimulation(rTSMS)can inhibit inflammatory responses following spinal cord injury.rTSMS applies magnetic field stimulation to the spinal cord region to modulate neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission,thereby promoting plasticity and repair of the nervous system. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of rTSMS on the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor(NF)-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway after spinal cord injury and explore its mechanism in promoting motor function recovery. METHODS:Male C57BL/6J mice,SPF grade,were randomly divided into sham surgery group,spinal cord injury group,and rTSMS group.The latter two groups of mice were anesthetized and the T9 vertebral plate was removed using rongeur forceps to expose the spinal cord,and the spinal cord was clamped using a small aneurysm clip for 20 seconds to establish the spinal cord injury model.Mice in the rTSMS group underwent a 21-day rTSMS intervention starting on day 1 after spinal cord injury.The stimulation lasted 10 minutes per day,5 days per week with an interval of 2 days.Basso Mouse Scale scores were used to assess motor function recovery in mice after spinal cord injury at 1,3,7,14,and 21 days after spinal cord injury.Western blot was employed to detect the expression of AQP4,apoptotic factors Bax,Bcl-2,CL-Caspase-3,inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α,interferon-γ,interleukin-6,interleukin-4,and the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway related proteins in the injured spinal cord.Oxidative stress assay kit was used to measure the activity of superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase,and malondialdehyde content at the site of spinal cord injury.Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the expression of neuronal nuclei(NeuN). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The Basso Mouse Scale score in the rTSMS group was significantly higher than that in the spinal cord injury group(P<0.05).Compared with the spinal cord injury group,the rTSMS group showed a reduction in spinal cord water content.The expression of AQP4 protein,malondialdehyde content,and expression of Bax,Bcl-2,CL-Caspase-3,tumor necrosis factor-α,interferon-γ,interleukin-6,and TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway related proteins were all decreased in the rTSMS group,while the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase,as well as the expression of Bcl-2,interleukin-4,and NeuN,were all increased(P<0.05).These results suggest that rTSMS downregulates the expression of proteins related to the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway,alleviating symptoms after spinal cord injury such as spinal cord edema,oxidative stress,apoptosis,and inflammation,exerting neuroprotective effects,and thereby promoting the recovery of hindlimb motor function after spinal cord injury.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility of deep learning reconstruction (DLR) algorithm combined with a dual-low protocol (low radiation dose and low contrast medium dose) for thoracoabdominal aortic CT angiography (CTA).Methods:This cross-sectional study prospectively enrolled 56 patients suspected of aortic diseases who underwent aortic CTA at China-Japan Friendship Hospital from June 2023 to June 2024. All patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group A (28 cases) underwent CTA with a tube voltage of 100 kVp, automatic tube current modulation (noise index=10), and a contrast agent dose of 80 ml (flow rate 5 ml/s), with images reconstructed using the three-dimensional adaptive iterative dose reduction algorithm (AIDR). Group B (28 cases) underwent CTA with a tube voltage of 80 kVp, automatic tube current modulation (noise index=25), and a contrast agent dose of 40 ml (flow rate 3.5 ml/s), with images reconstructed using either the deep learning reconstruction algorithm-Advanced intelligent Clear-IQ Engine (AiCE subgroup) or the AIDR (AIDR subgroup). Two physicians evaluated the image quality of the three groups subjectively and objectively. Objective evaluation metrics included CT values, image noise (SD), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) at the ascending aorta, carina-level descending aorta, celiac trunk-origin abdominal aorta, and common iliac bifurcation abdominal aorta carina. Subjective evaluation metrics included image quality and noise scores. Comparisons among the three datasets (Group A, AiCE subgroup, AIDR subgroup) were performed using one-way ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test, with appropriate post-hoc tests for pairwise comparisons.Results:No significant differences were observed in CT values of the ascending aorta, descending aorta, and abdominal aorta between Group A and the AiCE subgroup or the AIDR subgroup ( P0.05). However, significant overall differences were found in SD, SNR, and CNR values for the ascending aorta, descending aorta, and abdominal aorta ( P0.05). Pairwise comparisons revealed that, except for no significant differences in SD, SNR, and CNR values of the ascending and descending aorta between Group A and the AiCE subgroup, and no significant