Objective: To understand the allocation and use of safety seats for preschool children and explore its related factors, so as to provide a scientific reference for promoting the usage of safety seats. Methods: A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 3 143 parents of preschool children aged 3 to 6 from six kindergartens in Shunyi District, Beijing from January 3 to 10, 2022. An online questionnaire survey was conducted to collect and evaluate the equipment and use of child safety seats in different characteristics of preschool children, as well as their scores of health beliefs. Multiple factor Logistic regression analysis was used to investigated the related factors of safety seat configuration and use. Results: The equipping rate and usage rate of safety seats for preschool children were 66.56% and 58.45%, respectively. The proportion of equipped and used safety seats for preschool children in core families (69.52%, 62.23%) were higher than that in large families (64.35%, 55.62%), only child families ( 72.39 %, 64.87%) were higher than non only child families (61.49%, 52.86%), and urban families (71.63%, 63.04%) were higher than rural families (52.31%, 45.51%) ( χ 2=9.23, 13.86; 41.72, 46.44; 101.96 ,76.97,all P <0.05) . As the educational level of parents ( χ 2 trend =154.23,98.76) and annual income of the family ( χ 2 trend =155.78,127.69) rised, the reporting rates of the equipped and used child safety seats in the family also increased(all P <0.05 ). There were statistically significant differences in the scores of different dimensions of health beliefs for the provision ( t =-20.22-18.16) and use ( t =24.32-24.17) of safety seats for preschool children(all P <0.05). After adjusting for child sex, child age, family annual income, parental education level, family type, whether the child was an only child, and place of residence，multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that preschool children with higher perceived susceptibility score( OR =1.11, 1.08), higher self efficacy score( OR =1.23, 1.33), and higher suggestive factors score( OR =1.08, 1.12) were more likely to have and use safety seats in their families, while preschool children with higher perceived impairments score( OR =0.82, 0.80) were less likely to have and use safety seats in their families (all P <0.05). Conclusions The installation rate of child safety seats needs to be improved, and there is also a certain gap in their use after installation. Parents of preschool children should improve susceptibility and self efficacy to safety seat equipment and use, and perceptual barriers should be reduced.

Farrerol is a dihydroflavone compound extracted from the dried leaves of Rhododendron dauricum belonging to the Ericaceae family. This article systematically reviews relevant research on farrerol both domestically and internationally， summarizes its pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action， and finds that it exerts cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protective effects by maintaining the homeostasis of vascular endothelial function and inhibiting vascular intimal hyperplasia； exerts renal protective effects by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） signaling pathway to reduce renal damage； exerts liver protective effects by inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway， activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway， improving insulin resistance， and reducing lipid deposition in the liver； exerts neuroprotective effects by activating the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway， inhibiting the Toll-like receptor 4 and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase/stimulator of interferon genes signaling pathways to reduce neuroinflammatory damage； exerts bone protective effects by promoting tendon formation and inhibiting osteoclast differentiation； exerts antitumor effects by inducing tumor cell apoptosis and weakening tumor cell invasion and metastasis； and exerts antibacterial effects by downregulating α -toxin expression， interfering with β -lactamase/penicillin-binding protein 2a （PBP2a）， and inhibiting PBP2a oligomerization. Currently， research on the pharmacological effects of farrerol is still mainly focused on animal and cell experiments. Further mechanistic studies and clinical trials are needed to provide theoretical basis for its new drug development and clinical application.

