1.Effect and Mechanism of Modified Sini San on Improving Intestinal Mucosal Barrier of Chronic Stress Rats via Regulating Short-chain Fatty Acid Metabolism and Inhibiting HMGB1/RAGE Signaling Pathway
Youlan KE ; Yingying YUE ; Zicheng WANG ; Yaoxue SHANG ; Xian ZHOU ; Yu CHEN ; Songlin LIU
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2026;32(9):31-41
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of modified Sini San in ameliorating intestinal mucosal barrier by observing its effects on short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1)/receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) signaling pathways in chronic stress rats. MethodsThe 50 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,low-dose modified Sini San group (7.34 g·kg-1·d-1),high-dose modified Sini San group (14.68 g·kg-1·d-1),and Fructo-oligosaccharides group (3.15 g·kg-1·d-1),with 10 rats in each group. Except for the control group,all other groups were subjected to chronic unpredictable stress/social isolation to create a chronic stress model for 6 weeks. After 4 weeks of modeling,each treatment group was given corresponding drugs by gavage for 2 weeks while modeling. The control group and model group were given the same volume of physiological saline. The effects of Modified Sini San on behaviors,body weight,Bristol score in feces and fecal moisture content in chronic stress rats were observed. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the cecum. The content of SCFAs in the cecal contents of rats were detected by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression of HMGB1/RAGE pathway related proteins in cecal tissue. The levels of ZO-1,Occludin,and Claudin-1 in the cecal tissue were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ResultsCompared with the model group,the sucrose preference rate,total distance traveled and the number of grid crossings in the open field test of rats in the low-dose modified Sini San group were obviously increased (P<0.05, P<0.01),and the immobility time in the open field test and the immobility time in the forced swimming test of rats in the low-dose and high-dose modified Sini San groups were obviously reduced (P<0.05, P<0.01). Meanwhile,the Bristol score and fecal moisture content of rats in the low and high dose groups of modified Sini San were obviously increased (P<0.05). The low-dose group of modified Sini San had intact mucosal layer structure in the cecal tissue and reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells. The content of SCFAs in the cecal contents increased,with a obviously increase in the content of acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid,and isovaleric acid (P<0.05, P<0.01) and the expression levels of HMGB1,RAGE,Toll-like receptor 2(TLR2),Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and nuclear factor kappa-B p65(NF-κB p65) proteins in cecal tissue were significantly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01) in low-dose group of modified Sini San. Meanwhile,the contents of ZO-1,Occludin,and Claudin-1 in the cecal tissue were obviously increased (P<0.01) in low-dose group of modified Sini San. ConclusionModified Sini San can improve the function of intestinal mucosal barrier in chronic stress rats by increasing the content of SCFAs in the intestine and inhibiting the HMGB1/RAGE pathway.
2.Time series study on influence of sulfur dioxide exposure on hospitalization of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Lanzhou from 2016 to 2020
Sheng LIN ; Boxi FENG ; Yongyue LI ; Yiwei HUANG ; Kai ZHENG ; Mingxuan LIU ; Yingying YANG ; Xingmin WEI ; Jianjun WU
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine 2026;43(4):451-457
Background In 2021, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) emerged as the forth leading cause of death in the world. However, the impact of air pollutants on COPD is still inconsistent across current studies. Objective To analyze the relationship between ambient sulfur dioxide (SO2) exposure and hospital admissions for COPD in Lanzhou, and to examine the modified effects of SO2 across different genders, age groups, and seasons. Methods A total of
3.Assessment and management of HIV-reactive blood donors based on routine blood screening data
Xuelian DENG ; Xiaohan GUO ; Yingying WANG ; Xiaochun LIU ; Xiaohua LIANG
Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion 2026;39(4):430-436
Objective: To establish evidence-based, safe and efficient management of HIV-reactive blood donors by investigating safe and feasible assessment strategies for HIV-reactive blood donors based on routine blood screening data. Methods: The data of blood screening, supplementary testing, follow-up and CDC confirmation for HIV-reactive blood donors in our center from 2014 to 2024 were analyzed systematically to confirm HIV infection and identify infection status. Results: There were 1 235 samples (0.13%, 1 235/928 000) reactive in HIV blood screening over the 11-year period. A-mong them, 199 donors (16.11%) in asymptomatic HIV infection (HIV Ag/Ab++&HIV RNA+), 2(0.16%) as acute early HIV infection (HIV Ag/Ab+-&HIV RNA+) and 7(0.57%) as window-period infection (HIV RNA positive only) were confirmed. Donors with the result of HIV Ag/Ab+-&HIV RNA-(single-positive) were all excluded for HIV infection, while 