difference in SNR values of the ascending and abdominal aorta between Group A and the AIDR subgroup ( P0.05), all other intergroup comparisons showed statistically significant differences ( P0.05). Significant overall differences were also observed in image quality and noise scores between Group A and the AiCE and AIDR subgroups ( P0.05). Except for no significant differences in image quality and noise scores between Group A and the AiCE subgroup ( P0.05), all other pairwise comparisons showed statistically significant differences ( P0.05). Conclusions:The application of deep learning reconstruction algorithm combined with a dual-low protocol in thoracoabdominal aortic CTA can reduce radiation dose and contrast agent dose while maintaining diagnostic image quality, demonstrating significant clinical value for widespread adoption.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility of deep learning reconstruction (DLR) algorithm combined with a dual-low protocol (low radiation dose and low contrast medium dose) for thoracoabdominal aortic CT angiography (CTA).Methods:This cross-sectional study prospectively enrolled 56 patients suspected of aortic diseases who underwent aortic CTA at China-Japan Friendship Hospital from June 2023 to June 2024. All patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group A (28 cases) underwent CTA with a tube voltage of 100 kVp, automatic tube current modulation (noise index=10), and a contrast agent dose of 80 ml (flow rate 5 ml/s), with images reconstructed using the three-dimensional adaptive iterative dose reduction algorithm (AIDR). Group B (28 cases) underwent CTA with a tube voltage of 80 kVp, automatic tube current modulation (noise index=25), and a contrast agent dose of 40 ml (flow rate 3.5 ml/s), with images reconstructed using either the deep learning reconstruction algorithm-Advanced intelligent Clear-IQ Engine (AiCE subgroup) or the AIDR (AIDR subgroup). Two physicians evaluated the image quality of the three groups subjectively and objectively. Objective evaluation metrics included CT values, image noise (SD), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) at the ascending aorta, carina-level descending aorta, celiac trunk-origin abdominal aorta, and common iliac bifurcation abdominal aorta carina. Subjective evaluation metrics included image quality and noise scores. Comparisons among the three datasets (Group A, AiCE subgroup, AIDR subgroup) were performed using one-way ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test, with appropriate post-hoc tests for pairwise comparisons.Results:No significant differences were observed in CT values of the ascending aorta, descending aorta, and abdominal aorta between Group A and the AiCE subgroup or the AIDR subgroup ( P0.05). However, significant overall differences were found in SD, SNR, and CNR values for the ascending aorta, descending aorta, and abdominal aorta ( P0.05). Pairwise comparisons revealed that, except for no significant differences in SD, SNR, and CNR values of the ascending and descending aorta between Group A and the AiCE subgroup, and no significant difference in SNR values of the ascending and abdominal aorta between Group A and the AIDR subgroup ( P0.05), all other intergroup comparisons showed statistically significant differences ( P0.05). Significant overall differences were also observed in image quality and noise scores between Group A and the AiCE and AIDR subgroups ( P0.05). Except for no significant differences in image quality and noise scores between Group A and the AiCE subgroup ( P0.05), all other pairwise comparisons showed statistically significant differences ( P0.05). Conclusions:The application of deep learning reconstruction algorithm combined with a dual-low protocol in thoracoabdominal aortic CTA can reduce radiation dose and contrast agent dose while maintaining diagnostic image quality, demonstrating significant clinical value for widespread adoption.

Objective:To establish a prognostic model and explore its clinical application based on disease progression within 24 months(POD24)in patients with multiple myeloma(MM).Methods:A total of 289 patients newly diagnosed with MM at Wuxi People's Hospital from January 2007 to June 2022 were selected as the training group for retrospective analysis.A prognostic model based on POD24 was constructed using Cox univariate and multivariate analyses of overall survival(OS).A total of 184 patients from The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from August 2015 to December 2019 were included in the validation group to verify the predictive efficacy of the model.Results:Age,β2-microglobulin,Calcium,and POD24 were independent prognostic factors for MM.Patients in the high-risk group(≥2 points)had shorter OS(25.0 months vs.60.0 months)and progression-free survival(PFS)(14.0 months vs.56.0 months)than those in the low-risk group(<2 points).In addition,OS and PFS differed between the high-and low-risk groups in the entire validation group,as well as in each patient subgroup(P<0.05).Conclusions:The prognostic model based on POD24,age,β2 microglobulin,and Calcium holds prognostic value for patients newly diagnosed with MM in clinical practice.

