Phototherapy plays a significant role in vitiligo treatment.Narrow-band ultraviolet B(NB-UVB)remains the first-line phototherapy for non-segmental vitiligo in clinical practice.In recent years,visible light has emerged as a novel therapeutic approach for vitiligo.Studies indicate that helium-neon laser demonstrates superior efficacy in segmental vitiligo,blue light is more effective for localized vitiligo,and NB-UVB is better suited for generalized or extensive vitiligo.Different phototherapy modalities exhibit distinct mechanisms of action,involving multiple biological proteins and signaling pathways in melanocyte activation and repigmentation.This review sum-marizes recent advances in phototherapy for vitiligo treatment.

Phototherapy plays a significant role in vitiligo treatment.Narrow-band ultraviolet B(NB-UVB)remains the first-line phototherapy for non-segmental vitiligo in clinical practice.In recent years,visible light has emerged as a novel therapeutic approach for vitiligo.Studies indicate that helium-neon laser demonstrates superior efficacy in segmental vitiligo,blue light is more effective for localized vitiligo,and NB-UVB is better suited for generalized or extensive vitiligo.Different phototherapy modalities exhibit distinct mechanisms of action,involving multiple biological proteins and signaling pathways in melanocyte activation and repigmentation.This review sum-marizes recent advances in phototherapy for vitiligo treatment.

In this study, we constructed a GLP-2R-HEK293 cell line and established a method for the determination of the in vitro biological activity of teduglutide based on HTRF, after optimizing experimental conditions and methodological verification. We also carried out relative potency detection of teduglutide pharmaceutical products using this method. The result showed that there was a quantitative-efficient relationship between the teduglutide activity and cAMP contents in GLP-2R-HEK293 cells, which conformed to four-parameter model. Method verification results of five concentrations of teduglutide (64%, 80%, 100%, 125% and 156%) met the requirements of the General Rules of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, 2020 edition, Volume IV (9401). We then analyzed the relative potency of three batches of teduglutide drug substances and three batches of drug products. The linearity, regression and parallelism of the obtained curves all fit the system suitability requirements. The relative potency of six batches of teduglutide was from 83% to 105%. In summary, the biological activity detection method established in this study was accurate, precise, simple and time-saving, which can be used for quality control of teduglutide pharmaceutical products.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of 3D-printed navigation guided pudendal lead implantation on nervous regula-tion of lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS)in male patients.Methods:Twenty-eight male patients who underwent perineal nervous regulation treatment for LUTS in Gongli Hospital of Pudong New Area from October 2021 to October 2023 were randomly divided into observation group and control group.The technology assisted with 3D-printed navigation to regulate the genital nerves was used in ob-servation group.And the patients in control group were treated with regulation of the genital nerves by routine puncture.Operation time of puncture,number of surgical punctures,and stimulator debugging time compared between the two groups.The improvement of post-operative symptoms and surgical complications of patients in the observation group were recorded as well.Result:A total of 12 male LUTS patients were included in the observation group,with an average age of 36.5±6.5 years,including 7 cases of frequent micturi-tion,3 cases of perineal pain,and 2 cases of dysuria.Four patients showed no significant improvement in symptoms,including two pa-tients with pain and two cases of frequent micturition who did not undergo secondary surgery.While the other eight patients showed sig-nificant improvement in symptoms.The average time for successful puncture in control group was(21.13±4.53)minutes,which was longer than that of the 3D-printed navigation group([10.32±3.42]min)significantly(P＜0.05).The average number of punctures in the ordinary puncture group was 5.62±1.43,which was significantly higher than that in the 3 D-printed navigation group(1.5±0.56).There was no statistically significant difference in the average time for stimulator debugging between the two groups of patients.The conversion rate of the 3D-printed navigation group in the second phase was 66.7％,which was higher than that(37.5％)significantly(P＜0.05).Conclusion:3D printing navigation of pudendal nerve electrode wire implantation can improve the accuracy of electrode implantation and the conversion rate to a certain extent,which has the advantages of reducing the difficulty of surgery.

