ObjectivePost-ischemic acute inflammation and the subsequent persistent dysregulation of the immune microenvironment represent major pathological drivers that aggravate neuronal injury and severely restrict functional recovery following ischemic stroke. Although current reperfusion therapies partially restore blood flow, they fail to effectively modulate the secondary inflammatory cascade and oxidative stress, which remain critical barriers to neurological restoration. To address this challenge, this study aimed to engineer and systematically evaluate a biomimetic nanosystem composed of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-loaded platelet membrane-camouflaged lipid nanoparticles (PLP). This nanosystem was designed to achieve dual lesion-targeted delivery and immune microenvironment remodeling. By verifying its spatiotemporal accumulation, anti-inflammatory activity, and neuroprotective efficacy, we sought to establish an integrated therapeutic strategy that simultaneously enables lesion targeting, immune regulation, and functional recovery after ischemic injury. MethodsThe physicochemical properties of PLP, including hydrodynamic particle size, zeta potential, structural stability, and morphology, were characterized using dynamic light scattering, zeta potential analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. The preservation of platelet membrane-derived adhesion and immunoregulatory proteins was confirmed by SDS-PAGE through comparative analysis of protein band profiles between PLP and native platelet membranes. The in vitro biological activities of PLP were evaluated using two complementary cellular models. LPS-induced M1-polarized RAW264.7 macrophages were employed to assess inflammatory modulation, while oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced BV2 microglial cells and SH-SY5Y neuronal cells were utilized to investigate neuroinflammatory regulation and neuronal protection. For in vivo validation, a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mouse model was established to mimic ischemia-reperfusion injury. The spatiotemporal biodistribution and lesion-targeting capability of the PLP were monitored through live fluorescence imaging. Therapeutic efficacy was comprehensively evaluated by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunofluorescence analysis, body weight monitoring, and neurological severity score (NSS) assessment. ResultsPLP nanoparticles displayed a uniform spherical morphology, nanoscale particle size distribution, and stable negative surface charge, indicating favorable colloidal stability and circulation potential. SDS-PAGE results confirmed the effective retention of key platelet membrane proteins associated with endothelial adhesion, immune evasion, and inflammatory regulation, demonstrating the successful biomimetic construction. Optimal therapeutic concentrations were determined in OGD/R-induced BV2 cells, where PLP exhibited excellent cytocompatibility and anti-inflammatory activity.In vitro experiments demonstrated that PLP significantly inhibited the polarization of RAW264.7 macrophages toward the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype and markedly reduced neuronal apoptosis under ischemia-reperfusion conditions. In vivo fluorescence imaging revealed that PLP rapidly accumulated in the ischemic brain hemisphere and maintained prolonged retention for up to 7 d, suggesting enhanced lesion-specific targeting and sustained drug release. Compared with control group, PLP treatment significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume, attenuated reactive astrogliosis, improved weight recovery, and accelerated neurological functional restoration, as reflected by significantly improved NSS scores. ConclusionThis study establishes a multifunctional biomimetic nanoplatform that integrates platelet membrane-mediated active targeting with the anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and neuroprotective properties of TGF-β1. The PLP system enables rapid lesion homing and long-term retention while synergistically regulating the post-stroke inflammatory microenvironment by suppressing pro-inflammatory immune activation, reducing neuronal apoptosis, and limiting excessive astrocyte reactivity. Importantly, this study proposes a conceptually therapeutic paradigm that combines targeted delivery with immune microenvironment remodeling to achieve comprehensive neurovascular protection. These findings provide strong experimental evidence supporting the translational potential of biomimetic nanotherapeutics as next-generation precision interventions for ischemic stroke.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression changes of the Endophilin A1 （EPA1）-reactive oxygen species （ROS）-NLR family pyrin domain containing 1 （NLRP1） signaling pathway in chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS）-induced depression model mice. Methods50 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group and CUMS model group（n=25）. The model mice received 42 days of CUMS stress exposure， after which behavioral changes were assessed through monitoring body weight， sucrose preference test， forced swim test， tail suspension test， open field test， and elevated plus-maze test. Hematoxylin-Eosin and Nissl staining were used to observe neuronal damage in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions. Calcium ion （Ca²⁺） assay kit was used to detect Ca²⁺ levels in the hippocampus. Immunofluorescence was used to detect colocalization of EPA1 and NLRP1 as well as ROS changes in the hippocampus. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe mitochondrial structure in hippocampal neurons. The expression levels of calcium-activated neutral protease 1 （Calpain-1）， nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 （NOX2）， NLRP1 inflammasome， downstream inflammatory proteins， and synapse-associated proteins in the hippocampus of mice was detected by using Western blot. ResultsCompared with the control group， mice in the CUMS model group exhibited depressive-like behavior and hippocampal neuronal damage. The levels of NLRP1 and EPA1 significantly increased in the hippocampus， and both were co-expressed in the cytoplasm and membrane of hippocampal neurons in the CUMS group mice（P<0.01）. Ca²⁺ concentration was elevated（P<0.01）， and the protein levels of Calpain 1 and NOX2 were upregulated（P<0.01）. The average fluorescence intensity of ROS significantly increased， accompanied by structural damage to neuronal mitochondria（P<0.01）. The levels of NLRP1 and its downstream inflammatory proteins significantly increased （P<0.01）， while the expression levels of synapse-associated proteins significantly decreased （P<0.01）. ConclusionEPA1 exhibits abnormal expression changes in CUMS-induced depression model mice， which may be closely associated with ROS generation， NLRP1 inflammasome activation， and the regulation of synaptic protein expression.