Objective To analyze the academic literature on sepsis-related microRNA(miRNA)at worldwide,and to dentify thematic hotspots and future research trends.Methods A bibliometric analysis was employed to retrieve the literature on sepsis-related miRNA published in the core collection of China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),and Web of Science(WOS)databases from January 1,2010,to January 1,2025,which met the article inclusion criteria,and used CiteSpace 6.3.1 software to perform the co-occurrence analysis of keywords,keyword emergence analysis,and cluster analysison;on the basis of these analyses,the keywords were sorted according to time to generate clustering time line figure to explore the current status and hotspot evolution process of sepsis-related miRNA.Results A total of 135 and 1 278 articles were retrieved from CNKI and the core collection of WOS databases,respectively.The frequency and centrality of keywords such as sepsis,prognosis,microRNA,acute lung injury,acute kidney injury,etc.were high in 135 documents in CNKI;in 1 278 documents in WOS core collection,the frequency and centrality of keywords such as expression,sepsis,inflammation,cells,micrornas,etc.were high;The top 10 keywords in the CNKI database in terms of burst intensity were:microRNA,inflammatory response,inflammatory factor,interleukin-10,tumor necrosis factor-α,acute respiratory distress syndrome,interleukin-35,septic shock,rat,tiny microRNA-155(miR-155);the top 10 keywords in the core collection of the WOS database in terms of burst intensity were:expression,NF-κB,microRNA,cells,induction,pathway,mechanisms,septic shock,mortality,cancer.Representative clustering tags in the CNKI are#0 prognosis,#1 miRNA,#2 septic shock;The representative clustering labels in the core collection of WOS database are#0 acute lung injury,#1 cancer,#2 septic shock,and so on.In CNKI and WOS core databases,the early keywords mainly revolve around the study of inflammatory factors and related mechanisms of sepsis,and the research center gradually shifts to the clinical physiological injuries as well as complications and mortality in the later stage,miRNA-126,AMP-activated protein kinase,interleukin-35 and other keywords have emerged.Among the top 10 most-cited English literature,researchers have paid particular attention to studying various miRNA as potential biomarkers of sepsis,including miR-146a,miR-223 and miR-146.Conclusions There are similarities and differences in the direction and hotspots of sepsis-related miRNA research in China and abroad.The research paradigm of sepsis has gradually shifted from the early clinical observation focusing on the overall complications and prognosis of patients to the basic research centered on the molecular mechanisms of inflammatory factors and signaling pathways.In this context,the study of miRNA as novel biomarkers for sepsis has been increasingly emphasized,and miRNA represent a promising direction for sepsis research,with potential applications both in basic research and clinical treatment.

Objective To investigate the effects of varying pulse intervals in the programmed intermittent epidural bolus(PIEB)mode on labor analgesia in primiparous and multiparous women,and to evaluate the differ-ences in analgesic outcomes between these two groups.Methods A total of 60 primiparous and 60 multiparous women who met the inclusion criteria were recruited and randomly allocated into two groups:a 45-minute pulse interval group(P45 group,n=30)and a 60-minute pulse interval group(P60 group,n=30).Epidural labor anal-gesia was initiated when cervical dilation reached 1～3 cm.The programmed intermittent epidural bolus(PIEB)mode was started 45 minutes after analgesia commencement in the P45 group and 60 minutes after analgesia com-mencement in the P60 group.Each pulse delivered 10 ml of a solution containing 0.08%ropivacaine and 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil.Pain scores were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale(VAS)at five specific time points:baseline(t0),1 hour post-analgesia initiation(t1),2 hours post-analgesia initiation(t2),full cervical dilation(t3),and delivery(t4).Secondary outcomes included Bromage scores,the number of patient-controlled analgesia(PCA)button presses,total drug consumption,and adverse reactions.Results In primiparous women,the VAS score at t1 was significantly lower in the P45 group compared to the P60 group(P<0.05),whereas no significant differences were observed in VAS scores between the two groups at t2—t4.The median PCA press count was also significantly lower in the P45 group than in the P60 group(P<0.05).However,there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of total drug consumption,Bromage scores,or the incidence of adverse events(P>0.05).In multiparous women,no significant differences were found in VAS scores,Bromage scores,or PCA press counts between the P45 and P60 groups at any time point(P>0.05).Conversely,total drug consumption was significantly higher in the P45 group compared to the P60 group(P<0.05).Conclusions For primiparous women,a 45-minute pulse interval in the PIEB mode not only provides superior labor analgesia but also significantly reduces the frequency of PCA presses without escalating the risk or severity of motor block or adverse events.For multiparous women,the pulse interval does not substantially influence the effectiveness of labor analgesia.These findings contribute valuable new evidence for refining clinical labor analgesia protocols.

