Objective To investigate the mechanical characteristics and voltage output changes of microcatheter sensors during cyclic blood flow,and explore the feasibility of designing microcatheter sensors which can monitor pressure information and stenosis lesion information.Methods A two-way fluid-solid coupling model was constructed to perform finite element numerical simulation of the interaction between the microcatheter sensor and blood,the mechanical characteristics of the sensor in the longitudinal and circumferential directions in each key frame was analyzed,and the differences in mechanical characteristics of the sensor in healthy and stenotic vessels were compared;a PVDF force-electricity simulation model was constructed,and mechanical signals on the sensor were imported to analyze the sensor's voltage output in two scenarios.Results The longitudinal and circumferential outputs of the sensors in healthy vessels were relatively even in magnitude,with a ratio close to 1.In vessels with stenotic lesions,the longitudinal outputs of the sensors yielded significant differences,with ratios ranging from 0.3 to 0.6,and abnormal distributions in circumferential stenotic regions,with the ratio of the stenosis-direction component to the average value much larger than 1.Force-electric simulation further revealed that the sensors could convert mechanical signals into electrical signals and output them.The force-electric simulation further revealed that the sensor could convert the mechanical signal into an electrical signal and output it,and its output values ranged from 8.01 mV to 225.2 mV.Conclusions There was a significant difference in mechanical characteristics of the sensor between healthy vessels and vessels with stenotic lesions,the location and direction of stenotic lesions could be obtained by analyzing the output of the sensors,while the PVDF sensor could convert these mechanical characteristics into electrical signals which were easier to be processed.This study provides a theoretical reference for the development and application of the novel microcatheter sensors.

To address the challenges of capturing micro-strains in detecting esophageal motility disorders and the limitations of existing high-resolution manometry and functional intraluminal imaging probes in directly measuring esophageal tissue electrical impedance, this study proposes a novel flexible balloon sensor structure that integrates a piezoelectric film assembly with a distributed impedance electrode array. Using the electrical analysis module in the finite element analysis (FEA) software, simulations of the forward problem for esophageal impedance detection were conducted to optimize the excitation source parameters, and a physical prototype was fabricated. Under a relative excitation mode with a voltage sensitivity of 2.059%, the voltage output characteristics of the impedance electrode array were analyzed during linear changes in the balloon filling volume. Based on the performance variation of the piezoelectric film assembly, 80% was selected as the optimal filling volume. Force-electric coupling tests were conducted on the balloon sensor using a pressure testing platform, revealing that both the piezoelectric film assembly inside the balloon and the impedance electrodes outside the balloon exhibited significant load differentiation characteristics as the force application point shifted. In summary, this balloon sensor facilitates the localization of force application while simultaneously analyzing esophageal tissue properties, offering a novel diagnostic approach and objective tool for esophageal disease detection.
Esophagus/physiology* ; Electric Impedance ; Humans ; Finite Element Analysis ; Manometry/methods* ; Electrodes ; Esophageal Motility Disorders/physiopathology* ; Equipment Design

Objective To investigate the mechanical characteristics and voltage output changes of microcatheter sensors during cyclic blood flow,and explore the feasibility of designing microcatheter sensors which can monitor pressure information and stenosis lesion information.Methods A two-way fluid-solid coupling model was constructed to perform finite element numerical simulation of the interaction between the microcatheter sensor and blood,the mechanical characteristics of the sensor in the longitudinal and circumferential directions in each key frame was analyzed,and the differences in mechanical characteristics of the sensor in healthy and stenotic vessels were compared;a PVDF force-electricity simulation model was constructed,and mechanical signals on the sensor were imported to analyze the sensor's voltage output in two scenarios.Results The longitudinal and circumferential outputs of the sensors in healthy vessels were relatively even in magnitude,with a ratio close to 1.In vessels with stenotic lesions,the longitudinal outputs of the sensors yielded significant differences,with ratios ranging from 0.3 to 0.6,and abnormal distributions in circumferential stenotic regions,with the ratio of the stenosis-direction component to the average value much larger than 1.Force-electric simulation further revealed that the sensors could convert mechanical signals into electrical signals and output them.The force-electric simulation further revealed that the sensor could convert the mechanical signal into an electrical signal and output it,and its output values ranged from 8.01 mV to 225.2 mV.Conclusions There was a significant difference in mechanical characteristics of the sensor between healthy vessels and vessels with stenotic lesions,the location and direction of stenotic lesions could be obtained by analyzing the output of the sensors,while the PVDF sensor could convert these mechanical characteristics into electrical signals which were easier to be processed.This study provides a theoretical reference for the development and application of the novel microcatheter sensors.

