Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of pedunculated rectus abdominis combined with bilateral ureteral extravestheter drainage in the treatment of refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula. Methods: The clinical data of 8 cases of the refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula were admitted to the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Henan Cancer Hospital and underwent the clinical treatment of bladder-vaginal stump from December 2019 to December 2022 were collected. The reason of refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula was analyzed, the operation manner of pedunculated rectus abdominis combined with peduncle and bilateral ureter for the treatment of bladder-vaginal stump through extrabladder drainage was explored. The operation time, bleeding volume and clinical effect were record. Results: The median operation time of 8 patients was 150 minutes(120~180 min), and the median blood loss was 400 ml(200~600 ml). During the perioperative period, there were 2 cases of incision infection, delayed healing by debridement and dressing, 2 cases of incision rupture and suture wound healing after reoperation, and 2 cases of urinary tract infection were cured by anti-infection. When followed up for 6 months, 8 cases of vesicovaginal stump fistula were cured. Conclusion: Bilateral ureteral external drainage of the rectus abdominis muscle, has a practical effect in the treatment of refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula, which can be one of the clinical repairing treatment.
Female ; Humans ; Urinary Bladder/surgery* ; Ureter/surgery* ; Rectus Abdominis ; Drainage ; Fistula

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of pedunculated rectus abdominis combined with bilateral ureteral extravestheter drainage in the treatment of refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula. Methods: The clinical data of 8 cases of the refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula were admitted to the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Henan Cancer Hospital and underwent the clinical treatment of bladder-vaginal stump from December 2019 to December 2022 were collected. The reason of refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula was analyzed, the operation manner of pedunculated rectus abdominis combined with peduncle and bilateral ureter for the treatment of bladder-vaginal stump through extrabladder drainage was explored. The operation time, bleeding volume and clinical effect were record. Results: The median operation time of 8 patients was 150 minutes(120~180 min), and the median blood loss was 400 ml(200~600 ml). During the perioperative period, there were 2 cases of incision infection, delayed healing by debridement and dressing, 2 cases of incision rupture and suture wound healing after reoperation, and 2 cases of urinary tract infection were cured by anti-infection. When followed up for 6 months, 8 cases of vesicovaginal stump fistula were cured. Conclusion: Bilateral ureteral external drainage of the rectus abdominis muscle, has a practical effect in the treatment of refractory bladder-vaginal stump fistula, which can be one of the clinical repairing treatment.
Female ; Humans ; Urinary Bladder/surgery* ; Ureter/surgery* ; Rectus Abdominis ; Drainage ; Fistula

The detection method of characteristic spectrum for reference samples was established by preparing 15 batches of the reference samples of Huagan Decoction, and the peak attribution and the similarity range in the characteristic spectrum were clarified. The ranges of paste-forming rate, content, and transfer rate of the index components including geniposide, paeonol, and paeoniflorin were analyzed. The key quality attribute of the reference samples of Huagan Decoction was defined. The results showed that the 15 batches of the reference samples of Huagan Decoction had good similarities in the characteristic spectrum, which were all higher than 0.9. According to the information of characteristic peak, there were 18 characteristic peaks in the whole prescription, including seven common characteristic peaks from green tangerine peel and dried tangerine peel, four characteristic peaks from tree peony root bark(three of them were common characteristic peaks from tree peony root bark and red peony root), five characteristic peaks from cape jasmine fruit, one characteristic peak from paniculate bolbostemma, and one characteristic peak from oriental waterplantain rhizome.The paste-forming rate of the 15 batches of reference samples was 14.73%-18.83%. The content of geniposide was 1.68%-2.87%, with the average transfer rate of 70.05%±11.13%. The content of paeonol was 0.10%-0.16%, with the average transfer rate of 9.38%±1.78%. The content of paeoniflorin was 1.94%-2.74%, with the average transfer rate of 36.69%±4.63%. This study analyzed the quality value transfer of the reference samples of Huagan Decoction by the evaluation mode of combining the characteristic spectrum, the paste-forming rate, and the content of index components. The findings of this study initially established a stable and feasible standard decoction evaluation method and provided references for the quality control and the subsequent development of relevant preparations of Huagan Decoction.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Paeonia ; Prescriptions ; Quality Control

