Objective To explore the effect of dexmedetomidine on the proliferation,invasion and cell cycle of gallbladder cancer cells by regulating the C-C chemokine ligand 2(CCL2)-C-C chemokine receptor 2(CCR2)pathway.Methods GBC-SD cells were devided into the control group,the low concentration dexmedetomidine group(2 μmol/L),the high concentration dexmedetomidine group(4 μmol/L)and the high concentration dexmedetomidine+CCL2 group(4 μmol/L dexmedetomidine and 10 μg/L CCL2 protein).The clone formation experiment and Edu experiment were performed to measure cell proliferation.Transwell experiment was performed to measure cell invasion and migration.Flow cytometry was performed to measure cell cycle and apoptosis.Western blot assay was used to measure the proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),Cyclin D1,matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2,MMP-9,Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax),cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific protease-3(Caspase-3),CCL2 and CCR2 proteins.The nude mouse transplant tumor experiment was used to determine the growth of gallbladder cancer transplant tumors.Results After treatment with low and high concentrations of dexmedetomidine,the number of cell clone formed,the positive rate of Edu,the numbers of invasions and migrations,the expression levels of PCNA,CyclinD1,MMP-2,MMP-9,CCL2 and CCR2 proteins,the proportions of G2/M and S phase cells decreased,the proportion of G0/G1 phase cells,apoptosis rate and expression levels of Bax and Caspase-3 proteins increased,and the effect of high-concentration dexmedetomidine was more significant(P＜0.05).The inhibitory effects of dexmedetomidine on the proliferation,invasion,migration and cell cycle of gallbladder cancer cells,as well as its promoting effect on cell apoptosis could be reversed by CCL2 protein(P＜0.05).In vivo experiments showed that dexmedetomidine could reduce tumor mass,tumor volume of nude mice and expression levels of CCL2 and CCR2 proteins(P＜0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine inhibits the proliferation and invasion of gallbladder cancer cells,and blocks the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase by suppressing the CCL2-CCR2 pathway.

Objective To explore the effect of dexmedetomidine on the proliferation,invasion and cell cycle of gallbladder cancer cells by regulating the C-C chemokine ligand 2(CCL2)-C-C chemokine receptor 2(CCR2)pathway.Methods GBC-SD cells were devided into the control group,the low concentration dexmedetomidine group(2 μmol/L),the high concentration dexmedetomidine group(4 μmol/L)and the high concentration dexmedetomidine+CCL2 group(4 μmol/L dexmedetomidine and 10 μg/L CCL2 protein).The clone formation experiment and Edu experiment were performed to measure cell proliferation.Transwell experiment was performed to measure cell invasion and migration.Flow cytometry was performed to measure cell cycle and apoptosis.Western blot assay was used to measure the proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),Cyclin D1,matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2,MMP-9,Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax),cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific protease-3(Caspase-3),CCL2 and CCR2 proteins.The nude mouse transplant tumor experiment was used to determine the growth of gallbladder cancer transplant tumors.Results After treatment with low and high concentrations of dexmedetomidine,the number of cell clone formed,the positive rate of Edu,the numbers of invasions and migrations,the expression levels of PCNA,CyclinD1,MMP-2,MMP-9,CCL2 and CCR2 proteins,the proportions of G2/M and S phase cells decreased,the proportion of G0/G1 phase cells,apoptosis rate and expression levels of Bax and Caspase-3 proteins increased,and the effect of high-concentration dexmedetomidine was more significant(P＜0.05).The inhibitory effects of dexmedetomidine on the proliferation,invasion,migration and cell cycle of gallbladder cancer cells,as well as its promoting effect on cell apoptosis could be reversed by CCL2 protein(P＜0.05).In vivo experiments showed that dexmedetomidine could reduce tumor mass,tumor volume of nude mice and expression levels of CCL2 and CCR2 proteins(P＜0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine inhibits the proliferation and invasion of gallbladder cancer cells,and blocks the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase by suppressing the CCL2-CCR2 pathway.

