Magnesium-doped calcium silicate(CS)bioceramic scaffolds have unique advantages in mandibular defect repair;however,they lack antibacterial properties to cope with the complex oral microbiome.Herein,for the first time,the CS scaffold was functionally modified with a novel copper-containing polydopamine(PDA(Cu2+))rapid deposition method,to construct internally modified(*P),externally modified(@PDA),and dually modified(*P@PDA)scaffolds.The morphology,degradation behavior,and mechanical properties of the obtained scaffolds were evaluated in vitro.The results showed that the CS*P@PDA had a unique micro-/nano-structural surface and appreciable mechanical resistance.During the prolonged immersion stage,the release of copper ions from the CS*P@PDA scaffolds was rapid in the early stage and exhibited long-term sustained release.The in vitro evaluation revealed that the release behavior of copper ions ascribed an excellent antibacterial effect to the CS*P@PDA,while the scaffolds retained good cytocompatibility with improved osteogenesis and angiogenesis effects.Finally,the PDA(Cu2+)-modified scaffolds showed effective early bone regeneration in a critical-size rabbit mandibular defect model.Overall,it was indicated that considerable antibacterial property along with the enhancement of alveolar bone regeneration can be imparted to the scaffold by the two-step PDA(Cu2+)modification,and the convenience and wide applicability of this technique make it a promising strategy to avoid bacterial infections on implants.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by progressive destruction of alveolar bone.The most critical mechanism underlying alveolar bone destruction is the imbalance of bone homeostasis,where osteoblast-mediated bone matrix synthesis plays an important role in regulating bone homeostasis.Regulated cell death is instrumental in both the inflammatory microenvironment and the regulation of bone homeostasis.Chronic inflammation,oxidative stress,and other factors can be directly involved in mitochondrial and death receptor-mediated signaling pathways,modulating B-cell lymphoma 2 family proteins and cysteine aspartic acid specific protease(caspase)activity,thereby affecting osteoblast apoptosis and alveolar bone homeostasis.Chronic inflammation and cellular damage induce osteoblast necroptosis via the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL signaling pathway,exacerbating the inflammatory response and accelerating alveolar bone destruction.Stimuli such as pathogenic microorganisms and cellular injury may also activate caspase-1-dependent or independent signaling pathways and gasdermin D family proteins,promoting osteoblast pyroptosis and releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines to mediate alveolar bone damage.Iron overload and lipid peroxidation in periodontitis can trigger ferroptosis in osteoblasts,impacting their survival and function,ultimately leading to bone homeostasis imbalance.This article focuses on the mechanism of periodontal disease affecting bone homeostasis through regulatory cell death,aiming to provide research evidence for the treatment of periodontitis and alveolar bone homeostasis imbalance.

Iron metabolism refers to the process of absorption,transport,excretion and storage of iron in organisms,including the biological activities of iron ions and iron-binding proteins in cells.Clinical research and animal experiments have shown that iron metabolism is associated with the progress of periodontitis.Iron metabolism not only enhances the proliferation and toxicity of periodontal pathogens,but also activate host immune-inflammatory response mediated by macrophages,neutrophils and lymphocytes.In addition,iron metabolism is also involved in regulating cellular death sensitivity of gingival fibroblasts and osteoblasts and promoting the differentiation of osteoclasts,which plays a regulatory role in the regeneration and repair of periodontal tissue.This article reviews the research progress on the pathogenesis of periodontitis from the perspective of iron metabolism,aiming to provide new ideas for the treatment of periodontitis.