1 in 6 HIV Ag/Ab++&HIV RNA-donors (double-positive) was confirmed to have HIV infection. When HIV Ag/Ab reagents were used continuously before and after the follow-up, it's observed in one reagent that the proportion of negative results in subsequent follow-up in single-positive donors who had negative results in the first sampling was significantly higher than the proportion of negative results in subsequent follow-up in those initially single-positive (P<0.05). But no significant difference was observed in another reagent (P>0.05). When reagents were changed in follow-up, the rate of singlepositive donors with negative results in the first sampling reached 96.7%, which was significantly higher than the negative rate of those without reagent changing in follow-up (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the serological and nucleic acid testing results of HIV blood screening, the confirmation of HIV infection and identification of infection status can be achieved accurately and efficiently. All HIV Ag/Ab+-&HIV RNA-donors were confirmed as false positive, and should be maintained their eligibilities for blood donation, but recommended to pass the retest before next donation. Using a different reagent for retesting helps improve the eligible rate. HIV Ag/Ab++&HIV RNA-donors should be deferred permanently due to the risk of true positivity.
4.Impact of optimized varicella vaccination strategy on varicella incidence among nursery children in Shenzhen
Chinese Journal of School Health 2026;47(5):728-731
Objective:
To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella among nursery children in Shenzhen from 2015 to 2024, and to evaluate the impact of optimizing varicella vaccine (VarV) immunization strategies on varicella incidence.
Methods:
Varicella incidence data for nursery children in Shenzhen from 2015 to 2024 were obtained from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The study period was divided into three phases:one dose self pay VarV (January 2015 to October 2017), two dose self pay VarV (November 2017 to October 2019), and two dose free VarV (November 2019 to December 2024). Interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was conducted to assess changes in the level and trend of varicella incidence associated with each phase of policy implementation.
Results:
A total of 27 517 varicella cases was reported among nursery children from 2015 to 2024, with an average annual incidence of 514.01/100 000. During the same period, 136 clustered outbreaks were reported in nursery institutions, involving a cumulative total of 1 091 cases. ITS analysis showed that during the self pay 1 dose stage, the varicella incidence among nursery children showed an upward trend, with an average monthly increase of 2.58/100 000 (95% CI =2.21/ 100 000 -2.95/100 000, P <0.01). After the implementation of the self pay 2 dose strategy, the incidence decreased, with a change in incidence of -26.12/100 000 (95% CI =-37.30/100 000 to -14.94/100 000) and a change in slope of -2.65/100 000 (95% CI = -3.38/100 000 to -1.93/100 000)(all P <0.01). After the implementation of the free 2 dose strategy, the incidence decreased further, with a change in incidence of -40.03/100 000 (95% CI =-50.39/100 000 to -29.66/100 000, P <0.01) and a change in slope of -0.56/100 000 (95% CI =-1.20/100 000-0.08/100 000, P =0.09).
Conclusion
The gradual optimization of the VarV vaccination strategy in Shenzhen from self pay 1 dose to free 2 dose has significantly reduced the varicella incidence among nursery children, demonstrating good short term control and long term intervention effectiveness.
5.Current Status and Prospects of Research on the Potential Neurobiological Mechanisms of Acupuncture in the Treatment of Tobacco Dependence
Shumin CHEN ; Jin CHANG ; Chaoren TAN ; Hao ZHU ; Jinsheng YANG ; Zhao LIU ; Yingying WANG
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2025;66(4):421-426
This paper comprehensively discusses on the potential neurobiological mechanisms of acupuncture in the treatment of tobacco dependence, focusing on three important aspects, including acupuncture's regulation of tobacco dependence behavior, effects of acupuncture on withdrawal syndrome, and the role of acupuncture in preventing relapse. It is found that acupuncture can inhibit drug-seeking behavior by regulating the reward pathway and related neurons, such as dopamine, thus modulating tobacco dependence behavior. It also alleviates withdrawal symptoms by improving the oral environment of smokers and reducing negative emotions after quitting. Furthermore, acupuncture can prevent relapse by decreasing brain network activity related to smoking cravings and improving cognitive brain functions like addiction memory. Currently, research on the specific neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture in treating tobacco dependence and the involved neural circuits is limited. Future research directions are proposed, including the evaluation of clinical effects, exploration of specific therapeutic mechanisms, investigation of brain pathology, and strengthening the exploration of brain functions. Additionally, combining modern technologies to clarify the neural circuits involved in acupuncture intervention will provide a basis for acupuncture treatment of tobacco addiction.
6.Macrophage efferocytosis:a new target for the treatment of obesity-related metabolic diseases
Fengying YANG ; Yuqing ZHAO ; Huijuan YOU ; Pengyi ZHANG ; Yan CHEN ; Qinglu WANG ; Yingying LIU
Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research 2025;29(2):430-440
BACKGROUND:Dysfunction of macrophage efferocytosis can induce local and systemic inflammatory damage and is associated with a variety of obesity-related metabolic diseases.Moreover,compounds targeting efferocytosis have shown good therapeutic effects. OBJECTIVE:By reviewing the effects of obesity on macrophage efferocytosis,to analyze the key mechanism by which obesity inhibits efferocytosis,to summarize the research progress in compounds targeting efferocytosis to treat obesity-related metabolic diseases,so as to provide new ideas for fully understanding efferocytosis and its relationship with metabolic diseases,aiming to provide new strategies for disease prevention and treatment. METHODS:The English search terms were"efferocytosis,metabolism,obesity,obese,atherosclerosis,non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,neurodegeneration,tumor,osteoarthritis,diabetes,compound,medicine,treatment,"which were used for literature retrieval in PubMed and Web of Science.The Chinese search term was"efferocytosis,"which was used for literature retrieval in CNKI,VIP and WanFang datebases.Ninety-nine papers were finally included in the review analysis after a rigorous screening process. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the process of efferocytosis,the"Find me"and"Eat me"processes involving a large number of apoptotic cell derived factors are mainly regulated by apoptotic cells.The efferocytosis factor involved in cytoskeletal remodeling and digestion are mainly derived from macrophages,which are crucial for efferocytosis activity.These results suggest that the"Find me"and"Eat me"factors mainly reflect the condition of apoptosis,and it is more scientific to select the expression of factors involved in cytoskeletal remodeling and digestion when evaluating the efferocytosis activity of macrophages.Obesity inhibits efferocytosis,and shows an inhibitory effect on most digestive factors,but has a stress-induced activation effect on most"Find me,""Eat me"and cytoskeletal recombination factors,which further indicates the decisive effect of digestive stage on efferocytosis and suggests that it is not reliable for some studies to evaluate the efferocytosis based on the increased expression of"Find me"and"Eat me"factors.Targeting cytokines in the digestive phase may be more effective when discussing future intervention strategies targeting macrophages efferocytosis.The efferocytosis activators of macrophages are effective in the treatment of various metabolic diseases,but the efferocytosis inhibitors in tumor tissue show good anticancer effects,suggesting that the role of efferocytosis should be rationally evaluated according to the characteristics of tissue inflammation.Efferocytosis is a relatively new concept proposed in 2003,with a short research history and complex efferocytosis factors.Current studies on obesity and efferocytosis only involve a tip of the iceberg and most of them are at a superficial level and a large number of scientific experiments are needed to further validate the mechanisms.
7.Characteristics of asymptomatic HBV infection in HBsAg-positive blood donors from Dalian
Yingying WANG ; Xuelian DENG ; Xiaohan GUO ; Huihui GAO ; Peng SUN ; Dan LIU ; Daniel CANDOTTI ; Bing WANG
Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion 2025;38(10):1361-1369
Objective: To analyze serological and molecular characteristics of asymptomatic HBV infection in HBV surface antigen positive (HBsAg+) blood donors from Dalian. Methods: The prevalence of HBsAg was analyzed among blood donors in Dalian between 2013 and 2022. Randomly selected HBsAg+ blood samples were subjected to HBV serological testing, HBV viral DNA quantification, and HBV genotyping. Results: Over this ten-year period, the prevalence of HBsAg decreased from 1.25% to 0.50% among blood donors in Dalian. Donors who tested positive for HBsAg prior to donation using a rapid test (RT) accounted for 92.5% of all HBsAg+ donors identified. A total of 240 confirmed HBsAg+ blood donors were randomly selected, including 125 donors with positive results and 115 with negative results in the pre-donation rapid test. HBsAg+ donors were mainly males (71.2%), with a median age of 42, and 97.5% of them being first-time donors. Based on HBV serological profiles, three stages of infection were identified: early infection (2.9%), suspected acute hepatitis (0.8%), and chronic infection (96.3%). The dominant HBV genotypes were C (68.9%) and B (28.4%). Among chronic HBV infection individuals, donors infected with HBV genotype B were older than those infected with genotype C (median age: 45y vs 38.5y, P<0.05). Additionally, they showed significantly lower HBsAg levels with a narrower distribution range than those infected with genotype C [median: 23.2 IU/mL (range: <0.05-7 910 IU/mL) vs 968 IU/mL (range: <0.05-3.4×10
), P<0.05]. However, no significant difference was observed in the HBV DNA loads between these two genotypes (P>0.05). Conclusion: Between 2013 and 2022, the prevalence of HBsAg among blood donors in Dalian showed a year-over-year decline. Chronic infection was predominant among HBsAg+ first-time blood donors. The characteristics of chronic infection in blood donors differed significantly depending on the viral genotype, manifesting as differences in age of infected individuals and HBsAg level distribution.
8.Serological detection of anti-Mur and the distribution of the Mur antigen among voluntary blood donors
Qunfeng SHU ; Ji ZHOU ; Huan ZHAO ; Dong LIU ; Dongju PENG ; Zhiping YANG ; Yingying TANG
Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion 2025;38(10):1403-1407
Objective: To analyze the serological characteristics of anti-Mur antibodies and investigate the distribution frequency of the Mur antigen among voluntary blood donors in Shiyan, thereby providing a basis for guiding clinical transfusion and establishing a Mur blood type database. Methods: ABO blood grouping of donors and patients was performed using an automated blood typing analyzer and the gel card method, respectively. Unexpected antibody screening and identification were performed using the saline, tube anti-human globulin, and polybrene methods. The specificity of anti-Mur antibodies was confirmed using Fisher's exact probability test. Plasma treated with 2-mercaptoethanol was used to distinguish IgM and IgG antibodies. IgM and IgG anti-Mur titers were determined by the saline tube method and the anti-human globulin tube method, respectively, at 4℃, room temperature, and 37℃. A total of 1 659 donor red blood cell samples were initially screened for the Mur antigen phenotype using three samples of human-derived anti-Mur plasma by the micro-tube method. Donors who tested positive for Mur antigen were further tested by the direct antiglobulin test (DAT); those with negative results were confirmed for Mur antigen by the gel card and polybrene methods. Results: Three blood samples were identified to contain mixed IgG and IgM anti-Mur antibodies. The titers of both IgM and IgG anti-Mur antibodies were highest at 4℃, intermediate at room temperature, and lowest at 37℃. The positive frequency of the Mur antigen among voluntary blood donors in Shiyan was 1.99% (33/1 659). Conclusion: anti-Mur antibodies were detected in both blood donors and patients in our region. The Mur antigen shows a certain distribution frequency among voluntary blood donors in Shiyan. Screening for the Mur blood type and establishing a corresponding database could enhance transfusion safety.
9.Preparation and evaluation of folic acid-modified liposomal vaccines based on natural IgM adjuvant
Anze LIU ; Yingying HE ; Huan WANG ; Ying LU
Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice and Service 2025;43(11):555-559
Objective To increase the antigen presentation and immune response of liposomal vaccines through IgM functionalization strategy. Methods Folic acid-modified liposomes loaded with ovalbumin (FA-sLip/OVA) were prepared. The binding ability of liposomal vaccines with IgM was investigated by ELISA method. The IgM in the protein corona was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western Blot. Mice were immunized by intravenous injection to investigate the spleen B cell targeting and immune activation of vaccines. Results The average particle size of FA-sLip/OVA was about 117 nm. The specific binding between FA-sLip and IgM was verified by ELISA method. Folic acid-modified liposomal vaccines could absorb IgM in mouse serum and form protein coronas on the surface. Intravenous immunization could stimulate mice to produce long-lasting, high-level antibody titers. Conclusion Natural IgM-enabled folic acid-modified liposomal vaccines were successfully prepared which could effectively induce immune response and provide a new idea for the research of nano-vaccines.