Objective To investigate the effects of Shengjiyuhong ointment on coagulation system,endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs)differentiation and Rho kinase activity in rats with thromboangiitis obliterans by inhibiting autophagy.Methods The rat model of thromboangiitis obliterans was established by injecting sodium laurate solution into the left lower limb artery.40 SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,compound sodium aescinate gel group and Shengjiyuhong ointment group,10 per group.The pathological morphology of vascular tissue was detected by HE staining.The expression of autophagy related proteins was detected by Western blot,coagulation system parameters were detected by coagulation detector,EPCs differentiation was detected by flow cytometry,and Rho kinase activity was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results The expression of autophagy marker protein LC3Ⅱ/I,Beclin1,Rho kinase protein,the positive expression rate of CD34 in fibrinogen and EPCs of Shengjiyuhong ointment group were decreased,and the positive expression rate of serum prothrombin time,international normalized ratio,von Willebrand factor in EPCs and the expression of P62 in vascular tissue were increased(P＜0.05).The in vitro experiment showed that Shengjiyuhong ointment could reduce the expression of LC3Ⅱ/I and Beclin1,and increase the expression of P62 protein in injured endothelial cells(P＜0.05).Conclusion Shengjiyuhong ointment can effectively improve the coagulation function,promote the differentiation of EPCs and reduce the activity of Rho kinase in rats with thromboangIItis obliterans.The mechanism may be related to inhibition of autophagy.

Objective To investigate the effect of sufentanil(ST)on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury(ALI)in rats by regulating the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase(cGAS)/stimulator of interferon gene(STING)signaling pathway.Methods Male SD rats were induced by lipopolysaccharide to construct an ALI model.The successfully modeled rats were randomly separated into ALI group,L-ST group,H-ST group,and H-ST+DMXAA group,with 6 rats in each group.Among them,the L-ST group and H-ST group were intraperitoneally injected with 2.5 μg/ml and 5 μg/ml ST after successful modeling immediately.The H-ST+DMXAA group was given 25 mg/kg DMXAA by gavage on the basis of intraperitoneal injection of 5 μg/ml ST.Six healthy and normal temperature rats were randomly selected as the control group,and an equal amount of physiological saline was injected intraperitoneally.The reagent kit was used to detect the SOD enzyme activity and MDA content in serum;ELISA was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors such as interleukin-10(IL-10),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF);cell staining was used to detect the total number of cells and neutrophils in BALF;the wet to dry mass ratio of lung tissue was calculated;HE staining was used to observe pathological changes in lung tissue,while Western blot was applied to detect the expression of cGAS and STING proteins in lung tissue.Results After L-ST and H-ST treatment,the SOD enzyme activity and IL-10 level increased sequentially,the MDA,TNF-α,IL-6,W/D value,total number of cells and neutrophils,cGAS,and STING protein expression decreased sequentially(P<0.05),while lung tissue injury was effectively alleviated.DMXAA reversed the influence of H-ST on the above indexes(P<0.05).Conclusion ST may inhibit the cGAS-STING pathway,reduce inflammation and oxidative stress responses,and thereby alleviates lipopolysaccharide induced ALI in rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of sufentanil(ST)on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury(ALI)in rats by regulating the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase(cGAS)/stimulator of interferon gene(STING)signaling pathway.Methods Male SD rats were induced by lipopolysaccharide to construct an ALI model.The successfully modeled rats were randomly separated into ALI group,L-ST group,H-ST group,and H-ST+DMXAA group,with 6 rats in each group.Among them,the L-ST group and H-ST group were intraperitoneally injected with 2.5 μg/ml and 5 μg/ml ST after successful modeling immediately.The H-ST+DMXAA group was given 25 mg/kg DMXAA by gavage on the basis of intraperitoneal injection of 5 μg/ml ST.Six healthy and normal temperature rats were randomly selected as the control group,and an equal amount of physiological saline was injected intraperitoneally.The reagent kit was used to detect the SOD enzyme activity and MDA content in serum;ELISA was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors such as interleukin-10(IL-10),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF);cell staining was used to detect the total number of cells and neutrophils in BALF;the wet to dry mass ratio of lung tissue was calculated;HE staining was used to observe pathological changes in lung tissue,while Western blot was applied to detect the expression of cGAS and STING proteins in lung tissue.Results After L-ST and H-ST treatment,the SOD enzyme activity and IL-10 level increased sequentially,the MDA,TNF-α,IL-6,W/D value,total number of cells and neutrophils,cGAS,and STING protein expression decreased sequentially(P<0.05),while lung tissue injury was effectively alleviated.DMXAA reversed the influence of H-ST on the above indexes(P<0.05).Conclusion ST may inhibit the cGAS-STING pathway,reduce inflammation and oxidative stress responses,and thereby alleviates lipopolysaccharide induced ALI in rats.