To analyze the global burden of periodontal disease and its relation with socioeconomic development. Data of global disability-adjusted life year (DALY) due to periodontal disease and human development index (HDI) from 1990 to 2019 were obtained from Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx) and human development reports. The trend of the global burden of periodontal disease from 1990 to 2019 was described. The correlation between age-standardized DALY rates and HDI were examined in 2019, and between-country periodontal disease burden inequality from 1990 to 2019 was measured using health-related Gini coefficients and concentration indexes. From 1990 to 2019, the global DALY rate due to periodontal disease increased from 78.63 to 85.48, and the epidemiological burden did not increase significantly. Statistical differences were found across different HDI categories for age-standardized DALY rates of periodontal disease ( 44.315, <0.01) in 2019. Linear regression analysis also revealed a negative correlation between age-standardized DALY rate of periodontal disease and HDI ( = -0.417, <0.01) . Gini coefficients decreased from 0.361 to 0.281 and concentration indexes fell from 0.0339 to -0.0538 between 1990 and 2019. The global burden of periodontal disease did not increase between 1990 and 2019, though the socioeconomic-associated inequality still existed. The burden of periodontal disease was more concentrated in less developed countries, and the socioeconomic-associated inequality has increased since 2000.
Disability-Adjusted Life Years ; Global Health ; Humans ; Periodontal Diseases/epidemiology* ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Socioeconomic Factors

Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is generally regarded as a major contributor to dental caries because of its ability to synthesize extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) that aid in the formation of plaque biofilm. The VicRKX system of S. mutans plays an important role in biofilm formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vicK gene on specific characteristics of EPS in S. mutans biofilm. We constructed single-species biofilms formed by different mutants of vicK gene. Production and distribution of EPS were detected through atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Microcosmic structures of EPS were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Cariogenicity of the vicK mutant was assessed in a specific pathogen-free rat model. Transcriptional levels of cariogenicity-associated genes were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that deletion of vicK gene suppressed biofilm formation as well as EPS production, and EPS were synthesized mostly around the cells. Molecular weight and monosaccharide components underwent evident alterations. Biofilms formed in vivo were sparse and contributed a decreased degree of caries. Moreover, expressional levels of genes related to EPS synthesis were down-regulated, except for gtfB. Our report demonstrates that vicK gene enhances biofilm formation and subsequent caries development. And this may due to its regulations on EPS metabolism, like synthesis or microcosmic features of EPS. This study suggests that vicK gene and EPS can be considered as promising targets to modulate dental caries.
Animals ; Biofilms ; Dental Caries ; Dental Plaque ; Rats ; Streptococcus mutans/genetics*

Background and purpose: XB130 protein plays an important role in proliferation and invasiveness of tumor cells. However, there is little research on the role of XB130 protein in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the effect of XB130 is still unclear. This study investigated the role of XB130 gene in the proliferation of HCC cell and its potential mechanism. Methods: The protein expressions of XB130 in HCC cell lines, Huh7, HepG2 and SNU449, and liver cell line HL7702 were detected by Western blot. Huh7 cells were transfected with XB130-siRNA. Then cell viability was measured using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), and cell cycle was examined by flow cytometry. Protein expressions of p-AKT, p-GSK3β, cyclin D1 and p-Rb were detected by Western blot, while mRNA expression levels of E2F/DP1 target genes (cyclin E1, c-Myc and PCNA) were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: The relative protein expressions of XB130 in Huh7, HepG2, SNU449 and HL7702 cells were 0.66±0.10, 0.78±0.11, 0.83±0.08 and 0.32±0.06, respectively. The difference between HCC cell lines and HL7702 cell line was statistically significant (P＜0.01). The transfection efficacy of XB130-siRNA was confirmed to be highly effective in Huh7 cells, and the viability of XB130-siRNA transfected Huh7 cells declined 72 h after transfection (P＜0.001). The ratio of Huh7 cells in G0/G1 phase was increased, while the ratio in S or G2/M was decreased 48 h after XB130-siRNA transfection (P＜0.01). In addition, compared with negative control, protein expressions of p-AKT, p-GSK3β, cyclin D1 and p-Rb, and mRNA expression levels of cyclin E1, c-Myc and PCNA were all decreased in XB130-siRNA transfected Huh7 cells (P＜0.001). Conclusion: XB130 promotes the proliferation of HCC cells by regulating cell cycle-related proteins and downstream transcription factors.

