Objective To gain insights into the biological characteristics of different populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus within and around the Yellow Sea wetland from the perspective of the occurrence of resistance, we investigated the levels of resistance to deltamethrin and kdr gene mutation in the wetland and its peripheral areas. Methods Specimens were collected from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations at two monitoring sites in the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area, and also from two populations in Yancheng City and the Liuhe District of Nanjing, and the resistance of these mosquitoes to deltamethrin was determined using the CDC biotest bottle method. For each concentration of deltamethrin assessed, a random subset of exposed specimens was selected for amplification of the kdr gene fragment, followed by Sanger sequencing to identify and analyze resistance-associated mutations. Results The LC50 levels of deltamethrin among mosquitoes from the four populations in Luhe, Yancheng, the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and the Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area were 2.048 5, 7.798 2, 3.473 3, and 17.695 5 mg/mL, respectively, with corresponding concentrations of deltamethrin ranging from 0.005 to 5.000,0.050 to 50.000,0.050 to 25.000 and 0.050 to 50.000 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ranges of the KT50 values were 11.76-107.43, 67.05-216.30,29.77-107.43 and 28.40-329.51 min; the 1-h knockdown rates were 34.58%-99.15%, 9.52%-43.80%, 55.09%-73.01%, and 10.09%-68.07%; and the 24-h mortality rates were 12.15%-67.52%,9.52%-79.56%,13.17%-82.21%, and 11.01%-78.99%, respectively. With respect to kdr gene mutation, we assayed a total of 63,70,59, and 57 mosquitoes for the four populations, for which we detected L1014F mutation frequencies of 14.29%, 35.00%, 20.34%, and 31.58%, respectively, with a majority of these mutations being heterozygous for resistance. In addition, five adult mosquitoes were identified has having synonymous mutations at site 1011[i. e. , AAT(asparagine)mutation to AAC(asparagine)]. Conclusions Our findings revealed the clear resistance of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus to deltamethrin in the Yancheng region of the Yellow Sea wetland, and the resistance phenotype and kdr frequency of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment were comparable to those of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment, thereby indicating that the resistance of different populations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was homogeneous under the pressure of different insecticide selection within and around the wetland. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further studied.

Objective: To analyze the dynamic changes and influencing factors of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among junior and senior high school students, so as to provide evidence based references for precise tuberculosis prevention and control on campus. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 11 206 junior and senior high school students in Yuhang District, Hangzhou, who underwent tuberculin skin test (TST) at baseline in 2023 (T0). Participants were followed up for two consecutive years (T1 in 2024, T2 in 2025), and TST results were analyzed. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify influencing factors of LTBI, and generalized estimating equations (GEE) were applied to examine the sex-baseline grade-time interaction effects. Results: The cumulative incidence of LTBI among enrolled students was 10.01%, showed a distinct grade related gradient: the grade 7 cohort had the highest cumulative incidence of 12.62%, which decreased significantly with increasing grade level ( χ 2=109.12, P <0.01). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that, compared with the grade 7 cohort, the grade 8 cohort ( aHR =0.60) and the grade 9 cohort ( aHR =0.43) had lower risks of LTBI (both P <0.01). Boarding school students had a 62% lower risk of LTBI than non boarding school students ( aHR =0.38, P <0.01). GEE analysis showed that, with grade 7 girls at T1 as the reference group, LTBI risk significantly increased among grade 7 girls at T2 ( β =0.23), whereas the most prominent risk reduction was observed among grade 9 boys ( β =-1.69) (both P <0.05). Conclusions LTBI risk among junior and senior high school students exhibits significant population heterogeneity and temporal dynamics. The grade 7 academic year represents a critical window for tuberculosis prevention. Girls advancing to the grade 8 should be prioritized as the key population for targeted interventions. The boarding school campus management model exerts a protective effect against LTBI among junior and senior high school students.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between long-term glycemic control and cerebral infarction risk in patients with diabetes through a large-scale cohort study. METHODS: This prospective, community-based cohort study included 12,054 patients with diabetes. From 2006 to 2012, 38,272 fasting blood glucose (FBG) measurements were obtained from these participants. FBG trajectory patterns were generated using latent mixture modelling. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to assess the subsequent risk of cerebral infarction associated with different FBG trajectory patterns. RESULTS: At baseline, the mean age of the participants was 55.2 years. Four distinct FBG trajectories were identified based on FBG concentrations and their changes over the 6-year follow-up period. After a median follow-up of 6.9 years, 786 cerebral infarction events were recorded. Different trajectory patterns were associated with significantly varied outcome risks (Log-Rank P < 0.001). Compared with the low-stability group, Hazard Ratio ( HR) adjusted for potential confounders were 1.37 for the moderate-increasing group, 1.23 for the elevated-decreasing group, and 2.08 for the elevated-stable group. CONCLUSION Sustained high FBG levels were found to play a critical role in the development of ischemic stroke among patients with diabetes. Controlling FBG levels may reduce the risk of cerebral infarction.
Humans ; Cerebral Infarction/blood* ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Female ; Blood Glucose/analysis* ; Fasting/blood* ; Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Diabetes Mellitus/blood* ; Adult ; Proportional Hazards Models