Farrerol is a dihydroflavone compound extracted from the dried leaves of Rhododendron dauricum belonging to the Ericaceae family. This article systematically reviews relevant research on farrerol both domestically and internationally， summarizes its pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action， and finds that it exerts cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protective effects by maintaining the homeostasis of vascular endothelial function and inhibiting vascular intimal hyperplasia； exerts renal protective effects by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） signaling pathway to reduce renal damage； exerts liver protective effects by inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway， activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway， improving insulin resistance， and reducing lipid deposition in the liver； exerts neuroprotective effects by activating the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway， inhibiting the Toll-like receptor 4 and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase/stimulator of interferon genes signaling pathways to reduce neuroinflammatory damage； exerts bone protective effects by promoting tendon formation and inhibiting osteoclast differentiation； exerts antitumor effects by inducing tumor cell apoptosis and weakening tumor cell invasion and metastasis； and exerts antibacterial effects by downregulating α -toxin expression， interfering with β -lactamase/penicillin-binding protein 2a （PBP2a）， and inhibiting PBP2a oligomerization. Currently， research on the pharmacological effects of farrerol is still mainly focused on animal and cell experiments. Further mechanistic studies and clinical trials are needed to provide theoretical basis for its new drug development and clinical application.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of Wenjing Decoction in treating endometriosis(EMT)using bioinformatics methods and in vitro experiments.Methods The active components and corresponding targets of Wenjing Decoction were obtained from the TCMSP database,while EMT-related targets were identified using the GEO database.Functional enrichment analysis was conducted on the targets to predict core targets for treating EMT with Wenjing Decoction.Molecular docking was performed on core targets-drug ligands,and in vitro experiments validated the findings.Results Through screening the TCMSP database,117 active components of Wenjing Decoction were identified,corresponding to 248 targets;5 312 EMT-related differential genes were gathered from GEO database,identifying 97 potential targets of Wenjing Decoction for treating EMT,with core targets being IL6,TNF and EGFR.Functional enrichment analysis of EMT differential genes showed enrichment in pathways such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,MAPK signaling pathway,endocytosis,calcium signaling pathway,autophagy and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.Molecular docking showed that IL6,TNF,EGFR bind stably to their corresponding drug ligands.In vitro experiments indicated that Wenjing Decoction could inhibit the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway,promote LC3 Ⅰ to LC3 Ⅱ conversion,enhance the expression of Beclin-1,and reduce P62 expression.Moreover,Wenjing Decoction could hinder the expression of the endometriosis-specific biomarker CA125,decrease EGFR,IL-6 and TNF-α expressions in ectopic endothelial cells,inhibiting proliferation.Conclusion Wenjing Decoction can treat EMT through multiple pathways and targets,with the key mechanism being the reversal of autophagy inhibition via down-regulating of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.

Objective To verify the accuracy of Youssef's formula and evaluate whether fetal biacromial diameter(BA)and other fetal biological diameters estimated by ultrasound can be used to predict macrosomia and shoulder dystocia,so as to provide the possibility for clinical prediction of shoulder dystocia.Methods A total of 200 pregnant women with a gestational period of 37-42 weeks were examined with ultrasound within 3 days before delivery for collecting biparietal diameter(BPD),head circumference(HC),abdominal circumference(AC),humerus length(HL),femur length(FL),thoracic transverse diameter and midpoint diameter of upper arm;and the fetal BA was estimated by Youssef's formula.Neonatal BA,body mass and body length were measured within 1 day after delivery.The above data were analyzed for correlation.Newborns were grouped according to their body mass(macrosomia vs non-macrosomia)and whether they had shoulder dystocia or not(shoulder dystocia vs non-shoulder dystocia).Results(1)The fetal BA estimated by Youssef's formula was consistent with neonatal BA(P>0.05),and the estimated BA was positively correlated with BPD,HC,AC and neonatal body mass(P<0.001).(2)The BA,BA/AC and BA/HC in macrosomia group were different from those in non-macrosomia group(P<0.05).ROC curve showed that the sensitivity and specificity were 92.3%and 88.2%for macrosomia prediction when the estimated BA threshold was 16.05 cm,and those were 61.5%and 77.0%when BA/AC threshold was 0.455,and 76.9%and 72.7%when BA/HC threshold was 0.465.(3)Shoulder dystocia group had neonatal weight close to non-shoulder dystocia group(P>0.05),but higher BA/BPD,BA/HC and BA-BPD(P<0.05).ROC curve showed that the sensitivity and specificity were 100.0%and 66.8%for shoulder dystocia when BA threshold was 15.45 cm,100.0%and 80.6%when BA/BPD threshold was 1.695,100.0%and 81.6%when BA/HC threshold was 0.475,and 100.0%and 76.0%when the threshold difference between BA and BPD was 6.35 cm.Conclusion Fetal BA,BA/BPD,BA/HC,BA/AC and BA-BPD may be effective predictors of shoulder dystocia and macrosomia.

Objective:To systematically evaluate and integrate the exercise experience of overweight or obese pregnant women during pregnancy, in order to provide basis for the formulation of standardized exercise programs for this population.Methods:We searched databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, Ovid, PsycINFO, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, VIP, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, from their inception to August 16, 2023, to collect qualitative studies on the exercise experience of overweight or obese pregnant women during pregnancy. The quality of included studies was evaluated according to Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for qualitative studies in Australia. The results were integrated by integrating methods.Results:A total of 11 studies were included. Sixty-one complete findings were grouped according to similarities to form 9 new categories. These categories resulted in 3 synthesized findings. Pregnant women with overweight or obesity were affected by promoting and hindering factors; careful balance of exercise risk and benefit for overweight or obese pregnant women during pregnancy; expectations and needs of overweight or obese pregnant women for exercise during pregnancy.Conclusions:Overweight or obese pregnant women highly rated the benefits and importance of exercise, but their participation and adherence to exercise is challenging. Medical staff should pay attention to the exercise experience of overweight or obese pregnant women during pregnancy, understand the driving factors and obstacles of exercise for overweight or obese pregnant women, in order to provide standardized and personalized exercise guidance programs for overweight or obese pregnant women.

