Objective To explore the regulatory effect of corilagin(COR)on Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome activation and chondrocyte pyroptosis induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)combined with nigericin(NIG).Methods Primary chondrocytes isolated from C57BL/6J mice were cultured to passage 3 for experiments.Cells were divided into control group,LPS group,LPS+NIG group,and LPS+NIG+COR(low-,medium-,and high-dose)groups.The chondrocytes were pre-sensitized with LPS for 4 h.Then the cells were treated with COR at different concentrations(10,20,and 40 μmol/L)for 30 min,and finally NIG(10 μmol/L)was supplemented for 1 h.Control cells were cultured in DMEM/F-12 medium supplemented with 1%FBS.Cell counting kit 8(CCK-8)was used to detect the effect of COR at different concentrations(10,20,40 μmol/L)on chondrocyte viability.Propidium iodide(PI)and Hoechst 33342 staining and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)release assay were used to analyze the effect of COR on chondrocyte death induced by LPS and NIG.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation marker cysteine aspartic acid specific protease 1(caspase 1)p20 in the cell supernatant and NLRP3,apoptosis-associated speck-like protein(ASC),caspase 1,interleukin-1β precursor(pro-IL-1β),and pyroptosis execution protein gasdermin D(GSDMD)in the cell lysate.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the level of IL-1β in cell culture supernatant.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)fluorescent probe 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(H2DCFDA)staining was used to observe the effect of COR on ROS production,and Western blotting was used to detect the expression of intracellular glycolysis-related proteins hexokinase 2(HK2),glucose transporter 1(GLUT1),and lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA).Results COR exhibited slight effect on chondrocyte viability at the concentration≤40 μmol/L.COR(10-40 μmol/L)reduced the proportion of PI-positive cells(all P＜0.05)and the release of LDH(all P＜0.01)stimulated by LPS and NIG,inhibited the expression of GSDMD N-terminus domain in chondrocytes,and reduced the release of caspase 1 p20 and IL-1β from chondrocytes(all P＜0.01).Furthermore,COR(40 μmol/L)reduced the production of ROS(compared with the control group,P＜0.01)and inhibited the expression of glycolysis-related proteins HK2,GLUT1,and LDHA(all P＜0.05).Conclusion COR can inhibit NIG-induced glycolysis/ROS/NLRP3 signaling,thereby preventing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and chondrocyte pyroptosis.

Objective To determine the acute effects of blood flow restriction(BFR)running warm-up on Achilles tendon morphology and function in basketball players in order to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing warm-up protocols for military personnel and athletes susceptible to Achilles tendon injuries.Methods Twenty-seven male basketball players were subjected and asked to participate in 3 different running warm-up protocols:low-speed running(LSR),high-speed running(HSR),and BFR combined with LSR(BFR-LSR).The acute changes in Achilles tendon morphology,mechanical properties,and functional performance across the 3 testing sessions were analyzed and compared.Results Immediately after training,both HSR warm-up and BFR-LSR warm-up significantly improved Achilles tendon thickness,blood flow,stiffness,and gastrocnemius maximal voluntary isometric contraction(MVIC)when compared with LSR warm-up(P<0.05).No statistical differences were observed in above indicators between the BFR-LSR and HSR warm-ups(P>0.05).24 hours after training,compared with LSR warm-up,HSR warm-up still significantly improved Achilles tendon thickness,blood flow,stiffness,and gastrocnemius MVIC(P<0.05).Although BFR-LSR warm-up did not show statistically significant differences in these parameters compared to LSR warm-up,it still demonstrated positive trends.Immediately and 24 h after training,no obvious difference were found in jump performance among the 3 warm-up protocols(P>0.05),but,both BFR-LSR and HSR warm-ups exhibited superior performance than LSR warm-up.Conclusion Immediately after training,BFR-LSR warm-up demonstrates comparable effects to the HSR warm-up on improving Achilles tendon morphology and performance,as well as enhancing jump performance.However,its sustained and long-term effects require further investigation.

Objective To investigate the effect of blood flow restriction combined with low-intensity plyometric jump training(LI-PJT+BFR)on lower limb dynamic postural control of functional ankle instability(FAI)in college students. Methods From March to May,2023,40 FAI college students were recruited from Xi'an Physical Education University,and randomly divided into high-intensity plyometric jump training(HI-PJT,n = 14)group,low-intensity plyomet-ric jump training(LI-PJT,n = 13)group and LI-PJT+BFR group(n = 13).All the groups finished the six-week corresponding training.The maximum voluntary isometric contraction(MVIC)of tibialis anterior,peroneus lon-gus,lateral head of gastrocnemius,gluteus maximus,vastus lateralis,biceps femoris and semitendinosus were measured,and the root mean square(RMS)of electromyography of these muscles was measured during the sin-gle-leg landing(SLL),using wireless surface electromyography before and after intervention.Moreover,they were assessed with Y-balance test and Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool(CAIT). Results MVIC and RMS of the target muscles improved after intervention in all the groups(t>2.218,P<0.05),except MVIC and RMS of peroneus longus,gluteus maximus,biceps femoris and semitendinosus in LI-PJT group,and RMS of peroneus longus in LI-PJT+BFR group;and MVIC and RMS of the target muscles were the least in LI-PJT group(F>3.262,P<0.05),except those of peroneus longus.The extension scores of Y-balance test and the total score improved after intervention(t>2.485,P<0.05),and they were the least in LI-PJT group(F>5.042,P<0.05).The CAIT score improved after intervention(t>5.227,P<0.001),and it was the least in LI-PJT group(F = 4.640,P<0.05). Conclusion LI-PJT+BFR could improve lower limb dynamic postural control of FAI college students,which is similar to HI-PJT.

Trimethoprim molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was prepared as the coating of stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and applied to the trace analysis of trimethoprim and three sulfonamides in complex samples.The MIP-coating was about 21.5 μm thickness with the relative standard deviations (RSD) of 5.9％ (n=10).It was homogeneous and dense with good thermal and chemical stability.The extraction capability of the MIP-coating was 1.7 times over that of the non imprinted polymer (NIP) coating.The MIP coating exhibited selective adsorption ability to sulfonamides,triazines and methotrexate besides antibacterial synergists.The methods for the determination of trimethoprim and three sulfonamides by MIP-coated stir bar sorptive extraction coupled with HPLC were developed.It was successfully applied to the trace trimethoprim analysis in spiked urine and plasma samples.The linear range was 5 to 200 μg/L and the detection limit was 1.6 μg/L.The recoveries in urine and plasma samples were 84.5％ to 91.7％ with RSDs of 2.9％ -4.4％,71.9％ to 85.1％ with RSDs of 3.0％ -7.3％,respectively.The trimethoprim MIP-coated stir bar was also applied to the trace sulfonamides analysis in spiked milk sample.The linear range was 10-200 μg/L,the detection limit was within the range of 4.5-6.1 μg/L,and the recovery was 83.2％ - 110.2％ with RSDs of 4.1％ -8.0％.