Objective To explore the correlation between resistins rs2161490and rs1423096 genotype with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)in Guangdong.Methods Collected 178 blood of newly diagnosed T2DM in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2015 to November 2015 as the patient group and 192 blood of healthy physi-cal examination as the control group.Analysis of the two groups of gene distribution frequency was to reach the genetic equi-librium,comparative two gene loci frequencies of resistin rs2161490 and rs1423096 in case group and control group was sta-tistically significant,and compared the distribution frequency of rs2161490 locus T→C and rs1423096 locus A→G between the patient group and the control group.Then made a logistic regression analysis:analysing the risk two loci each genotype of resistin rs2161490 and rs1423096 to T2DM,adjust of the gender and age,and the changes of the risk of the two variables. Comparative blood lipids biochemical indexes between case group and the control group,mode the correlation analysis be-tween TG,CHOL,HDL-C and LDL-C levels of serum lipids in patients with rs2161490 and rs1423096 each genotypewere performed.Results The sample was consistent with Weinberg Hardy’s law of inheritance,which was representative of the population,comparing two gene loci frequency of resistin rs2161490 and rs1423096 of case group and control group:com-parinng CT,TT,CC of rs2161490 genotype,there was no statistically significant difference (P=0.834,>0.05),and com-parinng AA,AG,GG of rs2161490 genotype,there was no statistically significant difference (P=0.960,>0.05).Each gen-otypes with T2DM risk analysis,there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).Adjusting the risk change after the two variables,gender and age,there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05);TG,CHOL,HDL-C and LDL-C in each of the genes expression levels correlation analysis,there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05).Con-clusion Analysis results showed that the frequency of two loci all genotypes in the case group and control group were no statistical significance (P>0.05).The risk of two loci gene type of rs2161490 with rs1423096 and type 2 diabetes were be-fore and after the covariate adjustment had no statistical significance (P>0.05 ).Each genotype of rs2161490 with rs1423096 and lipid levels had no statistical significance (P>0.05).Thus infer that two genotypes is not risk for type 2 dia-betes genes in guangdong area.

BACKGROUND:Primates are considered to be the most appropriate animal model of lumbar intervertebraldisc degeneration, but the disc degenerated characteristics of monkeys were rarely reported. OBJECTIVE:To verify the degenerated regularity and characteristics of lumbar intervertebral disks in rhesus monkeys with magnetic resonance T2 mapping and T1ρimaging technology. METHODS:The sagittal lumbar intervertebral disc magnetic resonance T2 weighted imaging,T2 weighted mapping imaging and T1ρweighted imaging of 63 adult rhesus monkeys were acquired on 1.5T magnetic resonance equipment. The T2-map value and T1ρvalue of lumbar intervertebral disc regions of interest were calculated on the post-processing workstation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) This study obtained 425 better magnetic resonance images of lumbar intervertebral disks in adult rhesus monkeys. T2-map value and T1ρvalue of nucleus pulposus were most consistent by different persons, and the Kappa coefficient was more than 0.93. (2) The T2-map value and T1ρvalue of nucleus pulposus were both negatively correlated significantly with Pfirrmann grades (r=-0.842, P<0.01;r=-0.896, P<0.01). The T1ρvalue and T2-map value of nucleus pulposus were significantly statistical y different between Pfirrmann grades I-IV (P<0.001, P<0.001). The T1ρvalue of nucleus pulposus was negatively correlated significantly with Pfirrmann grade II-III (r=-0.517, P<0.01) and Pfirrmann grade IV-V (r=-0.499, P<0.01). The T2-map value of nucleus pulposus was also negatively correlated significantly with Pfirrmann grade II-III (r=-0.617, P<0.01) and Pfirrmann grade IV-V (r=-0.652, P<0.01). (3) The T2-map value of L1-2 and L2-3 segments nucleus pulposus were significantly lower than that in L6-7 and L7-S1 segments (P<0.05). (4) There were significant differences in age among the T1ρvalue and T2-map value of nucleus pulposus (r=-0.702, P<0.001, r=-0.730, P<0.001). (5) It is concluded that magnetic resonance T2 mapping and T1ρimaging technology can objectively and sensitively assess the degenerated process of nucleus pulposus in rhesus monkeys. The degeneration in upper lumbar segments (L1-2 and L2-3) was earlier and more severe than that in lower lumbar segments (L6-7 and L7-S1) in rhesus monkeys. Age is one of the most important factors in lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration of adult rhesus monkeys.

