Gastric cancer is a common malignant tumor, ranking fifth in incidence and mortality among all malignancies globally. The lack of early symptoms or the non-specific nature of symptoms means that most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. The unique high heterogeneity of gastric cancer largely limits the effectiveness of traditional therapies, resulting in poor prognosis for patients. In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a new treatment option for advanced gastric cancer. The immunotherapy era has driven gastric cancer treatment towards more personalized and precise directions. There have been many new research advances in the fields of immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, and cancer vaccines. However, there are also many challenges and difficulties. It is hoped that this review will provide ideas and suggestions for the in-depth exploration of immunotherapy for gastric cancer.

Objective:To investigate the impact of neoadjuvant immunotherapy on intra-treatment complications, postoperative complications,and short-term efficacy in patients with advanced gastric cancer.Methods:This is a retrospective cohort study. Clinical and pathological data were collected from 103 patients with advanced gastric cancer who underwent neoadjuvant therapy and subsequent surgical treatment at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,between January 2021 and December 2024. Among the patients,70 were male and 33 were female;the age was (58±10)years(range: 29 to 79 years). Patients were divided into two groups based on the neoadjuvant treatment regimen: the chemotherapy-alone group (56 patients) and the immunotherapy plus chemotherapy group(47 patients). There was no statistical significance in the differences of age, gender distribution, tumor location and abdominal surgery history between the two groups (all P>0.05). Comparisons between the two groups were performed using Welch′s t-test, χ 2 test or Fisher′s exact probability test,respectively. Results:No statistically significant differences were observed in the incidence of adverse events during neoadjuvant therapy between the two groups (44.7%(21/47) vs. 60.7% (34/56), P>0.05). There were also no statistically significant differences in R0 resection rates (97.9%(46/47) vs. 91.1%(51/56)) and hospitalization costs for surgery((91 759±24 572) yuan vs. (96 873±17 367) yuan) between the two groups (both P>0.05). Additionally,the overall postoperative complication rates between the two groups were not significantly different (29.8%(14/47) vs. 26.8%(15/56) , χ2=0.114， P>0.05).In terms of short-term efficacy,the proportion of responders(tumor regression grade 0 and 1) was significantly higher in the immunotherapy plus chemotherapy group compared to the chemotherapy-alone group (36.2%(17/47) vs. 14.3%(8/56), χ 2=6.658, P=0.010). Conclusions:Neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy does not increase the incidence of adverse events,surgical resection difficulty,or postoperative complications compared to chemotherapy alone. In terms of short-term efficacy,the addition of immunotherapy shows better performance in tumor regression grade compared to chemotherapy alone.

The long service life and high reliability of SiC sliding bearings are crucial for the long-term normal operation of aerospace power equipment.In response to the fracture phenomenon observed in the sliding bearing assembly of a certain delivery pump during operation,this paper analyzes the issue from the perspectives of stress characteristics and thermal expansion effects,proposing a structural optimization design method based on temperature coefficient compensation.The research indicates that the primary cause of bearing fracture is the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the bearing and the metal rotor under elevated temperatures,leading to axial loosening of the bearing.Additionally,the gap between the bearing and the pin,combined with unstable lubrication of the friction pair,exacerbates bearing stalling and pin impact,ultimately causing cracks and localized chipping.By optimizing the bearing structure and employing a rubber pad for torque transmission,this issue has been successfully resolved.The improved structure demonstrated high reliability and stability in bench tests,providing important theoretical and technical references for the design of bearings under similar extreme operating conditions.

Objective To investigate the value of amide proton transfer(APT)imaging in evaluating lymph-vascular space inva-sion(LVSI)of cervical cancer.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of cervical cancer patients with patho-logically confirmed LVSI status.Based on the presence of LVSI,the patients were divided into LVSI positive group and LVSI nega-tive group.All patients underwent diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)and APT imaging before treatment,and the apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)and APT values of the lesions were measured.An independent sample t-test was used to compare the differences in ADC and APT values between the two groups.The sensitivity,specificity and area under the curve(AUC)of ADC,APT and ADC+APT in predicting LVSI were observed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,and the diagnostic performance of the three was compared by DeLong test.Results A total of 78 patients were included,of which 54 were LVSI negative and 24 were LVSI positive.The ADC values in the LVSI positive group were significantly lower than those in the LVSI negative group(P＜0.001),while the APT values in the LVSI positive group were significantly higher than those in the LVSI negative group(P＜0.001).The sensitivities of ADC,APT and ADC+APT in predicting LVSI were 79.17％,83.33％ and 87.50％,respectively,the specificities were 75.93％,55.56％ and 77.78％,respectively,and the AUC were 0.828,0.759 and 0.868,respectively,indicating that the diag-nostic performance of ADC+APT was better than that of ADC and APT alone(P＜0.001).Conclusion APT imaging can preop-eratively predict the presence of LVSI status in cervical cancer.When combined with ADC,its diagnostic accuracy is higher than that of APT alone,providing a new approach for evaluating LVSI in cervical cancer.