Objective To analyze the efficacy and adverse reactions of donepezil in the treatment of patients with a continuous disease spectrum of Alzheimer's disease(AD)with pharmacogenomics.Methods Seventy-two patients who took donepezil therapy at the time of initial molecular pa-thology diagnosis of AD continuous disease spectrum in Chinese PLA General Hospital from Jan-uary 2022 to January 2023 were recruited.Cells from the oral buccal mucosa were collected,and MassARRAY nucleic acid mass spectrometry was applied to detect the genotypes of CYP2D6,the gene encoding cytochrome P450 2D6 enzyme,and CHAT,the gene encoding acetylcholine trans-ferase.After 9 months of follow-up,drug efficacy was indirectly determined by neurological func-tion scales,caregiver evaluations,and drug prescribing behaviors,and thus,the 50 patients on donepezil alone were divide into effective group(n=28)and ineffective group(n=22).Seventy-two patients were divided into adverse reaction group(n=12)and no adverse reaction group(n=60).Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between donepezil efficacy and pharmacogenomics.Results The frequencies of CHAT rs3793790 locus carrying G allele and rs2177370 locus carrying A allele were significantly higher in the effective group than the ineffective group(35.71％vs 9.09％,P=0.029;42.86％vs 9.09％,P=0.008).Multivariate lo-gistic regression analysis showed that donepezil was more effective in those who carrying rs3793790 G allele and/or rs2177370 A allele in the CHAT gene than those who carrying neither of the alleles(95％CI:1.20-34.47,P=0.030).There were no statistical differences in the CYP2D6 gene-adjusted activity score and whether or not carrying*10 between the patients with and without adverse reactions(P＞0.0 5).Conclusion In patients with a continuous spectrum of AD,donepezil efficacy is associated with CHAT gene polymorphisms,but there is no correlation between donepezil adverse reactions and CYP2D6 genotype.