Objective To explore the effect of Omaha system continuity nursing on the degree of pain and quality of life in patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.Methods A total of 110 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from September 2022 to May 2023 were selected.They were divided into intervention group and control group according to the random number table method,with 55 cases in each group.Patients in control group were given conventional continuous nursing,while patients in intervention group were given Omaha system continuity nursing.Both groups of patients were intervened for 6 months.The range of motion of shoulder joint,shoulder joint function,degree of pain and quality of life of two groups of patients before and after the intervention were compared.Results After the intervention,the range of motion of shoulder joint in intervention group was significantly greater than that in control group,University of California,Los Angeles shoulder joint score and the 8-item short form health survey were significantly higher than those in control group,and numerical rating scale score of pain was significantly lower than that in control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Omaha system continuity nursing can improve shoulder joint mobility and function,alleriate pain,and improve quality of life for patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair surgery.

Objective:To investigate the impact of internationalization at home medical education on clinical medical undergraduate abilities based on value-added assessment, and to provide a reference for deepening education and teaching reform in medical colleges and universities.Methods:The study subjects consisted of undergraduate students enrolled in 2020 at Chongqing Medical University majoring in clinical medicine (five-year program) and clinical medicine (Sino-foreign cooperative education program). The questionnaire in the 2023 China Medical Students Survey, initiated by the National Medical Education Development Center, was used in this study. SPSS 27.0 was used for independent samples t-test and hierarchical linear regression. Results:Compared with the control group, the clinical medical undergraduates who received internationalization at home medical education had higher scores in academic article writing ability [(3.89±0.73) vs. (2.87±0.80)], literature retrieval and information management ability [(3.98±0.64) vs. (3.43±0.65)], and international communication and global health concept [(3.81±0.68) vs. (3.52±0.69)]. Controlling for individual-level student variables, internationalization at home medical education had a positive effect on clinical medicine undergraduate abilities based on value-added assessment ( β=5.003, P<0.001). Conclusions:The internationalization at home medical education in Chongqing Medical University enhances the abilities of clinical medical undergraduates, and provides a reference for the comprehensive improvement of the education quality of medical talents.

Formulating a well-defined research question and developing a scientifically sound study protocol is important for ensuring the quality of pharmacoepidemiological research.Based on the Guide on Methodological Standards in Pharmacoepidemiology in China(2nd edition),this research provided an interpretation of the sections related to the formulation of research questions and the development of study protocols.First,it clarified the sources and scope of research questions,outlining a two-step approach—question generation and definition—and introduces relevant evaluation tools and defining frameworks.Furthermore,it systematically explained the key elements of a study protocol and provides an in-depth explanation of the research methodology and its critical aspects.Finally,the paper highlighted the importance of feasibility assessment,emphasizing that the process of defining research questions and study protocols is dynamic and iterative.Compared with the previous edition,the 2nd edition of the guidelines offers more detailed and updated guidance on question formulation and protocol development.It added three new elements—such as protocol archiving or registration—and three new content items,including study objectives.The 2nd edition also expanded the methodological framework and strengthens feasibility assessments,thereby enhancing the comprehensiveness and rigor of its practical guidance.By integrating guideline content with practical experience,this paper provided insights into its implications for pharmacoepidemiological research and serves as a reference for researchers in the field.

OBJECTIVE Aimd to investigate the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction among healthy elderly individuals in China using a large sample size and to explore its correlations with demographic and other factors.METHODS A total of 5 258 participants who aged 60 and above underwent the T&T olfactometer test and completed questionnaires.The prevalence of olfactory dysfunction was reported,and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between olfactory dysfunction and other factors.RESULTS The overall prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in the study was 26.5%.Independent risk factors for olfactory dysfunction included advanced age,rural residence(OR=1.88,95%CI:1.60-2.22,P<0.01),current smoking(OR=1.45,95%CI:1.15-1.83,P<0.01),and self-reported olfactory dysfunction(OR=10.12,95%CI:8.44-12.14,P<0.01).In contrast,female gender(OR=0.70,95%CI:0.58-0.85,P<0.01)and high educational attainment were independently associated with a lower prevalence of olfactory dysfunction.CONCLUSION The prevalence of olfactory dysfunction among individuals aged 60 and above increased with age.Male gender,rural residence,low educational attainment,current smoking,and self-reported decline in olfactory function were independently associated with olfactory dysfunction.