Objective To investigate the clinical features,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of the renal secondary tumor.Methods From January 2000 to January 2014,the data from 31 patients,including 23 male patients and 8 female patients,with renal secondary tumors were analyzed retrospectively.Their mean age was 56 years old (ranging from 38 to 75 years old).The 31 renal secondary tumors rooted in lung cancer(n =14),lymphoma(n =5),colorectal cancer and gastric cancer(n =3),breast cancer(n =2),esophageal cancer(n =1),thyroid cancer (n =1),cervical cancer (n =1) and bladder cancer (n =1),respectively.There were 22 patients (71.0％) of renal metastasis accompany with other organs or lymph node metastasis.9 cases (29％) suffered with independent renal metastasis and 21 cases (67.7％) suffered with unilateral renal metastasis.5 cases(16.1％) were diagnosed as primary tumor with the renal metastasis at the same time,and the remaining 26 cases were found renal metastasis within 9 to 72 months after primary tumor (mean 30 months).There were only 5 patients (16.1％) with symptom.Ultrasound showed low echo range in 20 cases (65.6％) or uneven echo in 11 cases (34.4％).CT showed equal density (77.4％) in 24 cases or slightly low density shadow (22.6％) in 7 cases,most of which were endogenous,mild enhancement.10 cases (32.3％) were bilateral renal metastasis,unilateral renal multiple metastases was found in 6 cases (19.4％),and single metastasis was noticed in 15 cases (48.4％).The average diameter of the renal metastasis was 2.7 cm (ranging from 0.9 to 6.8 cm).Except 4 cases gave up the treatment,the remaining 27 cases were accepted comprehensive therapy about the primary tumor.the 9 patients with renal metastasis only were treated with chemotherapy or targeted therapy for the advanced primary tumor.Among the 9 patients,6 cases were undergone NSS or radical nephrectomy (RN) treatment.Results In 9 cases with only renal metastasis,6 cases,treated by surgery,recovered well.Postoperative pathological and immunohistochemical results confirmed the renal metastasis.Up to January 2015,the follow-up duration ranged from 2 months to 60 months [mean (22.6 ± 18.4) months].The survival time ranged from 1 month to 51 months [mean (13.2 ± 13.2) months].Among 22 cases with multiple metastasis,4 cases gave up treatment,whose average survival time was (2.0 ± 1.4) months.However,the average survival time in remaining 18 cases was (11.1 ± 4.7) months (P ＜ 0.05).In 9 cases with independent renal metastasis,the average survival time in 6 cases,accepted the procedure,was (26.2 ± 18.6) months.While,the average survival time in remaining 3 non-surgical cases,was (10.3 ± 4.0) months (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Renal secondary tumor was rare in clinic.Most cases have isolated lesion.Renal secondary tumor was advanced manifestation of the primary tumor,which could prolong the survival time according to the comprehensive treatment for the primary tumor.Surgical resection of the lesion before the comprehensive treatment could be chosen in the independent renal metastasis.

Objective To explore the diagnostic significance of CT and MRI in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.Methods Analyze the CT and MRI images of 16 cases which were confirmed as dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans by pathology.The medical imaging features of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans were summarized.In the total 16 cases(including 6 male cases,10 female cases),15 cases had suffered from dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans for more than 1 year, 11 cases for more than 5 years, and 9 cases had history of recurrence.Results On MRI, the mass was slightly hypointense on T 1 WI, inhomogeneously hyperintense on T 2 WI with inhomogenous enhancement.The diameters of mass were less than 5 cm in 3 cases,and were more than 5cm in 13 cases.Fifteen cases had clear demarcation between the masses and their adjacent muscles , 7 cases had “suspension sign” in shapes, 10 cases had “sub-nodules outward” features at the edge of the tumors , 12 cases had “multinodular” features inside the tumor , and 8 tumors grew into the surrounding fat layer like roots.Conclusion Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans can be diagnosed accurately based on the features displayed on CT and MRI.