Thyroid cancer is caused by multiple factors, including genetics, environment, metabolism, and the immune microenvironment, among which ionizing radiation exposure is an important risk factor for thyroid cancer. As one of the most sensitive target organs of ionizing radiation, the thyroid gland may have different risks of thyroid cancer caused by different types of ionizing radiation exposures, such as medical exposure, occupational exposure, and emergency exposure. The sensitivity of children and adolescents are higher than that of adults. The dose-response relationship still needs to be further explored. The molecular mechanism between ionizing radiation and the increased risk of thyroid cancer is complex, which may involve DNA damage and repair abnormalities, gene mutations, non-coding RNA regulation, DNA methylation, cell cycle regulation imbalance, and immune microenvironment changes. This article reviews the risk and molecular mechanisms associated with different types of ionizing radiation exposure in thyroid cancer, based on literature retrieved from CNKI and PubMed databases. It aims to provide a theoretical basis for the early monitoring, prevention, and intervention of thyroid cancer related to ionizing radiation exposure.

Objective:To investigate the value of a 5-point predictive score based on unenhanced CT combined with blood glucose detection for predicting short-term prognosis in patients with spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage.Methods:A total of 102 patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage who received treatment in Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital from March 2020 to March 2022 were included in this study and analyzed retrospectively. Blood glucose level was measured and BAT score was used to evaluate hematoma enlargement. After 30 days, Glasgow Outcome Scale was used to evaluate the prognosis of patients. The relationships between blood glucose and BAT score, and between blood glucose and BAT score and prognosis were analyzed. The value of blood glucose and BAT score for predicting short-term prognosis was analyzed.Results:The Glasgow Outcome Scale results showed that among the 102 patients, 24 patients (23.53%) had poor prognosis. The BAT score and blood glucose level in patients with poor prognosis were (3.13 ± 0.68) points and (11.58 ± 2.30) mmol/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than (2.40 ± 0.59) points and (8.88 ± 1.71) mmol/L in patients with good prognosis ( t = 5.10, 5.30, both P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, blood glucose level was positively correlated with BAT score ( r = 0.43, P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, blood glucose level and BAT level were positively correlated with prognosis ( r = 0.42, 0.47, both P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the area under the curve plotted for BAT score combined with blood glucose level for predicting short-term prognosis was 0.874, which was significantly greater than the area under the curve plotted for BAT score alone for predicting short-term prognosis ( Z = 2.54, P < 0.05). Conclusion:A large proportion of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage have a poor prognosis. The patients with a poor prognosis have higher blood glucose levels and BAT scores than those with good prognosis. Blood glucose and BAT score have a high value for predicting the prognosis of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

Schizophrenia is a mental illness that can seriously affect a patient's cognitive and social communication. Because schizophrenia is affected by multiple factors, the cause of schizoophrenia is still unclear. Gene transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) is a new research method to study the morphological structure, and gene differential expression and function; RNA-Seq can sequence hundreds of thousands to millions of DNA molecules at a time, providing more effective data for biological transcription information. This paper reviews the principles and technical characteristics of RNA-Seq, and application of RNA-Seq in schizophrenia, which provide new ideas for schizophrenia research.

Objective:To investigate the gene transcription level changes in the amygdala of social isolation rearing models of schizophrenia to determine the pathogenic genes and their related pathways of schizophrenia.Methods:A total of 29 3-week-old SPF C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into control group ( n=16) and model group ( n=13); 4 mice were raised in each transparent mouse cage in the control group, and 1 mouse was raised in each transparent mouse cage in the model group; mice in each cage could see their surrounding mice but could not touch each other. Mice in both groups were fed for 4 weeks and then subjected to open field experiment, pre-pulse inhibition experiment and new object recognition experiment within one week. After the experiment, mice were sacrificed by spinal dislocation, and the amygdala was taken for transcriptome sequencing. The topGO software was used for gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis was performed using KEGG database. Results:(1) Animal experiment: compared with the control group, the model group had significantly increased movement distance in the open field experiment ([1 239.20±106.35] m vs. [1 845.53±143.65] m, t=3.464, P=0.002), significantly decreased activity time in the central region 5 min before experiment ([13.15±1.41] s vs. [8.47±1.19]) s, t=2.464, P=0.020). Compared with the control group, the model group had significantly lower percentage of deficient prepulse inhibition (PPI) of 78 dB ([22.28±1.53] % vs. [14.59±2.75] %, t=2.629, P=0.013), and deficient PPI of 88 dB ([32.83±3.39] % vs. [18.44±3.07] %, t=3.081, P=0.005). Compared with the control group, the model group had significantly decreased ratio of time exploring new objects/time exploring former objects ([80.5±2.2]% vs. [71.0±3.6]%, t=2.356, P=0.026). (2) Bioinformatics analysis: a total of 96 DEGs were found, of which 42 were with up-regulated expressions ( Th, Crlf1, etc.), and 54 were with down-regulated expressions ( Prkcd, etc.). Th and Crlf1 were positively correlated ( r=0.940, P=0.018). GO enrichment results suggested that DEGs were enriched in projection function of plasma membrane boundary cells, neuronal differentiation, and cell apoptosis. KEGG enrichment results suggested that DEGs were enriched in WNT signaling pathway, apoptosis pathway and tyrosine metabolism pathway. Protein network interaction analysis suggested that Wnt6, Tcf712, Pitx2, Tcf7 and Cd4 were key proteins. Conclusion:DEGs such as Th, Prkcd, Lrrc74b, Fadd, Wnt6, Ror2, Notum, and Tcf7l2, and their related signaling pathways may be related to schizophrenia in the amygdala of social isolation rearing mice.