AIM To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural,chlorogenic acid,caffeic acid,strychnine,paeoniflorin,ferulic acid,paeoniflorin Ⅰ,epimedium glycoside,psoralen,isopsoralen and glycyrrhetinic acid in Bunao Soft Capsules.METHODS The analysis was performed on a 35 ℃ thermostatic Waters Symmetry C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-0.1％phosphoric acid flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelengths were set at 230,280 nm.RESULTS Eleven constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(r＞0.999 0),whose average recoveries were 98.47％-103.30％with RSDs of 1.13％-2.80％.CONCLUSION This simple and reliable method can be used for the quality control of Bunao Soft Capsules.

High altitude heart disease(HAHD)is a chronic mountain sickness in which the body is exposed to high altitude(＞2 500 m)hypobaric hypoxia environment for a long time.HAHD has high morbidity and poor prognosis,and pulmonary hypertension is the main causative mechanism for its develop-ment.The phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor sildenafil has become a hot drug for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.This paper reviews the progress of HAHD and discusses the mechanism of action and effectiveness of sildenafil in the treatment of HAHD,with a view to providing a basis for the treatment of HAHD with sildenafil.

Biofilm is one of the important reasons for bacterial resistance and persistent infection in Staphylococcus aureus,which poses a significant threat to the dairy farming industry in southern Xinjiang.Although quercetin has antibacterial properties,its poor hydrophilicity and low solubility limit its clinical application.Therefore,quercetin nanogel was prepared by the electrostatic interac-tion between guar gum(positive charge)and hyaluronic acid(negative charge)under the action of sodium tripolyphosphate in this study.Using encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity as indi-cators,the optimal formula was screened through single factor experiments and response surface methodology,and characterized.The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimal mem-brane inhibitory concentration(MBIC)of quercetin nanogel against Staphylococcus aureus were determined by micro broth dilution method and micro plate semi quantitative method.The results showed that the optimal formulation of quercetin nanogel was 11.6 g/L guar gum,10.0 g/L hyalu-ronic acid and 50.0 g/L sodium tripolyphosphate.The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were 79.4％and 7.6％,respectively.The particle size and Zeta potential were(396.0±4.2)nm and(-25.0±0.8)mV,respectively,indicating that the nanogel had good dispersion,high stability and excellent drug loading capacity.The MIC and inhibitory rate of quercetin nanogel against Staphy-lococcus aureus were 8.0 mg/L and 83.8％,respectively.The MBIC and inhibitory rate of quercetin nanogel against Staphylococcus aureus were 8.0 mg/L and 38.3％,respectively.Therefore,the pre-pared quercetin nanogel solved the problems of low solubility and poor hydrophilicity of quercetin,improved the inhibitory effect of quercetin on the membrane of Staphylococcus aureus,and was expected to be further applied to the treatment of cow bacterial diseases in southern Xinjiang.

High altitude heart disease(HAHD)is a chronic mountain sickness in which the body is exposed to high altitude(＞2 500 m)hypobaric hypoxia environment for a long time.HAHD has high morbidity and poor prognosis,and pulmonary hypertension is the main causative mechanism for its develop-ment.The phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor sildenafil has become a hot drug for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.This paper reviews the progress of HAHD and discusses the mechanism of action and effectiveness of sildenafil in the treatment of HAHD,with a view to providing a basis for the treatment of HAHD with sildenafil.