Objective: To determine IgG antibody levels of measles, rubella, mumps in healthy population in Shanghai from 2010 to 2020 and analyze the trend of antibody changes in different age groups. Methods: 10 828 healthy people without measles, rubella and mumps in Shanghai were included in the study from 2010 to 2020. Serum samples were collected from 12 age groups, and the serum IgG antibody of measles, rubella and mumps were detected by ELISA. The difference of antibody positive rates and antibody levels were analyzed. Results: The median age M (Q₁, Q₃) of 10 828 objects were 8 years old (9 months old, 20 years old). Males accounted for 48.34% (5 234/10 828) and females accounted for 50.92% (5 514/10 828). Unknown gender information accounted for 0.74% (80/10 828), and 27.03% (2 927/10 828) of participants had unknown MMR immunization history. The total positive rates of measles, rubella and mumps IgG antibody were 76.78%, 64.46% and 64.29% and their GMCs were 541.45 mIU/ml, 31.76 IU/ml and 133.73 U/ml respectively. There were significant differences in serum IgG antibody GMC of measles, rubella and mumps in each year (F_measles=180.74, P<0.001; F_rubella=189.95, P<0.001; F_mumps=122.40, P<0.001). The positive rate of measles antibody was higher than that of rubella and mumps, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=518.09, P<0.001). Conclusion: The level of measles IgG antibody in healthy people in Shanghai is higher, while the level of rubella and mumps IgG antibody is slightly lower.
Adult ; Antibodies, Viral ; Child ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Infant ; Male ; Measles/prevention & control* ; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine ; Mumps/prevention & control* ; Mumps virus ; Rubella/prevention & control* ; Young Adult

Objective: To verify the health advisory for short-term exposure to phenol. Methods: The method of this validation experiment was the same as the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) methodology for toxicology experiments used to determine phenol drinking water equivalent level (DWEL). Pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered phenol in distilled water by gavage at daily doses of 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) from implantation (the 6th day post-mating) to the day prior to the scheduled caesarean section (the 20th day of pregnancy). The following information was recorded: general behavior; body weight; number of corpus luteum, live birth, fetus, stillbirth, and implantation; fetal gender; body weight; body length; tail length; and abnormalities and pathomorphological changes in the dams. Results: In the 60 mg/kg b.w. dose group, the mortality of pregnant rats increased with increasing doses, suggesting maternal toxicity. Fetal and placental weights decreased as phenol dose increased from 30 mg/kg b.w., and were significantly different compared those in the vehicle control group, which suggested developmental toxicity in the fetuses. However, the phenol-exposed groups showed no significant change in other parameters compared with the vehicle control group ( > 0.05). Conclusion Despite using the same method as the US EPA, a different NOEAL of 15 mg/(kg·d) was obtained in this study.
Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Environmental Pollutants ; toxicity ; Female ; Fetal Development ; drug effects ; Phenol ; toxicity ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Toxicity Tests, Acute

The last review on epilepsy in Southeast Asian (SEA) countries was reported in 1997. This review aimed to update the understanding of epilepsy management in this region over the past 23 years. There has been significant increase in the epidemiological studies which reported a prevalence of 4.3-7.7 per 1,000 populations in this region. Reversible aetiologies of epilepsy such as head injury, birth trauma, cerebrovascular disease, and intracranial infections (neurocysticercosis or meningoencephalitis) are still prevalent, with a surge in autoimmune encephalitis. There was a surge in genetic studies which suggest ethnic variation. Treatment gap is still high especially in the rural and less developed areas, and the availability and affordability of newer anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) is still a major challenge in SEA. Alternative medicine is a common practice but varies among different ethnic groups. AEDs hypersensitivity especially on the association between HLA-B*1502 and carbamazepine-related severe cutaneous reaction had been extensively studied and proven in nearly all SEA countries. However, HLA-B*1502 screening is not widely available in SEA and the cost-effectiveness of the screening is questionable. Stigma and its psychosocial consequences are still a major concern despite enormous efforts to study the public attitudes towards epilepsy and change of epilepsy naming in a few countries. The number and complexity of epilepsy surgery are progressing, but it is still under-utilized in many SEA countries, related to cost, cultural perception and lack of facilities. More resources should also be channelled in training adequate number of epileptologists who can spearhead epilepsy care around the region, as well as public education and research in epilepsy. In conclusion, there is an increase in epilepsy research in this region, gradual increase in trained neurologists and facilities, and efforts to reduce the knowledge and treatment gap, but the epilepsy management gap is still a battle to fight.