Objective:To study the clinicopathological, immunophenotypic and molecular genetic characteristics of nodular fasciitis (NF) in unusual sites.Methods:A total of 50 cases of NF diagnosed between January 2015 and January 2021 were reviewed in the Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People′s Hospital, and the clinical and pathologic data were analyzed. Among them, 14 cases from unusual sites were included in this study. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to detect the expression of related proteins, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect the breakage of the USP6 gene.Results:There were seven males and seven females in the 14 NF respectively. The lesions were located in the extremities, perineum, breast, wrist joints, the gap between lumbar vertebra 4/5, and in eight cases there was involvement of unusual tissues (six cases in skeletal muscle, one case in nerve root, and one case was intravascular). The tumor boundary was unclear with infiltrating growth. Spindle-shaped myofibroblasts were arranged in bundles or chaotically, with mild pleomorphic, small nucleoli and various mitotic figures. The tumor stroma showed collagenization to myxoid degeneration with erythrocyte extravasation and infiltration of inflammatory cells. IHC staining showed that the spindle cells expressed SMA focally or partially, and p16 diffusely and strongly. FISH showed that 12 of 14 cases had USP6 gene breakage, and two of them occurred in the intrathoracic skeletal muscle with the red signal amplification of USP6 gene.Conclusions:NF in unusual sites shows similar clinicopathological and genetic characteristics to classic NF, but the tumor mostly has infiltrating borders, non-specific and strong expression of p16, and USP6 red signal amplification. The pathological diagnosis of NF in rare sites should be highly vigilant.

ObjectiveTo analyze the pharmacodynamic material basis of Hippophae Folium in the treatment of hyperlipidemia by network pharmacology and experimental verification. MethodThe hyperlipidemic HepG2 cell model induced by oleic and palmitic acid （molar ratio 2∶1） was established. The optimal concentration of Hippophae Folium containing serum was determined by cell counting kit （CCK）-8 method. The cells were intervened by the medicated serum， and oil red O staining was used to determine the success of the model. The contents of total cholesterol （TC） and triglyceride （TG） were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The possible mechanism of action was analyzed by network pharmacology， and molecular docking was performed to detect the binding ability of the potential targets. ResultCCK-8 assay showed that 10% medicated serum was the optimal concentration for cell growth. Oil red O staining proved that the hyperlipidemic cell model induced by oleic and palmitic acid has been built. After treatment with medicated serum， the contents of TG and TC decreased， indicating that Hippophae Folium had a good therapeutic effect on hyperlipidemia. Network pharmacology revealed that the core targets of Hippophae Folium in the treatment of hyperlipidemia were albumin （ALB）， peroxisome proliferative activated receptor γ （PPARγ） and matrix metalloprotein（MMP）-9， involving 755 biological processes， 73 molecular functions and 3 cellular components. By Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） analysis， it was found PPAR， hypoxia inducible factor（HIF）-1， AMP-activated protein kinase（AMPK） and other signal pathways were involved in the treatment of hyperlipidemia by Hippophae Folium. ConclusionHippophae Folium containing serum （10%） could reduce lipid accumulation and intracellular TG and TC levels in hyperlipidemic cell model， and its mechanism of action might be realized by activating PPAR signal pathway.