Objective: To examine the association between the visceral adiposity index (VAI) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the pediatric population in order to improve risk stratification and prevention systems for chronic liver disease. Methods: A total of 510 overweight/obese children aged 6-8 years old were enrolled from the child cohort which was designed to study puberty, obesity, and cardiovascular risk (PROC), and complete data from liver ultrasounds and the VAI were obtained. Used Spearman s rank correlation coefficient, Chi-square tests, and Logistic regression analyses to explore the association between the VAI and NAFLD. Results: The detection rates of NAFLD for boys and girls were 25.9% and 11.1%, respectively. VAI for normal group and the NAFLD group were 0.43(0.31, 0.61) and 0.61(0.44, 0.87) in boys, and 0.74(0.56, 1.07) and 1.08(0.67, 1.51) in girls, respectively. Spearman s correlation coefficient analysis showed that triglycerides(TG), VAI, and the third quintile VAI group were positively correlated with NAFLD in both boys and girls(r=0.19,0.26,0.29;0.16,0.16,1.18,P<0.05), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was negatively correlated with NAFLD in boys (r=-0.21, P<0.05). With advancing tertiles of VAI, the increasing trend in the NAFLD detection rate was statistically significant in boys and girls(Chi-square for trend were 21.77,7.66, P<0.01). The results of univariate and multivariable Logistic regression showed that, by taking the first tertile of VAI as a reference, the risk of NAFLD among boys was higher in the second tertile (cOR=2.59, 95%CI=1.15-5.86; aOR=2.33, 95%CI=1.01-5.36) and in the third tertile(cOR=5.73, 95%CI=2.62-12.53; aOR=4.87, 95%CI=2.15-11.03), where as the risk among girls was higher in the third tertile(cOR=4.43, 95%CI=1.40-14.00). Conclusion VAI is positively correlated with pediatric NAFLD. Higher tertiles of VAI were associated with an increased risk of NAFLD in overweight and obese children, which indicates that VAI can be used as an early predictor of NAFLD.

Objective: To understand the current situation and associated factors of unintentional injury among preschool children in Shunyi District, and to provide reference for the development of unintentional injury intervention measures. Methods: Three kindergartens in Shunyi district were selected through stratified cluster sampling method, and all the parents were surveyed online by self-designed questionnaire. Results: The proportion of low, medium and high risk assessment of unintentional injury in preschool children were 59.5%, 37.5% and 3.0%, respectively. Risk of unintentional injury increased significantly with age and grade(χ 2=12.35, 12.70, P<0.05). The risk of unintentional injury in inter-generational care (3.7%) was higher than that in parental care(2.4%). The higher the education level of the primary caretaker and family income, the higher level of unintentional injury risk(χ 2=11.23, 14.10, P<0.05).There were significant differences in the risk for burning, poisoning, other accidental injury, prevention of accidental injury and total score of unintentional injury among children of different ages and classes(F=8.26，5.61，4.95，6.15，7.86；9.88，8.39，4.25，6.27，7.55，P<0.05). There was statistical significance in burning risk between boys and girls(t=-4.27, P<0.05). There was statistical significance in unintentional injury prevention between children of different residence(t=9.11, P<0.05). There were significant differences in behavior supervision among risk among children of different ages and grades(P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that education level of primary caregivers (college:B=-2.66, 95%CI=-4.69--0.63; bachelor degree or higher:B=-3.80, 95%CI=-5.90--1.70), annual family income (B=-2.82, 95%CI=-4.80--0.84) were associated with unintentional injury risk of preschool children(P<0.05). Conclusion Health education of unintentional injury prevention among preschool children should focus on the primary caretaker with low education and low family income, which is crucial for prevention of children s injury.