OBJECTIVE To explore the changes of serum inflammatory factors and immune function indexes in the children with asthma induced by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection so as to make a new breakthrough in diagnosis and treatment of the children with M.pneumoniae infection-induced asthma.METHODS A total of 118 children with M.pneumoniae infection who were treated in pediatrics department of The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College from Jan.2020 to May 2023 were enrolled in the study and were divided into the asthma group with 26 cases and the no asthma group with 92 cases according to the status of induction of asthma.The levels of peripheral blood interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-18,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and immune function indexes(CD3+,CD4+,CD8+and CD4+/CD8+)were observed and compared between the two groups.The values of the above indexes in diagnosis of the M.pneumoniae infection-induced asthma were analyzed by means of receiver op-erating characteristic(ROC)curves.RESULTS There were significant differences in the levels of inflammatory factors and immune function indexes between the asthma group and the no asthma group(P＜0.05).The levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-18 and CD8+of the asthma group were(46.33±5.30)pg/ml,(50.60±6.33)pg/ml,(40.26±4.89)pg/ml and(40.11±6.85)％,respectively,higher than those of the no asthma group;the levels of CD3+,CD4+and CD4+/CD8+of the asthma group were(43.33±5.89)％,(15.62±3.61)％and(0.35±0.12),re-spectively,lower than those of the no asthma group.In the asthma group,the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-18 and CD8+of the MP-Immunoglobulin M(IgM)-positive children were higher than those of the MP-IgM-negative chil-dren(P＜0.05),while the levels of CD3+,CD4+and CD4+/CD8+of the MP-IgM-positive children were lower than those of the MP-IgM-negative children(P＜0.05).The areas under the ROC curves(AUCs)of the serum TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-18,CD3+,CD4+,CD8+and CD4+/CD8+were 0.812,0.805,0.795,0.814,0.768,0.805 and 0.841,respectively,in diagnosis of the M.pneumoniae infection-induced asthma.CONCLUSION The serum TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-18,CD3+,CD4+,CD8+and CD4+/CD8+of the children with M.pneumoniae infection can be used for prediction of the asthma.

Bacterial drug resistance has become one of the public health threats facing humanity.When bacteria de-velop resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents,infections become difficult to control,often requiring the use of drugs with greater toxicity or higher doses of antimicrobial agents,posing unprecedented challenges to clinical an-ti-infective treatment.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop new antimicrobial drugs.However,the devel-opment of antimicrobial drugs is confronted with high costs,a lack of new targets,and insufficient market incen-tives,all of which have led to slow progress in new drug development.Anti-infective therapy using non-antimicro-bial drugs with known pharmacology and toxicology has become a research hotspot,opening up new avenues for antimicrobial therapy.This article reviews the latest research progress on the anti-infective effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,antidepressants,statins,antihypertensive drugs,antidiabetic drugs,antitumor drugs,antiplatelet drugs,antihistamines,sex hormones,local anesthetics,proton pump inhibitors,and anthelmintics,and summarizes their antimicrobial mechanisms.This not only expands our understanding of the anti-infective properties of these drugs but also promotes their re-evaluation and reutilization in clinical practice,providing new strategies for addressing the issue of bacterial resistance.