Objective To investigate the value of amide proton transfer(APT)imaging in evaluating lymph-vascular space inva-sion(LVSI)of cervical cancer.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of cervical cancer patients with patho-logically confirmed LVSI status.Based on the presence of LVSI,the patients were divided into LVSI positive group and LVSI nega-tive group.All patients underwent diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)and APT imaging before treatment,and the apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)and APT values of the lesions were measured.An independent sample t-test was used to compare the differences in ADC and APT values between the two groups.The sensitivity,specificity and area under the curve(AUC)of ADC,APT and ADC+APT in predicting LVSI were observed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,and the diagnostic performance of the three was compared by DeLong test.Results A total of 78 patients were included,of which 54 were LVSI negative and 24 were LVSI positive.The ADC values in the LVSI positive group were significantly lower than those in the LVSI negative group(P＜0.001),while the APT values in the LVSI positive group were significantly higher than those in the LVSI negative group(P＜0.001).The sensitivities of ADC,APT and ADC+APT in predicting LVSI were 79.17％,83.33％ and 87.50％,respectively,the specificities were 75.93％,55.56％ and 77.78％,respectively,and the AUC were 0.828,0.759 and 0.868,respectively,indicating that the diag-nostic performance of ADC+APT was better than that of ADC and APT alone(P＜0.001).Conclusion APT imaging can preop-eratively predict the presence of LVSI status in cervical cancer.When combined with ADC,its diagnostic accuracy is higher than that of APT alone,providing a new approach for evaluating LVSI in cervical cancer.

Objective:To investigate the association between peripheral immune function status and lung cancer metastasis,and to identify peripheral blood immune biomarkers for'Deficiency of Vital Qi'assessment in lung cancer metastasis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on peripheral blood immune markers collected before treatment from lung cancer patients admitted into Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,between March 2023 and April 2025.Patients were categorized into the non-metastatic and the metastatic groups based on the presence of distant metastasis,and the differences in the expressions of immune cells and cytokines between groups were compared.Peripheral blood immune markers with P<0.05 in univariate analysis were incorporated into a multivariate binary logistic regression model to identify independent predictors of lung cancer metastasis.Results:A total of 193 lung cancer patients were included(101 in the non-metastatic group and 92 in the metastatic group).There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender,age,smoking history,drinking history,or pathological type(all P>0.05).Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in multiple immune markers between the non-metastatic and metastatic groups(all P<0.05),including:lymphocyte count,CD3+,CD4+,and CD8+T,CD19+B cells,absolute counts of CD3-CD16+CD56+NK cells,percentages of Treg cells,CD8+CD28+Treg cells,G-MDSC,and CD3-CD16+CD56+dim NK cells,and levels of cytokine IL-1β,IL-6,and IL-10.Binary logistic regression analysis of differential indicators suggested that the percentage of Treg cells and CD8+CD28+Treg cells in peripheral blood were independent predictors of distant metastasis in lung cancer(OR=1.193,95%CI[1.047,1.36],P<0.01;OR=0.978,95%CI[0.957,0.999],P<0.05).Conclusion:Peripheral blood immune dysfunction is the biological basis for'qi deficiency'in lung cancer metastasis.This study quantitatively demonstrates the correlation between peripheral immune function status and lung cancer metastasis,providing empirical evidence for the theories of'qi deficiency and hidden toxicity'and'metastatic state of tumors'.

Gastric cancer is a common malignant tumor, ranking fifth in incidence and mortality among all malignancies globally. The lack of early symptoms or the non-specific nature of symptoms means that most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. The unique high heterogeneity of gastric cancer largely limits the effectiveness of traditional therapies, resulting in poor prognosis for patients. In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a new treatment option for advanced gastric cancer. The immunotherapy era has driven gastric cancer treatment towards more personalized and precise directions. There have been many new research advances in the fields of immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, and cancer vaccines. However, there are also many challenges and difficulties. It is hoped that this review will provide ideas and suggestions for the in-depth exploration of immunotherapy for gastric cancer.