Coronary microcirculation disorder after myocardial ischemia reperfusion （MIR） is a prominent problem in the treatment of coronary heart disease. According to the physiological commonality between “collaterals-sweat pore qi and fluid” and coronary microcirculation， and the evolution of the course of MIR， it is believed that “heart collateral stasis obstruction， sweat pore constraint and block” is the cause of coronary microcirculation disorder. The evolution of the pathogenesis can be divided into three periods. During the myocardial ischemia period， the pathogenesis is heart collaterals obstruction and sweat pores empty， while during the ischemia reperfusion period， it is internal formulation of deficiency wind， spasms of collaterals or slight heart collaterals obstruction； in the coronary microcirculation disorder period， sweat pores constraint and block， constraint transforming into heat， qi and fluid failing to diffuse are the pathogenesis. The corresponding treatment principle is assisting dredge with supplementation， and supplementing deficiency to dispel stasis； treating wind and blood simultaneously， and extinguishing wind to arrest convulsion； clearing heat and cooling blood， and diffusing qi and unblocking qi and fluid. Moreover， it is recommended to treat the heart and lungs simultaneously， and regulate the heart and liver at the same time.

Acute severe cholangitis is a serious disease with fast development and high mortality. The therapeutic options are stills limited. Once diagnosed, the key step of treatment is to timely reduce the high pressure of bile duct caused by biliary obstruction, and to block bacteria and toxins from entering the blood, which might trigger inflammation " cascade reaction" . The policy of " relieve obstruction, remove lesions, and bile duct drainage" raised by academician Huang Zhiqiang, is still the criterion for acute cholangitis treatment. Active biliary drainage, early continuous renal replacement therapy, and simultaneous antibacterial therapy and multi-organ function support can significantly improve the disease outcome and reduce mortality.

Cases of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid and antibody (IgM and IgG total antibody) after discharge from a hospital in Chongqing were continuously monitored. It was found that 5 cases of "re-positive" phenomenon, 5 cases of antibody were positive, and there was a trend of increasing with time. "Re-Positive" may be related to the following three factors. Children with asymptomatic infection had a long time of fecal detoxification.There were two consecutive nucleic acid tests "false negative" caused by various reasons.The virus clearance in patients was not complete, and the discharge standard was not conservative enough. The analysis of the causes of "Re-Positive" patients and the discussion of its infection will help us reveal more characteristics of this virus, and to provide a new basis for the discharge standard in the constantly updated diagnosis and treatment programme.

Graves′ disease, also known as diffuse toxic goiter, is an autoimmune disease with increased secretion of thyroid hormone. There are three effective treatments for Graves′ disease, which including anti-thyroid drugs (ATD), radioactive iodine and thyroidectomy. In general, ATD is the first choice of Graves′ disease treatment for domestic physicians, but the high recurrence rate has always been the deficiency of ATD treatment. Recurrence is mainly related to gender, age, smoking, course of disease, goiter and other factors. Among them, the reliability and applicability of single risk factor in evaluating the recurrence rate of Graves′ disease after ATD treatment are poor. The prediction model of multi-factor comprehensive score is helpful for the naive patients to choose the best treatment plan, to achieve the goal of precise treatment and to improve the remission rate of Graves′ disease drug treatment. In this paper, the reliability of risk factors for Graves′ disease recurrence after ATD treatment is evaluated, and the development and application of prediction models such as Graves′ recurrent events after therapy (GREAT) score, GREAT + score, and clinical severity score (CSS) are reviewed.

Objective:To investigate whether the nutrition support team (NST) benefits esophageal carcinoma (EC) patients who are concurrently undergoing chemoradiotherapy. Methods: Between June 2012 and December 2013, 40 EC patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy were divided into the NST group and routine treatment (RT) group, with 20 patients in each group. At the end of chemoradiotherapy, the nutritional status, incidence of complications, and completion rates of radiotherapy were evaluated. The length of hospital stay (LOS) and cost were also compared between the two groups. Results:The nutrition and blood parameter values of the NST group were better (P<0.05) than those of the RT group. The incidence of complications was lower in the NST group (P<0.05) than that in the RT group. In addition, all patients in the NST group achieved the treatment plan, whereas five of the patients in the RT group interrupted or delayed the plan (P<0.05). The average LOS decreased by 3.8 d (P<0.05), and the hospitalization costs were reduced to 6300 RMB person-times (P>0.05) for the patients of the NST group. Conclusion: NST could maintain the nutritional status and improve the treatment compliance and tolerance of EC patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy, thereby shortening the LOS time and reducing the costs.

The mechanism of substance addiction in the central nervous system is the key point to solve the problem of drug addiction in clinical prophylaxis and treatment, but it has been obscure so far. Previous researches in this field suggested that the higher brain function of the learning and memory might be pivotal in understanding the mechanism of substance addiction. It is the intent of this review to integrate and analyze the substance addiction and the learning and memory in an attempt to shed light on the strategies to conduct further studies in this field.

Objective To investigate the relationship between electrophysiological and morphological properties of neurons in visual cortex of developing rat, speculate the coincided degree between electrophysiological and morphological change and realize the mechanism of normal visual development. Methods Whole cell patch-clamp recording and intracellular staining were used to acquire cellular microelectrode recording in visual cortex from Sprague-Dawley rats (4~28 days old). The histological process was made. Results The differences of electrical feature between pyramidal cells and non-pyramidal cells were significant. The morphological maturity degree is different in developing visual cortex. Conclusion The different function of pyramidal and non- pyramidal cells in local integrition is reflected by their electrical feature in the process of visual development. In critical period of visual development, the coincision degree of the electrophysiological and morphological change in visual cortex is larger than that in the subcortex constructure.