Biofilm is one of the important reasons for bacterial resistance and persistent infection in Staphylococcus aureus,which poses a significant threat to the dairy farming industry in southern Xinjiang.Although quercetin has antibacterial properties,its poor hydrophilicity and low solubility limit its clinical application.Therefore,quercetin nanogel was prepared by the electrostatic interac-tion between guar gum(positive charge)and hyaluronic acid(negative charge)under the action of sodium tripolyphosphate in this study.Using encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity as indi-cators,the optimal formula was screened through single factor experiments and response surface methodology,and characterized.The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimal mem-brane inhibitory concentration(MBIC)of quercetin nanogel against Staphylococcus aureus were determined by micro broth dilution method and micro plate semi quantitative method.The results showed that the optimal formulation of quercetin nanogel was 11.6 g/L guar gum,10.0 g/L hyalu-ronic acid and 50.0 g/L sodium tripolyphosphate.The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were 79.4％and 7.6％,respectively.The particle size and Zeta potential were(396.0±4.2)nm and(-25.0±0.8)mV,respectively,indicating that the nanogel had good dispersion,high stability and excellent drug loading capacity.The MIC and inhibitory rate of quercetin nanogel against Staphy-lococcus aureus were 8.0 mg/L and 83.8％,respectively.The MBIC and inhibitory rate of quercetin nanogel against Staphylococcus aureus were 8.0 mg/L and 38.3％,respectively.Therefore,the pre-pared quercetin nanogel solved the problems of low solubility and poor hydrophilicity of quercetin,improved the inhibitory effect of quercetin on the membrane of Staphylococcus aureus,and was expected to be further applied to the treatment of cow bacterial diseases in southern Xinjiang.

AIM To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural,chlorogenic acid,caffeic acid,strychnine,paeoniflorin,ferulic acid,paeoniflorin Ⅰ,epimedium glycoside,psoralen,isopsoralen and glycyrrhetinic acid in Bunao Soft Capsules.METHODS The analysis was performed on a 35 ℃ thermostatic Waters Symmetry C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-0.1％phosphoric acid flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelengths were set at 230,280 nm.RESULTS Eleven constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(r＞0.999 0),whose average recoveries were 98.47％-103.30％with RSDs of 1.13％-2.80％.CONCLUSION This simple and reliable method can be used for the quality control of Bunao Soft Capsules.

Objective: To analyze the treatment and prognosis of patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2018 stage Ⅲc cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: A total of 488 patients at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital between May, 2013 to May, 2015 were enrolled. The clinical characteristics and prognosis were compared according to the treatment mode (surgery combined with postoperative chemoradiotherapy vs radical concurrent chemoradiotherapy). The median follow-up time was (96±12) months ( range time from 84 to 108 months). Results: (1) The data were divided into surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy group (surgery group) and concurrent chemoradiotherapy group (radiotherapy group), including 324 cases in the surgery group and 164 cases in the radiotherapy group. There were significant differences in Eastern Cooperation Oncology Group (ECOG) score, FIGO 2018 stage, large tumors (≥4 cm), total treatment time and total treatment cost between the two groups (all P<0.01). (2) Prognosis: ① for stage Ⅲc1 patients, there were 299 patients in the surgery group with 250 patients survived (83.6%). In the radiotherapy group, 74 patients survived (52.9%). The difference of survival rates between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.001). For stage Ⅲc2 patients, there were 25 patients in surgery group with 12 patients survived (48.0%). In the radiotherapy group, there were 24 cases, 8 cases survived, the survival rate was 33.3%. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.296). ② For patients with large tumors (≥4 cm) in the surgery group, there were 138 patients in the Ⅲc1 group with 112 patients survived (81.2%); in the radiotherapy group, there were 108 cases with 56 cases survived (51.9%). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.001). Large tumors accounted for 46.2% (138/299) vs 77.1% (108/140) in the surgery group and radiotherapy group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.001). Further stratified analysis, a total of 46 patients with large tumors of FIGO 2009 stage Ⅱb in the radiotherapy group were extracted, and the survival rate was 67.4%, there was no significant difference compared with the surgery group (81.2%; P=0.052). ③ Of 126 patients with common iliac lymph node, 83 patients survived, with a survival rate of 65.9% (83/126). In the surgery group, 48 patients survived and 17 died, with a survival rate of 73.8%. In the radiotherapy group, 35 patients survived and 26 died, with a survival rate of 57.4%. There were no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.051). (3) Side effects: the incidence of lymphocysts and intestinal obstruction in the surgery group were higher than those in the radiotherapy group, and the incidence of ureteral obstruction and acute and chronic radiation enteritis were lower than those in the radiotherapy group, and there were statistically significant differences (all P<0.01). Conclusions: For stage Ⅲc1 patients who meet the conditions for surgery, surgery combined with postoperative adjuvant chemoradiotherapy and radical chemoradiotherapy are acceptable treatment methods regardless of pelvic lymph node metastasis (excluding common iliac lymph node metastasis), even if the maximum diameter of the tumor is ≥4 cm. For patients with common iliac lymph node metastasis and stage Ⅲc2, there is no significant difference in the survival rate between the two treatment methods. Based on the duration of treatment and economic considerations, concurrent chemoradiotherapy is recommended for the patients.
Female ; Humans ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology* ; Neoplasm Staging ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Lymph Node Excision ; Retrospective Studies ; Prognosis ; Chemoradiotherapy/methods* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology*