The incidence of leukemia,a malignant cancer originating from the hematopoietic system,is increasing annually.Although traditional treatment method such as chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have improved patient survival rates to some extent,serious side effects,drug tolerance,and high recurrence rates remain.In recent years,studies have shown that the gut microbiota and its metabolites play an important role in the occurrence,development,and complications of leukemia.Imbalance of the gut microbiota can lead to decreased immune function and an intensified inflammatory response,which is a key factor driving disease progression.Some metabolites,such as short-chain fatty acids,enhance immune function and improve patient prognosis through intestinal barrier repair,while others,such as hydrogen sulfide and bile acids,show potential anti-tumor effects exerted through regulation of tumor cell apoptosis and immune balance.Traditional Chinese medicine aimed at regulating the structure of the gut microbiota and its metabolites has shown great potential in alleviating the side effects of chemotherapy for leukemia.This review covers the role of the gut microbiota and its metabolites in the occurrence,development,and complications of leukemia,and explores treatment strategies for regulating the microbiota,including fecal microbiota transplantation,probiotics,and traditional Chinese medicine intervention.We anticipate that this review will serve as a reference for improving the treatment and prognosis of leukemia.

OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of traditional swab sampling method on etiological surveillance of in-fectious diseases for large-scale object surfaces in hospitals and validate the samples processing method based on pre-wet anti-static fabric and modified polyethylene glycol(PEG)precipitation enrichment technology so as to im-prove the capability of early warning of infectious diseases and optimize the environmental surveillance program in the hospitals.METHODS The on-site surveillance was carried out for 8 times in 3 public hospitals(Shenzhen Longgang People's Hospital,the Second People's Hospital of Longgang and Longgang Maternal and Child Health Hospital)from May 2024 to Mar.2025.Totally 23 types of respiratory tract pathogens(18 types of viruses,5 type of pathogenic bacteria)and 6 types of gastrointestinal tract pathogens were simultaneously detected by means of fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR);the actual isolation rates,etiological spectrum and cycle threshold(Ct)value were compared.The acrylic plate added with standards of different loads of H1NI influ-enza viruses was used as model for laboratory evaluation.The minimum detection limit,sensitivity and repeatabili-ty were observed and compared between the methods.RESULTS The minimum detection limit of both methods was 6.0 × 104 copies/ml,however,the positive rate of nucleic acid testing of the pre-wet fabric method was 100.00％(3/3),higher than 33.33％(1/3)of the swab method;when the low viral load was 6.0× 105 copies/ml,the average concentration of viral nucleic acid of the pre-wet fabric method(X-Ct=36.59)was higher,with the re-peatability(CV=0.99％,＜3.14％)better.The results of the on-site surveillances showed that the total isolation rates of pathogens of the pre-wet fabric method ranged between 42.84％and 64.27％,higher than between 10.71％and 21.43％of the swab method,with the isolated pathogens more abundant,the Ct value lower(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION The pre-wet fabric sampling enrichment method integrated with anti-static fabric sampling and PEG enrichment technology shows higher sensitivity and stability in the etiological surveillance of large-scale object surfaces,raising the isolation rate.

Objective:To summarize the experience of diagnosis and treatment of unexplained neonatal intestinal perforation.Methods:A case summary was conducted.Intestinal perforation children who showed unclear etiology during surgical exploration in Fujian Children′s Hospital from October 2017 to October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.The perforation characteristics, pathological characteristics, etiological analysis and surgical methods were analyzed, and the diagnosis and treatment experience was summarized.Results:There were 21 neonates with unexplained intestinal perforation, including 15 boys and 6 girls.There were more full-term infants (12 cases) than preterm ones (9 cases), and more neonates with normal birth weight (12 cases) than those with low birth weight (9 cases).Intraoperative perforation was detected in the ileum in 13 cases and colon in 8 cases.The perforation diameter ranged between 0.5-2.0 cm.Single perforation was detected in 20 cases, and 1 case had two perforations.All patients underwent full-layer multipoint biopsy and enterostomy.Pathological reports after surgery showed that Hirschsprung disease was confirmed in 10 cases, and Hirschsprung disease allied disorders were diagnosed in 8 cases.The remaining 3 cases had normal ganglion cells, and 2 cases of them had spontaneous intestinal perforation, and 1 case had meconium ileus.After operation, 3 cases gave up treatment, 1 case died, and 17 patients were discharged from hospital at the first stage.Nine cases with Hirschsprung disease received radical surgery at the age of 3-6 months.Six out of 8 patients with Hirschsprung disease allied disorders underwent fistula closure surgery after accurate evaluation.Among the 6 children who received fistula closure surgery, 1 case underwent Santulli enterostomy because of inability to defecate and abdominal distension after surgery.Two of the 6 children undergoing fistula closure surgery were still being followed up.Two cases of spontaneous intestinal perforation and 1 case of meconium ileus underwent fistula closure surgery at the age of 3 months, and postoperative defecation was normal.Conclusions:Intestinal neuronal dysplasia, meconium ileus combined with intestinal perforation and spontaneous intestinal perforation should be considered in unexplained neonatal intestinal perforation.It is recommended that enterostomy and multipoint biopsy should be performed to clarify the pathology before further treatment in children with unexplained intestinal perforation.Santulli enterostomy is a feasible staging operation.

The incidence of leukemia,a malignant cancer originating from the hematopoietic system,is increasing annually.Although traditional treatment method such as chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have improved patient survival rates to some extent,serious side effects,drug tolerance,and high recurrence rates remain.In recent years,studies have shown that the gut microbiota and its metabolites play an important role in the occurrence,development,and complications of leukemia.Imbalance of the gut microbiota can lead to decreased immune function and an intensified inflammatory response,which is a key factor driving disease progression.Some metabolites,such as short-chain fatty acids,enhance immune function and improve patient prognosis through intestinal barrier repair,while others,such as hydrogen sulfide and bile acids,show potential anti-tumor effects exerted through regulation of tumor cell apoptosis and immune balance.Traditional Chinese medicine aimed at regulating the structure of the gut microbiota and its metabolites has shown great potential in alleviating the side effects of chemotherapy for leukemia.This review covers the role of the gut microbiota and its metabolites in the occurrence,development,and complications of leukemia,and explores treatment strategies for regulating the microbiota,including fecal microbiota transplantation,probiotics,and traditional Chinese medicine intervention.We anticipate that this review will serve as a reference for improving the treatment and prognosis of leukemia.

Objective:To summarize the experience of diagnosis and treatment of unexplained neonatal intestinal perforation.Methods:A case summary was conducted.Intestinal perforation children who showed unclear etiology during surgical exploration in Fujian Children′s Hospital from October 2017 to October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.The perforation characteristics, pathological characteristics, etiological analysis and surgical methods were analyzed, and the diagnosis and treatment experience was summarized.Results:There were 21 neonates with unexplained intestinal perforation, including 15 boys and 6 girls.There were more full-term infants (12 cases) than preterm ones (9 cases), and more neonates with normal birth weight (12 cases) than those with low birth weight (9 cases).Intraoperative perforation was detected in the ileum in 13 cases and colon in 8 cases.The perforation diameter ranged between 0.5-2.0 cm.Single perforation was detected in 20 cases, and 1 case had two perforations.All patients underwent full-layer multipoint biopsy and enterostomy.Pathological reports after surgery showed that Hirschsprung disease was confirmed in 10 cases, and Hirschsprung disease allied disorders were diagnosed in 8 cases.The remaining 3 cases had normal ganglion cells, and 2 cases of them had spontaneous intestinal perforation, and 1 case had meconium ileus.After operation, 3 cases gave up treatment, 1 case died, and 17 patients were discharged from hospital at the first stage.Nine cases with Hirschsprung disease received radical surgery at the age of 3-6 months.Six out of 8 patients with Hirschsprung disease allied disorders underwent fistula closure surgery after accurate evaluation.Among the 6 children who received fistula closure surgery, 1 case underwent Santulli enterostomy because of inability to defecate and abdominal distension after surgery.Two of the 6 children undergoing fistula closure surgery were still being followed up.Two cases of spontaneous intestinal perforation and 1 case of meconium ileus underwent fistula closure surgery at the age of 3 months, and postoperative defecation was normal.Conclusions:Intestinal neuronal dysplasia, meconium ileus combined with intestinal perforation and spontaneous intestinal perforation should be considered in unexplained neonatal intestinal perforation.It is recommended that enterostomy and multipoint biopsy should be performed to clarify the pathology before further treatment in children with unexplained intestinal perforation.Santulli enterostomy is a feasible staging operation.

OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of traditional swab sampling method on etiological surveillance of in-fectious diseases for large-scale object surfaces in hospitals and validate the samples processing method based on pre-wet anti-static fabric and modified polyethylene glycol(PEG)precipitation enrichment technology so as to im-prove the capability of early warning of infectious diseases and optimize the environmental surveillance program in the hospitals.METHODS The on-site surveillance was carried out for 8 times in 3 public hospitals(Shenzhen Longgang People's Hospital,the Second People's Hospital of Longgang and Longgang Maternal and Child Health Hospital)from May 2024 to Mar.2025.Totally 23 types of respiratory tract pathogens(18 types of viruses,5 type of pathogenic bacteria)and 6 types of gastrointestinal tract pathogens were simultaneously detected by means of fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR);the actual isolation rates,etiological spectrum and cycle threshold(Ct)value were compared.The acrylic plate added with standards of different loads of H1NI influ-enza viruses was used as model for laboratory evaluation.The minimum detection limit,sensitivity and repeatabili-ty were observed and compared between the methods.RESULTS The minimum detection limit of both methods was 6.0 × 104 copies/ml,however,the positive rate of nucleic acid testing of the pre-wet fabric method was 100.00％(3/3),higher than 33.33％(1/3)of the swab method;when the low viral load was 6.0× 105 copies/ml,the average concentration of viral nucleic acid of the pre-wet fabric method(X-Ct=36.59)was higher,with the re-peatability(CV=0.99％,＜3.14％)better.The results of the on-site surveillances showed that the total isolation rates of pathogens of the pre-wet fabric method ranged between 42.84％and 64.27％,higher than between 10.71％and 21.43％of the swab method,with the isolated pathogens more abundant,the Ct value lower(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION The pre-wet fabric sampling enrichment method integrated with anti-static fabric sampling and PEG enrichment technology shows higher sensitivity and stability in the etiological surveillance of large-scale object surfaces,raising the isolation rate.

Leukemia is a critical disease with a high incidence and extremely high fatality rate.Immune escape by leukemia stem cells(LSC)is the main factor for recurrence and progression after remission.Clinical diagnosis and treatment by Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)have distinct advantages of syndrome differentiation and treatment.Based on the purpose of diagnosis and treatment,leukemia treatment by TCM emphasizes the harmony of yin and yang to restore human functions,which is conducive to improve autoimmunity and conforms to the mechanism of intervention for tumor cell immune escape.This article discusses the mechanism and research progress of TCM interventions in LSC immune escape based on literature and TCM theory.

Objective To explore the correlation between the level of glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and the extent of coronary lesions in coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods One hundred and ninety-two CHD patients included in the study were divided into simple CHD group (n =60),CHD accompanied with impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) group (n =67),and CHD accompanied with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) group (n =65).48subjects were used as controls.The levels of GLP-1 in all the patients were analyzed by ELISA.Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTF) was performed.Blood glucose,insulin,and C-peptide levels were measured.The area under curves of insulin(AUCINS),C-peptide (AUCC-P),glucose (AUCGlu),and GLP-1 (AUCGLP-1) were calculated.All the patients underwent coronary angiography and the extent of coronary lesions was analyzed by total amount of coronary narrow degree integral.The association of GLP-1 level with coronary narrow degree was analyzed by correlation analysis and multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis.Results The levels of blood glucose and AUCGlu during OGTT in CHD accompanied with T2DM group were significantly higher than those in CHD with IGT group (P＜0.01),while the levels of insulin and C-peptide,AUCINS,and AUCC-P were decreased (P＜0.05).The levels of blood glucose,insulin,C-peptide,AUCGlu,AUCINs,and AUCC-P in CHD accompanied with IGT group were significantly higher than those in control group and simple CHD group (P＜0.01).Compared with simple CHD group and CHD accompanied with IGT group,GLP-1 level in CHD accompanied with T2DM group was markedly decreased(P＜0.01) while coronary artery narrow degree was raised(P＜ 0.05).Compared with simple CHD group,CHD accompanied with IGT group showed lower GLP-1 level and higher coronary artery narrow degree(P＜0.01).Correlation analysis revealed that GLP-1 level was negatively correlated with the coronary artery narrow degree in CHD patients (P ＜ 0.01).Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure,high density lipoprotein-cholesterol,fasting C-peptide and GLP-1 had a predictive effect on the coronary narrow degree integral in CHD patients.Conclusion The level of GLP-1 is closely correlated with the coronary artery narrow degree in CHD patients,especially in patients accompanied by hyperglycemia.

Objective To analyze the influence of liraglutide intervention combined percutanous coronary intervention(PCI) therapy on acute myocardial infarction( AMI) with type 2 diabetes( T2DM) patients'myocardial injury, ventricular remodeling( VR), and cardiac function. Methods Eighty patients with AMI and T2DM were included in the study, and they were randomly divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table, each with 40 patients. The patients in the control group received metformin and conventional insulin combined PCI treatment, and the patients in the observation group received metformin and liraglutide combined PCI treatment. The changes in the values of ventricular remodeling indexes, cardiac function and serum related indexes were compared after 3 months treatment between the two groups. Results ( 1) The body weight and fasting blood glucose levels of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group( P＜0.05), and fasting insulin levels were significantly higher than those of the control group(P＜0.01). (2)The levels of N-terminal-pro-B- type natriuretic peptide ( NT-proBNP ), creatine kinase isoenzymes-MB ( CK-MB), and troponin I ( TnI) in the observation group 3 months after treatment were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). (3)The levels of serum hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and interleukin-6(IL-6) in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group 3 months after treatment( P＜0. 05). ( 4) The values of left ventricular end systolic diameter ( LVESD ), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), interventricular septum thickness ( IVST), left ventricular posterior wall thickness ( LVPWT), left ventricular mass index ( LVMI), left ventricular end systolic volume ( LVESV), and left ventricular end diastolic volume(LVEDV) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group; the values of left ventricular fraction shortening(LVFS), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), and mitral valve early diastolic blood flow rate (VE)/atrial systolic flow velocity ( VA), all were higher than those of the control group ( P＜0. 05). Conclusion Lraglutide intervention combined with PCI therapy on AMI with T2DM patients may reduce myocardial injury, induce ventricular remodeling, enhance cardiac function, and improve prognosis.

Objective: To establish a diagnostic prediction model for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and search the potential biomarkers of ESCC. Methods: Serum samples from 59 patients with ESCC and 57 healthy controls were collected, and randomly divided into the training group (44 patients and 42 healthy controls) and validation group (15 patients and 15 healthy controls). Serum proteins/peptides were extracted and purified with weak cation-exchange chromatography Magnetic Beads (WCX-MB), and detected by the matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Then the differentially expressed proteins/peptides were screened out, and a diagnostic prediction model for ESCC was established and preliminarily validated. Results: The ClinProTools software identified 31 differential peptide peaks (P＜0.05), among which 18 peaks had significant difference (P＜0.01). Compared with healthy controls, 8 peaks were up-regulated in ESCC patients, while 10 peaks were down-regulated. Among them, the areas under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC ROC ) of m/z 2 660.84 and m/z 5 336.49 peaks were 0.95 and 0.91, respectively, and their expressions were up-regulated in ESCC patients. The validation results showed that the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic prediction model established by the genetic algorithm (GA) were 93.10%, 92.90% and 93.30%, respectively. Conclusion The established diagnostic prediction model may be used for the auxiliary diagnosis of ESCC. Two peptide peaks of m/z 2 660.84 and m/z 5 336.49 may be the potential biomarkers of ESCC.