Objective To gain insights into the biological characteristics of different populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus within and around the Yellow Sea wetland from the perspective of the occurrence of resistance, we investigated the levels of resistance to deltamethrin and kdr gene mutation in the wetland and its peripheral areas. Methods Specimens were collected from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations at two monitoring sites in the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area, and also from two populations in Yancheng City and the Liuhe District of Nanjing, and the resistance of these mosquitoes to deltamethrin was determined using the CDC biotest bottle method. For each concentration of deltamethrin assessed, a random subset of exposed specimens was selected for amplification of the kdr gene fragment, followed by Sanger sequencing to identify and analyze resistance-associated mutations. Results The LC50 levels of deltamethrin among mosquitoes from the four populations in Luhe, Yancheng, the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and the Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area were 2.048 5, 7.798 2, 3.473 3, and 17.695 5 mg/mL, respectively, with corresponding concentrations of deltamethrin ranging from 0.005 to 5.000,0.050 to 50.000,0.050 to 25.000 and 0.050 to 50.000 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ranges of the KT50 values were 11.76-107.43, 67.05-216.30,29.77-107.43 and 28.40-329.51 min; the 1-h knockdown rates were 34.58%-99.15%, 9.52%-43.80%, 55.09%-73.01%, and 10.09%-68.07%; and the 24-h mortality rates were 12.15%-67.52%,9.52%-79.56%,13.17%-82.21%, and 11.01%-78.99%, respectively. With respect to kdr gene mutation, we assayed a total of 63,70,59, and 57 mosquitoes for the four populations, for which we detected L1014F mutation frequencies of 14.29%, 35.00%, 20.34%, and 31.58%, respectively, with a majority of these mutations being heterozygous for resistance. In addition, five adult mosquitoes were identified has having synonymous mutations at site 1011[i. e. , AAT(asparagine)mutation to AAC(asparagine)]. Conclusions Our findings revealed the clear resistance of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus to deltamethrin in the Yancheng region of the Yellow Sea wetland, and the resistance phenotype and kdr frequency of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment were comparable to those of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment, thereby indicating that the resistance of different populations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was homogeneous under the pressure of different insecticide selection within and around the wetland. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further studied.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza-like illness (ILI) cases and the distribution patterns of influenza virus types in Xiaogan City from 2020 to 2024, and to provide a scientific basis for local influenza prevention and control. MethodsData on ILI surveillance reported by two national sentinel hospitals in Xiaogan City and influenza virus detection data reported by the network laboratory of Xiaogan Center for Disease Control and Prevention during 2020‒2024 were collected. All data were stratified and statistically analyzed by time, age and gender. Inter-group differences were compared using the chi-square (χ²) test, and statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 27.0 software. ResultsA total of 781 528 outpatient and emergency cases were reported by two sentinel hospitals in Xiaogan City from 2020 to 2024, among which 34 078 were ILI cases, with an ILI proportion (ILI%) of 4.36%. The highest proportion of ILI cases was observed in the 0‒<5 years age group, accounting for 28.62% (9 754/34 078). A total of 11 000 surveillance samples were tested, and 1 515 were positive for influenza virus, with an overall positive rate of 13.77%. Among the positive samples, 724 (47.79%) were