【Objective】 To clone the full-length of human kidney and brain protein (KIBRA) coding sequence in eukaryotic expression vector and provide a model for studying the biological function of KIBRA in breast cancer cells. 【Methods】 Total RNA of human breast cancer cell line MCF7 was extracted. After reverse transcription, the full length of KIBRA (NM_001161661.2) coding region was amplified by PCR, and cloned into eukaryotic expression vector pCMV-Blank. After identification, it was defined officially as pCMV-KIBRA. Then it was transfected into MCF7 cells, and the expression of KIBRA was detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting after 48 hours. The primary, secondary and tertiary structures and post-transcriptional modification sites of KIBRA were analyzed with bioinformatics software. 【Results】 Bacterial PCR, double enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing results showed that the correct sequence of KIBRA was inserted into the vector pCMV-KIBRA. The mRNA and protein expressions of KIBRA were significantly increased in MCF7 cells transfected with pCMV-KIBRA. Bioinformatics analysis showed that KIBRA was composed of 1119 amino acids. There were 52 phosphorylation sites, 1 acetylation site and 5 ubiquitination sites, and the protein structure was mainly α-helix and random coil. 【Conclusion】 The eukaryotic expression vector of full-length of human KIBRA coding sequence was successfully constructed and overexpressed in breast cancer cell line MCF7, which can lay a foundation for studying the biological function of KIBRA in breast cancer.

Objective: To construct influenza B virus Vero cell adapted strain by genetic recombination technology by using the influenza B virus Vero cell adapted strain as the parent strain. Methods: The chick embryo and Vero cell were co-infected with influenza virus Vero cell adapted strain B/Malaysia/2506/2004 Va (Bv) and the vaccine strain B/massachusetts/2/2012 (BX-51B) recommended by WHO. The reassortants were screened with the anti-Bv serum. Plaque-purified reassortants were used to screen for Vero cell-adapted influenza B virus strains containing the surface antigen of the epidemic strain. Results: A Vero cell-adapted influenza B virus strain was obtained with successive passage in Vero cells. The hemagglutination inhibition test and the one-way immunogold agar diffusion test both showed that the reassortant virus was homologous to NYMC BX-51B, and sequence analysis result showed that the reassortment virus has the same HA and NA gene with the vaccine strain. Conclusion B/Malaysia/2506/2004Va (Bv) can be used as a parent strain to prepare Vero cell vaccine against influenza B virus.

Objective To study the effects of medicated serum with total saponins from Rhizoma Dioscreae Nipponicae (RDN) on VEGF mRNA expression and AP-1 activity in rat synovial cell strain RSC-364 induced by IL-17 and TNF-α. To investigate the mechanism about total saponin from RDN inhibition of angiogenesis. Methods Medicated serum of total saponins from RDN and tripterygium (positive control) were prepared. Rat synovial cells RSC-364 were divided into four groups: the blank control,IL-17+TNF-α model,tripterygium medicated serum,and total saponins medicated serum groups. After one hour of incubation,all groups except for the blank control were incubated with both IL-17(10 μg·L-1 ) and TNF-α(10 μg·L-1 ) for 24 hours. VEGF mRNA expression in RSC-364 was detected by PrimeScriptTM real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) detection kit,and the AP-1 DNA-binding activity was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Results Compared with the control blank group,both of the VEGF mRNA expression and AP-1 activity in rat synovial cell strain RSC-364 induced by IL-17 and TNF-α increased remarkably (P<0. 05,P<0.01). The VEGF mRNA expression and AP-1 activity in tripterygium medicated serum group and total saponins medicated serum group were remarkably lower than those of the model control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two medicated serum groups. Conclusion Serum medicated with total saponins from RDN can remarkably decrease VEGF mRNA expression and AP-1 activity,indicating that the total saponins from RDN could influence VEGF secretion by inhibiting the AP-1 signal transduction pathway,VEGF is the key factor of angiogenesis,thereby to restrain angiogenesis.

Objective To investigate the correlation between TIP 30 and VEGF-C expression and clini-cophathological characteristics in resected small cell lung cancer ( SCLC) patients and to identify patients with in-creased risk of cancer recurrence and to provide a theoretical basis for the further clinical prevention of SCLC . Methods Sixty eight resected SCLC patients were included in this study .Paraffin-embedded specimens of pa-tients were used for the evaluation of TIP 30 and VEGF-C expression by immunohistochemistry .Results The expression of VEGF-C had positive correlation with lymph node metastasis .TIP30 expression was positively cor-related with VEGF-C expression.Patients with low TIP30 expression had shorter Overall survival (OS)and Dis-ease-Free survival(DFS)than those with high TIP30 expression.OS and DFS of the patients with VEGF -C-positive tumors were significantly lower than that of the patients with VEGF -C negative tumors .The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that low TIP 30 and high VEGF-C expression were independent markers of poor OS(P<0.01)in operable SCLC patients.Conclusion The expression of VEGF -C shows positive correlation with lymph node metastasis .Low TIP30 and high VEGF -C expression are independent prognostic markers of poor overall survival in resected SCLC patients .