Objective To study the application of CE-Chirp in the evaluation of hearing impairment in forensic medicine by testing the auditory brainstem response(ABR)in adults using CE-Chirp to ana-lyze the relationship between the V-wave response threshold of CE-Chirp ABR test and the pure tone hearing threshold.Methods Subjects(aged 20-77 with a total of 100 ears)who underwent CE-Chirp ABR test in Changzhou De'an Hospital from January 2018 to June 2019 were selected to obtain the V-wave response threshold,and pure tone air conduction hearing threshold tests were conducted at 0.5,1.0,2.0 and 4.0 kHz,respectively,to obtain pure tone listening threshold.The differences and statistical differences between the average pure tone hearing threshold and V-wave response threshold were compared in different hearing levels and different age groups.The correlation,differences and statistical differences between the two tests at each frequency were analyzed for all subjects.The lin-ear regression equation for estimating pure tone hearing threshold for all subjects CE-Chirp ABR V-wave response threshold was established,and the feasibility of the equation was tested.Results There was no statistical significance in the CE-Chirp ABR response threshold and pure tone hearing threshold dif-ference between different hearing level groups and different age groups(P>0.05).There was a good correlation between adult CE-Chirp ABR V-wave response threshold and pure tone hearing threshold with statistical significance(P<0.05),and linear regression analysis showed a significant linear correla-tion between the two(P<0.05).Conclusion The use of CE-Chirp ABR V-wave response threshold can be used to evaluate subjects'pure tone hearing threshold under certain conditions,and can be used as an audiological test method for forensic hearing impairment assessment.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of myofascial release in the management of upper limb spastic paralysis after stroke(SPAS)and its impact on the central nervous system.Methods The patients with upper limb spasticity who visited Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2023 to March 2024 were randomly divided into a control group(n=50)receiving conventional treatment and acupuncture,and a treatment group(n=50)receiving conventional treatment and myofascial release.The clinical response rate was assessed by comparing the modified Ashworth Spasticity Scale(MAS)scores between the two groups.Additionally,changes in simplified Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA)scores,electromyographic F-waves,and serum gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)levels were compared.Results The total effective rate of the treatment group was 96％,while that of the control group was 86％,showing no statistically significant difference(P=0.08).However,the effective rate in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Following treatment,both groups exhibited a significant reduction in MAS scores(P＜0.001),with a notably greater decrease observed in the observation group compared to the control group(P＜0.05).Moreover,after treatment,there was a significant increase in FMA scores for both groups(P＜0.05),and this increase was significantly more pronounced in the observation group than in the control group(P＜0.05).After treatment,both groups exhibited a significant reduction in electromyographic F-waves amplitude and a significant increase in threshold(P＜0.05).Moreover,the observation group demonstrated a significantly greater degree of change compared to the control group(P＜0.05).Following treatment,serum GABA levels significantly decreased in both groups(P＜0.001),with the observation group showing a markedly higher decrease than the control group(P＜0.001).Conclusion In comparison to conventional acupuncture,myofascial release demon-strates superior efficacy in improving muscle tension and limb motor function for the treatment of upper limb SPAS,while also facilitating central nervous system regulation.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of myofascial release in the management of upper limb spastic paralysis after stroke(SPAS)and its impact on the central nervous system.Methods The patients with upper limb spasticity who visited Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2023 to March 2024 were randomly divided into a control group(n=50)receiving conventional treatment and acupuncture,and a treatment group(n=50)receiving conventional treatment and myofascial release.The clinical response rate was assessed by comparing the modified Ashworth Spasticity Scale(MAS)scores between the two groups.Additionally,changes in simplified Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA)scores,electromyographic F-waves,and serum gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)levels were compared.Results The total effective rate of the treatment group was 96％,while that of the control group was 86％,showing no statistically significant difference(P=0.08).However,the effective rate in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Following treatment,both groups exhibited a significant reduction in MAS scores(P＜0.001),with a notably greater decrease observed in the observation group compared to the control group(P＜0.05).Moreover,after treatment,there was a significant increase in FMA scores for both groups(P＜0.05),and this increase was significantly more pronounced in the observation group than in the control group(P＜0.05).After treatment,both groups exhibited a significant reduction in electromyographic F-waves amplitude and a significant increase in threshold(P＜0.05).Moreover,the observation group demonstrated a significantly greater degree of change compared to the control group(P＜0.05).Following treatment,serum GABA levels significantly decreased in both groups(P＜0.001),with the observation group showing a markedly higher decrease than the control group(P＜0.001).Conclusion In comparison to conventional acupuncture,myofascial release demon-strates superior efficacy in improving muscle tension and limb motor function for the treatment of upper limb SPAS,while also facilitating central nervous system regulation.

This study constructed a LHCGR-CRE-luc-HEK293 transgenic cell line according to the activation of the cAMP signaling pathway after recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin binding to the receptor. The biological activity of recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin was assayed using a luciferase assay system. The relative potency of the samples was calculated using four-parameter model. And the method conditions were optimized to validate the specificity, relative accuracy, precision and linearity of the method. The results showed that there was a quantitative potency relationship of human chorinonic gonadotropin (hCG) in the method and it was in accordance with the four-parameter curve. After optimization, the conditions were determined as hCG dilution concentration of 2.5 μg·mL^-1, dilution ratio of 1∶4, cell number of 10 000-15 000 cells/well, and induction time of 6 h. The method had good specificity, relative accuracy with relative bias ranging from -8.9% to 3.4%, linear regression equation correlation coefficient of 0.996, intermediate precision geometric coefficient of variation ranging from 3.3% to 15.0%, and linearity range of 50% to 200%. This study successfully established and validated a reporter gene method to detect hCG biological activity, which can be used for hCG biological activity assay and quality control.

The BTB (broad-complex, tramtrack, and bric-à-brac) domain is a highly conserved protein interaction motif in eukaryotes. They are widely involved in transcriptional regulation, protein degradation and other processes. Recently, an increasing number of studies have shown that these genes play important roles in plant growth and development, biotic and abiotic stress processes. Here, we summarize the advances of these proteins ubiquitination-mediated development and abiotic stress responses in plants based on the protein structure, which may facilitate the study of this type of gene in plants.
Eukaryota ; Plant Development/genetics* ; Proteolysis ; Ubiquitination