Objective:To investigate the impact of neoadjuvant immunotherapy on intra-treatment complications, postoperative complications,and short-term efficacy in patients with advanced gastric cancer.Methods:This is a retrospective cohort study. Clinical and pathological data were collected from 103 patients with advanced gastric cancer who underwent neoadjuvant therapy and subsequent surgical treatment at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,between January 2021 and December 2024. Among the patients,70 were male and 33 were female;the age was (58±10)years(range: 29 to 79 years). Patients were divided into two groups based on the neoadjuvant treatment regimen: the chemotherapy-alone group (56 patients) and the immunotherapy plus chemotherapy group(47 patients). There was no statistical significance in the differences of age, gender distribution, tumor location and abdominal surgery history between the two groups (all P>0.05). Comparisons between the two groups were performed using Welch′s t-test, χ 2 test or Fisher′s exact probability test,respectively. Results:No statistically significant differences were observed in the incidence of adverse events during neoadjuvant therapy between the two groups (44.7%(21/47) vs. 60.7% (34/56), P>0.05). There were also no statistically significant differences in R0 resection rates (97.9%(46/47) vs. 91.1%(51/56)) and hospitalization costs for surgery((91 759±24 572) yuan vs. (96 873±17 367) yuan) between the two groups (both P>0.05). Additionally,the overall postoperative complication rates between the two groups were not significantly different (29.8%(14/47) vs. 26.8%(15/56) , χ2=0.114， P>0.05).In terms of short-term efficacy,the proportion of responders(tumor regression grade 0 and 1) was significantly higher in the immunotherapy plus chemotherapy group compared to the chemotherapy-alone group (36.2%(17/47) vs. 14.3%(8/56), χ 2=6.658, P=0.010). Conclusions:Neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy does not increase the incidence of adverse events,surgical resection difficulty,or postoperative complications compared to chemotherapy alone. In terms of short-term efficacy,the addition of immunotherapy shows better performance in tumor regression grade compared to chemotherapy alone.

Objective:To describe the long-term characteristics and trend changes in the incidence and mortality of female breast cancer in Shanghai from 1 973 to 2017,aiming to provide references for exploring the etiology of breast cancer and formulating strategies and measures for prevention,intervention and control. Methods:Joinpoint software was used to analyze the trend changes in the incidence and mortality of female breast cancer in Shanghai from 1 973 to 2017,and an age-period-cohort model was constructed to explore the effects of age,year of diagnosis,and birth cohort on long-term trend changes. Results:From 1 973 to 2017,there were 68 192 new cases of female breast cancer in Shanghai,with a diagnosed rate of 31.72/100 000.The incidence rate continued to rise,and the risk of the disease continued to rise from the age of 20 years,and the rise rate accelerated significantly after the age of 40 years.There were 21 535 female breast cancer deaths from 1 973 to 2017.The mortality rate was stable,with a death rate of 8.62/100 000,and the risk of death increased significantly from the age of 45 years.The effects of age,period and cohort had a significant impact on the incidence of breast cancer(P＜0.01),while the increase in mortality rate was related to age and cohort effects(P＜0.01). Conclusion:The incidence rate of female breast cancer in Shanghai is still rising rapidly,and the mortality trend is generally stable,suggesting that the treatment is effective and the quality of life is improved.However,breast cancer is still the main malignant tumor among females in Shanghai.It should be continued to implement prevention and control strategies such as lifestyle intervention and screening of high-risk individuals to further strengthen the prevention and control of breast cancer.

Objective:To describe the epidemiological features and temporal trends of colorectal cancer in urban Shanghai from 1973 to 2017. Methods:Data on colorectal cancer in urban Shanghai was obtained through Shanghai Cancer Registry and Vital Statistics System.Joinpoint analysis was used to describe the temporal trends and annual percent change(APC)and age-period-cohort analysis was used to estimate the association between age,period and birth cohort and colorectal cancer. Results:A total of 105 847 cases and 60 447 deaths of colorectal cancer were diagnosed in urban Shanghai over the 45-year study period.Both the number of new cases and the number of deaths showed an increasing trend.In the same period,the age-standardized incidence of colorectal cancer in urban areas of Shanghai increased significantly from 14.1/100 000 in 1973 to 27.7/100 000 in 2017,while the age-standardized mortality rate increased from 8.2/100 000 to 10.7/100 000.The overall average annual age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were 20.4/100 000 and 11.0/100 000,respectively.With the increase of age,the age-standardized morbidity and mortality of colorectal cancer showed an obvious upward trend.Taking 1993-1997 as reference,the risk of colorectal cancer in Shanghai reached the highest in 2013-2017,and the corresponding relative risk was 1.2(95％confidence interval:1.2-1.3),while the lowest was 0.9(95％confidence interval:0.8-1.0)during 1973-1977.Mortality risk,on the contrary,decreased with the increase of time.Before 1953-1957,the risk of colorectal cancer in urban Shanghai increased with the increase of birth cohort time,and then showed a downward trend.There was a corresponding decline in the risk of colorectal cancer death among people born after 1957. Conclusion:The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in Shanghai showed an increasing trend from 1973 to 2017,but the prevalence trend of colorectal cancer is still different among different populations.