influenza A (H3N2) subtype, 232 (15.31%) were influenza A (H1N1) subtype, 554 (36.57%) were influenza B (Victoria lineage), and 5 (0.33%) were mixed infections. A statistically significant difference was found in the seasonal distribution of influenza virus positivity rate (χ²=9 120.63, P<0.001). Epidemic peaks mainly occurred in winter and spring, with positivity rates ranging from 42.22% to 76.62%, while summer epidemic peaks were observed only in 2021 and 2022 (positivity rate was 21.48% and 43.03%, respectively). A statistically significant difference was also observed in influenza virus positivity rate among different age groups (χ²=846.61, P<0.001), with the highest influenza positive rate in the 5‒<15 years age group. No statistically significant difference was found in gender distribution (χ²=2.43, P=0.650). ConclusionThe influenza epidemic season in Xiaogan City is mainly in winter and spring, with occasional summer peaks. Prevention and control efforts should focus on children and adolescents aged 5 to <15 years, and targeted measures should be adopted in key settings such as schools. It is necessary to continuously strengthen influenza surveillance to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory loss. As the incidence of AD continues to rise annually, researchers have shown keen interest in the active components found in natural plants and their neuroprotective effects against AD. Quercetin, a flavonol widely present in fruits and vegetables, has multiple biological effects including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. Oxidative stress plays a central role in the pathogenesis of AD, and the antioxidant properties of quercetin are essential for its neuroprotective function. Quercetin can modulate multiple signaling pathways related to AD, such as Nrf2-ARE, JNK, p38 MAPK, PON2, PI3K/Akt, and PKC, all of which are closely related to oxidative stress. Furthermore, quercetin is capable of inhibiting the aggregation of β‑amyloid protein (Aβ) and the phosphorylation of tau protein, as well as the activity of β‑secretase 1 and acetylcholinesterase, thus slowing down the progression of the disease.The review also provides insights into the pharmacokinetic properties of quercetin, including its absorption, metabolism, and excretion, as well as its bioavailability challenges and clinical applications. To improve the bioavailability and enhance the targeting of quercetin, the potential of quercetin nanomedicine delivery systems in the treatment of AD is also discussed. In summary, the multifaceted mechanisms of quercetin against AD provide a new perspective for drug development. However, translating these findings into clinical practice requires overcoming current limitations and ongoing research. In this way, its therapeutic potential in the treatment of AD can be fully utilized.

Alcohol abuse is a global public health problem.Excessive drinking not only damages digestive tract,cardiovascu-lar and endocrine systems,but also damages central nervous system(CNS).Recent studies have shown that alcohol interacts with neu-roimmune system to alter neuroimmune signaling and molecular expression,thereby leading to neuroinflammation and regulating a wide range of brain functions.Microglia is main cell of CNS involved in neuroimmune responses.Microglia is activated by alcohol and acts on neurons,leading to neuropsychiatric diseases,such as neuronal loss,abnormal synaptic connections,cognitive decline and motor dysfunction.Alcohol chronically stimulates digestive tract and also affects microglia along gut-brain axis.Neural properties of microglia and related immune factors and their important roles in neuroinflammation provide a new insight into neuroimmune mecha-nisms underlying alcohol-induced changes in brain function and behavior.This review discusses progress of role of microglia and their immune signaling in alcohol-induced neuroinflammation,and provides theoretical basis for further research on neurobiological mecha-nism and treatment of alcohol abuse.

Objective To establish animal models by implanting Gynemesh polypropylene mesh and Mersilene tape into the abdominal walls of rats,followed by conducting mechanical experiments and performing HE staining on abdominal wall tissues at 30 and 90 days post-implantation,respectively,in order to evaluate the biomechanical properties and histocompatibility of the two types of meshes.Methods The Gynemesh mesh and Mersilene tape were implanted into the abdominal wall of adult female rats(n=10)using W6977M polyester non-absorbable sutures and V-Loc absorbable sutures.The rats were randomly assigned to either a 30-day group or a 90-day group(n=5 per group)based on different experimental time points.Mechanical tests were conducted at these time points to evaluate the ultimate load required for avulsion of the meshes from the abdominal wall.Following the mechanical experiments,the tissues surrounding the meshes were harvested for hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining.The inflammatory response,neovascularization,and fibroblast proliferation in the tissues were scored to compare the histocompatibility of the two types of meshes.Results(1)In the 30-day group,the ultimate load values were as follows:Gynemesh+6977(14.96±2.22)N,Gynemesh+V-Loc(12.73±1.11)N,Mersilene+6977(10.65±0.91)N,and Mersilene+V-Loc(8.70±1.18)N.No statistically significant difference was observed in the ultimate load between the Gynemesh+6977 and Gynemesh+V-Loc groups(P=0.12),whereas statistically significant differences were noted among the other groups(P<0.05).(2)In the 90-day group,the ultimate load values were as follows:Gynemesh+6977(18.97±0.59)N,Gynemesh+V-Loc(18.18±0.54)N,Mersilene+6977(13.87±0.67)N,and Mersilene+V-Loc(10.41±0.73)N.No statistically significant difference was observed in the ultimate load between the Gynemesh+6977 and Gynemesh+V-Loc groups(P=0.06),while statistically significant differences were noted among the other groups(P<0.05).(3)The ultimate load at 90 days for each group was significantly greater than that at 30 days,with statistically significant differences observed across all groups(P<0.05).(4)In the 30-day group,Gynemesh exhibited a lower inflammatory response compared to Mersilene tape(2.0±0.69 vs.3.10±0.71,P<0.05),with no statistically significant differences in neovascular-ization or fibroblast proliferation(2.37±0.61 vs.2.40±0.62,P=0.84;2.43±0.73 vs.2.63±0.67,P=0.27).In the 90-day group,Gynemesh demonstrated a lower inflammatory response score(1.10±0.66 vs.2.00±0.74,P<0.05),reduced fibroblast proliferation(2.87±0.68 vs.3.27±0.67,P<0.05),and no significant difference in neovascular proliferation(2.20±0.55 vs.2.13±0.68,P=0.68)compared to Mersilene tape.(5)The inflam-matory response for both mesh types was higher in the 30-day group compared to the 90-day group(Gynemesh group:2.0±0.69 vs.1.10±0.66,P<0.05;Mersilene group:3.13±0.73 vs.2.0±0.74,P<0.05).Additionally,the degree of fibroblast proliferation was lower in the 30-day group than in the 90-day group(Gynemesh group:2.43±0.73 vs.2.87±0.68,P<0.05;Mersilene group:2.63±0.67 vs.3.27±0.69,P<0.05).However,there was no statistically significant difference in neovascularization proliferation between the two groups(Gynemesh group:2.53±0.74 vs.2.47±0.74,P=0.81;Mersilene group:2.40±0.62 vs.2.13±0.68,P=0.12).Conclusion Compared with Mersilene tape,Gynemesh polypropylene mesh exhibits superior tensile strength and enhanced biocompatibility.

Objective:To explore the application effect of fine skin care in patients with psoriasis, and provide evidence-based theoretical basis for the development of skin care in patients with psoriasis.Methods:A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Patients with psoriasis admitted to the People′s Hospital of Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province from December 2022 to March 2024 were selected as the research subjects by the convenience sampling method and divided into the control group and the experimental group by the random number table method. The control group was given routine care. The experimental group was given fine skin care on the basis of control group. Before and after the intervention, the itching symptoms, skin lesions, comfort and quality of life were evaluated using 12-item Pruritus Severity Scale (12-PSS), Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), General Comfort Questionnaire (GCQ), 36-item Short Form (SF-36) and compared between the two groups. The incidence of complications and recurrence rate in the two groups were counted 3 months after intervention.Results:Finally, 96 patients were included in the study, including 48 patients in the experimental group, 28 males and 20 females, aged (59.31 ± 17.31) years old; 48 cases in the control group, 29 males and 19 females, aged (61.54 ± 18.11) years old. Before the intervention, there were no statistically significant differences in the scores of 12-PSS, PASI, GCQ and SF-36 between the two groups (all P>0.05). After the intervention, the scores of 12-PSS and PASI in the experimental group were (3.65 ± 2.96), (5.08 ± 1.15) points respectively, which were lower than (8.29 ± 2.00), (7.37 ± 1.34) points in the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( t=9.00, 8.99, both P<0.05). The scores of GCQ and SF-36 in the experimental group were (41.42 ± 4.01), (95.08 ± 4.47) points respectively, which were higher than (33.94 ± 5.74) and (84.19 ± 8.52) points in the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( t=7.40, 7.84, both P<0.05). The total incidence of complications and recurrence rate in the experimental group were 4.17% (2/48), 2.08% (1/48) respectively, which were lower than 18.75% (9/48), 14.58% (7/48) in the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=5.03, 4.91, both P<0.05). Conclusions:Fine skin care can improve the itching symptoms of patients with psoriasis and reduce the severity of skin lesions. It can also improve the comfort and quality of life of patients and reduce the incidence of complications and recurrence rate, and the clinical application effect is good.

Objective:To study the effects of aluminum exposure on learning and memory and the expression of nerve growth factor(NGF)in the hippocampus of offspring rats,and to investigate the mechanism by which aluminum impairs learning and memory function.Methods:Forty pregnant Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the Control group(Control),low-dose Al group(Al-L),medium-dose Al group(Al-M)and high-dose Al group(Al-H).The off-spring rats were fed with Al through breast milk from birth to weaning,while the rats in the control group were fed with distilled water.The maternal rats Al-L,Al-M and Al-H groups drank distilled water solution containing 2.0,4.0 and 8.0 g/L AlCl3,respectively.After weaning,the offspring rats in the aluminum exposure group drank distilled water so-lution containing 2.0,4.0 and 8.0 g/L AlCl3 by themselves until the 90th day after birth to establish the offspring rat model of subchronic aluminum exposure.After aluminum exposure,the shuttle box test was used to detect the learning and memory ability of offspring rats,and the body weight of offspring rats and hippocampus were weighed to evaluate the effect of aluminum exposure.The expression of nerve growth factor(NGF)protein in hippocampus of offspring rats was detected by Western blot,and the expression of NGF mRNA in hippocampus of offspring rats was detected by real time RT-PCR.Results:The body weight of offspring rats in Al-H group was significantly lower than that in the other three dose groups.In the shuttle box test,compared with the control group,the active avoidance response and passive avoid-ance response of the offspring rats in the aluminum exposure group showed a downward trend with the increase of alumi-num exposure dose,indicating that the learning and memory ability of the offspring rats in the aluminum exposure group was impaired.Compared with the control group,the NGF protein content and NGF mRNA expression in the hippocam-pus of offspring rats in the aluminum exposure group were significantly decreased.Conclusion:Subchronic aluminum exposure down-regulates the expression of NGF in the hippocampus,which may cause learning and memory impairment in offspring rats.

Objective The pathophysiological process of acute high-altitude hypoxia-induced lung injury affects protein expression levels,which are mainly evaluated by Western blot.No systematic study has investigated changes in internal control proteins as calibration loading amounts.Methods Lung injury at an altitude of 6000 m was induced in a low-pressure,low-oxygen chamber for 8,24,and 72 h using C57BL/6J mice.Establishment of the model was confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Expression levels of various internal control proteins,including vinculin,α-tubulin,eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5(EIF5),β-actin,and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH)were detected by Western blot,and total protein expression was detected by Coomassie blue staining.Furthermore,the lung injury model in vitro was establised by using,Bronchial epithelial cell(BZAS-2B)andhunman umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECS)confirmed by TUNEL staining.Expression levels of internal control proteins were detected by Western blot,and total protein expression was detected by Coomassie Blue staining.Results Acute 8,24,and 72 h hypoxic models were successfully established in lung tissue,demonstrating consistent total protein expression and stable levels of the internal reference proteins vinculin,α-tubulin,EIF5,andβ-actin.GAPDH expression was elevated in the HH8 h,HH24 h,and HH72 h groups compared with the normoxia(Nor)group,but only the increase at HH72 h groups was significant.Similarly,8,24,and 48 h hypoxic models were successfully established in BEAS-2B cells and HUVECs,with consistent total protein expression.In BEAS-2B cells,expression levels of the internal reference proteins β-actin and GAPDH were consistent with the normoxic control(NC)group,while vinculin,α-tubulin,and EIF5 expression levels were significantly reduced under hypoxic conditions for up to 24 h.In HUVECs,vinculin and α-tubulin expression levels were also consistent with the NC group,while EIF5,β-actin,and GAPDH expression levels were significantly reduced at 8 h and increased at 48 h.Conclusions Acute hypoxia induces lung tissue injury,and protein expression levels of the internal reference proteins vinculin,α-tubulin,EIF5,and β-actin are stable,making them suitable internal references for Western blot.Additionally,Western blot detected differential expression levels of the internal reference proteins vinculin,α-tubulin,EIF5,β-actin,and GAPDH in BEAS-2B cells and HUVECs,as the most important in vitro lung tissue models of hypoxia-induced injury.