10.Effect of Liangxue Tuizi Formula (凉血退紫方) on RAF/MEK/ERK Pathway in Skin Tissue and Serum NETs Biomarkers in Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Model Rats with Blood Heat Syndrome
Yingying JIANG ; Manxiang YANG ; Zhenhua YUAN ; Leying XI ; Mingyang CAI ; Diya MA ; Yifan LI ; Yuhang NIU ; Runze LIU ; Jiawen CAO ; Xilin CHEN ; Xianqing REN
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2025;66(23):2475-2483
ObjectiveTo investigate the potential mechanism of Liangxue Tuizi Formula (凉血退紫方, LXTZF) in treating Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) by examining its regulatory effect on neutrophil extracellular trap (NETs) dysregulation via the rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma kinase (RAF)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. MethodsSeventy Wistar rats were randomly allocated into a blank control group (n=14) and a modeling group (n=56). Rats in the modelling group underwent an eight-week modelling period to establish HSP rat models with blood-heat syndrome via modified ovalbumin (OVA) induction method combined with oral administration of heat-property Chinese herbal medicine. Fifty successfully modeled rats were subsequently randomly divided into five groups (n=10 per group), model group, compound glycyrrhizin group, LXTZF group, RAF inhibitor group, and LXTZF + RAF agonist group. Additionally, 10 rats were selected from the original blank control group for the final experiment. From the 11th week of modelling, rats in the blank control group and the model group received 1 ml/(100 g·d) ultrapure water via oral administration, in addition to 0.5 ml/(kg·d) 0.9% sodium chloride solution via intraperitoneal injection. The LXTZF group and the compound glycyrrhizin group received 7.5 g/(kg·d) LXTZF granule suspension via gavage, 13.5 mg/(kg·d) compound glycyrrhizin suspension via gavage, respectively. The RAF inhibitor group received 1 mg/(kg·d) GW5074 suspension via intraperitoneal injection and ultrapure water via oral administration; the LXTZF + RAF agonist group received 7.5 g/(kg·d) LXTZF granule suspension via gavage and 1 mg/(kg·d) paclitaxel suspension via intraperitoneal injection. All administrations were performed once daily for 4 weeks. After intervention, skin tissue histopathology was examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunoglobulin A (IgA) deposition was assessed via immunofluorescence, serum levels of neutrophil elastase (NE), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), serum myeloperoxidase (MPO) level was determined by a colorimetric assay; the mRNA expression levels of RAF, MEK, and ERK in skin tissue were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR); and the protein expression of RAF, MEK, ERK, as well as phosphorylated MEK (p-MEK) and phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK), were analyzed by Western Blot. ResultsSkin tissue in the blank control group rats remained normal, whereas the model group exhibited neutrophil infiltration and haemorrhage with red blood cell rupture. In all drug intervention groups, neutrophil infiltration and haemorrhagic exudation reduced markedly, with LXTZF group demonstrating the most pronounced improvement. Compared with the blank control group, rats in the model group exhibited enhanced IgA fluorescence intensity in skin tissue, elevated serum levels of NE, MPO, TNF-α and VCAM-1, increased mRNA expression of RAF, MEK, ERK1 and ERK2, as well as heightened RAF protein levels and p-MEK/MEK and p-ERK/ERK ratios (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the drug intervention groups exhibited reduced IgA fluorescence intensity in skin tissue, along with decreased serum levels of NE, MPO, TNF-α, and VCAM-1 (P<0.05). In LXTZF group and RAF inhibition groups, reduced mRNA expression of RAF, MEK, ERK1, and ERK2 was observed in rat skin tissue, alongside decreased RAF protein levels and reduced p-MEK/MEK and p-ERK/ERK ratios (P<0.05). Compared with LXTZF + RAF agonist group, the compound glycyrrhizin group, LXTZF group, and RAF inhibitior group exhibited reduced IgA fluorescence intensity in skin tissue, decreased serum NE, MPO, TNF-α, and VCAM-1 levels, and decreased MEK mRNA expression and p-MEK/MEK ratio (P<0.05). ConclusionThe potential mechanism by which LXTZF treats Henoch-Schönlein purpura with blood heat syndrome may involve blocking the RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in skin tissue, and suppressing excessive formation of NETs, thereby reducing IgA deposition in dermal microvessels and attenuating systemic inflammatory responses.


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