Primary age-related tauopathy (PART) is characterized by the presence of tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) which are typically observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains, with few or without β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques. The diagnosis of PART can be categorized into "definite" or "possible" depending on the amount of Aβ plaques. Definite PART is diagnosed when NFTs are observed and the Braak stage is ≤IV, with Thal Aβ Phase 0 (Crary et al., 2014). According to the neuropathological diagnostic criteria, we reported that PART was frequently observed in the Chinese population according to our findings from specimens in our brain bank, with 47% of brain bank subjects meeting the criteria for PART. There is no consensus on the nature of PART. It remains to be elucidated whether PART is an early form of AD or a novel tauopathy (Duyckaerts et al., 2015; Jellinger et al., 2015).
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/pathology* ; Alzheimer Disease/pathology* ; Brain/pathology* ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurofibrillary Tangles/pathology* ; Tauopathies/pathology*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential efficacy of panaxadiol saponins component (PDS-C) in the treatment of aplastic anemia (AA) model mice. METHODS: Totally 70 mice were divided into 7 groups as follows: normal, model, low-, medium-, high-dose PDS-C (20, 40, 80 mg/kg, namely L-, M-, H-PDS-C), cyclosporine (40 mg/kg), and andriol (25 mg/kg) groups, respectively. An immune-mediated AA mouse model was established in BALB/c mice by exposing to 5.0 Gy total body irradiation at 1.0 Gy/min, and injecting with lymphocytes from DBA mice. On day 4 after establishment of AA model, all drugs were intragastrically administered daily for 15 days, respectively, while the mice in the normal and model groups were administered with saline solution. After treatment, the peripheral blood counts, bone marrow pathological examination, colony forming assay of bone marrow culture, T lymphocyte subpopulation analysis, as well as T-bet, GATA-3 and FoxP3 proteins were detected by flow cytometry and Western blot. RESULTS: The peripheral blood of white blood cell (WBC), platelet, neutrophil counts and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration were significantly decreased in the model group compared with the normal group (all P<0.01). In response to 3 dose PDS-C treatment, the WBC, platelet, neutrophil counts were significantly increased at a dose-dependent manner compared with the model group (all P<0.01). The myelosuppression status of AA was significantly reduced in M-, H-PDS-C groups, and hematopoietic cell quantity of bone marrow was more abundant than the model group. The colony numbers of myeloid, erythroid and megakaryocytic progenitor cells in the model group were less than those of the normal mice in bone marrow culture, while, PDS-C therapy enhanced proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells by significantly increasing colony numbers (all P<0.01). Furthermore, PDS-C therapy increased peripheral blood CD3 and CD3CD4 cells and reduced CD3CD8 cells (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Meanwhile, PDS-C treatment at medium- and high doses groups also increased CD4CD25FoxP3 cells, downregulated T-bet protein expression, and upregulated GATA-3 and FoxP3 protein expressions in spleen cells (P<0.05). CONCLUSION PDS-C possesses dual activities, promoting proliferation hematopoietic progenitor cells and modulating T lymphocyte immune functions in the treatment of AA model mice.

Objective To investigate the relationship between interleukin 10 (IL-10) -592 (rs1800872) and -819 (rs1800871) promoter genetic polymorphisms and the susceptibility of antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ADLI). Methods A case-control study was conducted. Epidemiology survey data and peripheral blood samples were obtained from the patients. Two IL-10 gene polymorphisms (-592 A/C and 819 C/T) were genotyped with PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) in Chinese Han ADLI subjects (n=180) and sex matched by frequency matching in control subjects (n=180). Results No significant differences in genotypes of IL-10 -592 site and IL-10 -819 site between ADLI group and that of the control group were noticed (all P>0.05). The mutant alleles -592 C of IL-10 gene polymorphism was significantly higher in ADLI subjects compared to controls, and in dominant model, the frequency of CC+AC genotype was 1.62 higher among the cases than controls (all P<0.05). Significant difference in allele -819 C/T between the ADLI group and the control group were not found (P=0.190). The polymorphisms at -819 C/T and -592 A/C variants of IL-10 gene were found to be good linkage disequilibrium. The CC haplotype represent genetic risk factor (OR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.02-1.85) and CA haplotype represent genetic protect factor (OR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.34-0.70) for ADLI in the subjects. Conclusions The polymorphisms in IL-10 gene -592 A/C and -819 C/T are associated with ADLI.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the characteristics of medical malpractices in orthopaedic surgeries, to explore principles and methods in medical legal identification, and to provide basic data for uniform medicolegal standard for the future medical identification. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 100 cases of medical malpractices in orthopaedic surgery, among the 364 cases archived in Medicolegal Expertise Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University during 2002-2015. RESULTS: In the 100 cases of orthopedic medical malpractices, with 104 hospitals involved in, 95 cases were judged with medical errors and the other 9 cases with no error. The top 3 reasons for errors were （1） inadequate observation or estimation of diseases （27.9%）, （2） intraoperative improper operation （17.3%）, and （3） delayed or missed diagnosis and treatment （12.5%）. The consequences of medical malpractices were mostly disability （61%）, followed by prolonged diseases （31%） and death （8%）. With regard to the causal relationship between medical errors and consequences, 95 cases （91.4%） were with causality and the other 9 cases （8.6%） with no causality. Specifically, 56 cases （53.9%） were with medical errors as the secondary causes accounting for 25% causative potency, and 20 cases （19.2%） were with medical errors as the major causes accounting for 75% causative potency. CONCLUSIONS It is pivotally important for determining the causative potency of medical errors to analyse the causes of damages in orthopaedic surgery and to distinguish subjective factors from objective ones of medical errors.
Humans ; Malpractice ; Medical Errors ; Orthopedic Procedures/standards* ; Orthopedics ; Retrospective Studies