Objective: To understand the epidemic trend of tobacco use among junior middle school students in Shunyi District of Beijing in recent 5 years, and to provide scientific basis for formulating adolescent tobacco control strategies and intervention measures. Methods: The two stage sampling method was used to survey 3 junior middle school schools randomly selected from Shunyi District, Beijing, in November 2013, December 2015 and November 2017. The number of students surveyed each year was 1 520, 1 404 and 1 467 respectively. Results: A total of 4 500 questionnaires were distributed and 4 391 questionnaires were valid, with an effective rate of 97.6%. The current smoking rate and the attempting smoking rate in Shunyi District junior high school students increased substantially, the difference was statistically significant(χ2=9.15, 11.54, P<0.01). The exposure rate of second-hand smoke among junior high school students in Shunyi District is increasing year by year. The current smoking rate and the attempting smoking rate of second-hand smoke at home and in public places were higher than those of non-exposed ones. The differences in the current smoking rates of junior high school students (χ2=25.86, 37.61, P<0.01) and the attempting smoking rate (χ2=49.51, 63-86, P<0.01) were statistically significant. The influence of Shunyi District junior high school students through different tobacco information access channels on the current smoking rate of junior high school students increased year by year. Different tobacco information access channels have significant difference in the influence of the junior middle school students’ attempting smoking rate(P<0.05). Conclusion The overall tobacco use of junior high school students in Shunyi District of Beijing is increasing by year. The exposure of second-hand smoke is not optimistic, and the supervision of tobacco information acquisition channels is urgent to be strengthened.

Objective To study the determinants of exercise behavior among the overweight and obese residents, so as to provide reference for policy-making and health promotion in the future. Methods The study only enrolled overweight and obese residents to conduct a questionnaire survey and physical examination including height, weight and waist circumference. The self-designed questionnaire based on Health Belief Model had acceptable validity and reliability. Structural Equation Modeling was used to analyze the determinants of exercise behavior after univariate analysis and correlation analysis. Result Totally 2 489 overweight and obese residents(1 182 male and 1 307 female)were included in this study. Their average age was 45.3±14.2 years and their median amount of exercise was 4 thousand-step equivalent with quartile of (0.5, 10.0); 22.9% of these residents never took any exercise. Males with high school and equivalent level of education and an income of 5 000 to 10 000 yuan, took more exercise than other demographic groups. Amount of exercise had a positive correlation with perceived benefits of exercise, perceived severity of disadvantage of low exercise and self-efficacy, while it had a negative correlation with subjective barriers and objective barriers. Structural Equation Modeling showed that perceived subjective barriers, objective barriers and self-efficacy were determinants of exercise behavior. Their total standardized effects on exercise behavior were-0.085 (P=0.020),-0.242 (P<0.001) and 0.184 (P<0.001) respectively.Those with higher self-efficacy and less barriers preferred to do more exercise. Indirect effect widely existed in the SEM and self-efficacy were the most important mediating variables of all the other significant determinants. Conclusion The overweight and obese residents are seriously lack of exercise, which need some targeted intervention, especially by improving their self-efficacy and reducing their objective barriers.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies of our research group have confirmed that the texture of porcine reticular dermis at lateral ventral part is softer and has more extensibility than other parts. Therefore, it may serve as the raw material of xenogenic aceluar dermal matrix. However, its comparison with human and rat reticular dermis has not been reported systematicaly in aspects of histomorphology and material characterization. OBJECTIVE:To compare the reticular dermis from the lateral region of porcine abdomen and rat dorsal part with the reticular dermis from human in histology, biomechanics, molecular structure, thermal stability and other properties. METHODS:The reticular dermis samples were taken from adult human, the lateral region of porcine abdomen, the back of rats, for gross observation. Paraffin sections were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and sirius red staining under a light microscopy. The relevant data of micrograph were measured by imagine analysis software. These samples were also vacuum-freezing dried and rehydrated, and then their mechanical properties were tested with a electronic tensile machine to calculate the Young’s modulus. Some vacuum-freezing dried samples were powdered and detected by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and simultaneous thermal analyzer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were no differences in colagen fiber bundle diameter of the reticular dermis from adult human and the lateral region of porcine abdomen, but the reticular dermis from the back of rats was thinner than that from adult human (P < 0.01). The gap between the reticular layer of the dermis of the lateral region of porcine abdomen was lower than that from adult human (P < 0.0.1); however, there was no difference in the gap between the reticular layers of the dermis of the rat back and adult human (P=0.17). Colagen fibers of porcine reticular dermis were arranged tightly in disorder; the content of type I colagen and ratio of type I/III colagen were higher than those in the reticular dermis from adult human (P < 0.05), but the content of type III colagen was less than that in the reticular dermis from adult human (P < 0.05). Contents of type I and III colagen and their ratio were similar between the reticular dermis of rats and adult human (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the Young’s modulus of the three kinds of reticular dermises. Hydrogen bonds involved in the reticular dermal colagen molecules ranged as folows: rats > swine > human. Rat reticular dermis has better thermal stability than that of swine and adult human.