Objective: To investigate the status of condom use and its influencing factors among men who have sex with men (MSM), so as to provide a basis for improving condom utilization rates and AIDS prevention and control in this population. Methods: From May to October 2024, a snowball sampling method was employed to recruit MSM in Songjiang District, Shanghai Municipality. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data on demographic characteristics, AIDS-related knowledge, sexual behaviors, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and condom use in the past six months. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for consistent condom use. Results: A total of 921 MSM were surveyed, with a median age of 29.00 (interquartile range, 9.00) years. Among them, 697 (75.68%) were aware of AIDS-related knowledge, 826 (89.69%) expressed willingness to use PrEP, and 835 (90.66%) were willing to use PEP. Additionally, 787 (85.45%) MSM reported their age at first homosexual intercourse as ≥18 years, while 519 (56.35%) reported consistent condom use in the past six months. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that MSM who were aware of AIDS-related knowledge (OR=0.582, 95% CI: 0.423-0.801), willing to use PrEP (OR =0.611, 95% CI: 0.385-0.969), and whose age at first homosexual intercourse was <18 years (OR=0.480, 95% CI: 0.330-0.700) were less likely to consistent use condoms. Conclusion The proportion of consistent condom use among the MSM remains relatively low, which is primarily associated with AIDS-related knowledge, willingness to use PrEP, and the age at first homosexual intercourse.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) combined with upper limb intelligent robotic training on muscle tension, motor function and cortical excitability in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (USCP). MethodsFrom March, 2023 to December, 2024, 90 children with USCP admitted to Children's Hospital of Soochow University were selected and randomly divided into control group (n = 30), rPMS group (n = 30) and combined group (n = 30). The control group received conventional occupational therapy. The rPMS group received rPMS intervention followed by conventional occupational therapy. The combined group received rPMS followed by upper limb intelligent robot training, for four weeks. Before and after treatment, muscle tension of biceps brachii was assessed using the modified Ashworth Scale (MAS); upper limb motor function was evaluated using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) and upper limb intelligent parameters; and cortical excitability was measured using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), including resting motor threshold (RMT) and motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitude of the affected hemisphere. ResultsAfter treatment, MAS grades improved in all groups (|Z| > 3.523, P < 0.001), and the improvement in the combined group was superior to that in the control group (P < 0.05). Significant intra-group (F > 65.21, P < 0.001), inter-group (F > 17.94, P < 0.001) and interaction effects (F > 5.36, P < 0.01) were observed in FMA-UE scores, upper limb intelligent parameters and TMS parameters. Post Hoc analysis showed that the combined group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in FMA-UE scores, upper limb intelligent parameters, and TMS parameters compared with both the control and rPMS groups (all P < 0.01). Except for FMA-UE scores, the rPMS group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group in upper limb intelligent parameters (mechanical feedback, trajectory, and range of motion) and TMS parameters (RMT and MEP amplitude) (P < 0.05). ConclusionrPMS combined with upper limb intelligent robotic training can reduce upper limb muscle tension, improve motor function, and enhance cortical excitability in children with USCP.

Objective: To summarize the best evidence for the management of patients with gastrointestinal graft-versushost disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and provide evidence-based references for clinical nursing work. Methods: A systematic search was conducted for relevant evidence on the management of patients with gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from domestic and foreign databases, as well as websites of blood and bone marrow transplantation related societies. The search period was from the establishment of the database until February 2026. Results: After screening, a total of 19 articles were included, encompassing 3 clinical decisions, 1 recommended practice, 4 guidelines, 7 expert consensuses, and 4 evidence summaries. Twenty-five pieces of best evidence were summarized across 8 aspects: multidisciplinary collaboration, influencing factors, assessment and monitoring, diagnostic differentiation, symptom management, dietary nutrition, medication guidance, and health education. Conclusion: Summarizing the relevant evidence on the management of patients with gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can provide evidence-based support for clinical medical staff, and it is recommended to apply it in combination with clinical practice and patient wishes.

The precise diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） face major challenges such as the complexity of tumor microenvironment， treatment resistance， and a high risk of recurrence and metastasis. In recent years， ultrasound technology has moved beyond its traditional role in screening and localization， gradually evolving into a multidimensional therapeutic platform capable of energy activation， targeted delivery， local ablation， immune modulation， and therapeutic feedback. This article systematically reviews the latest advances in the basic research on ultrasound techniques in HCC treatment and integrated management. In terms of treatment， intervention strategies represented by microbubble/nanobubble-mediated delivery， sonodynamic therapy， high-intensity focused ultrasound， and histotripsy not only enable in situ physical destruction of lesions， but also effectively reverse tumor immune tolerance networks through deep synergy with sonogenetics， metabolic reprogramming， and immunochemotherapy. In terms of integrated management， novel sonosensitive nanodelivery systems provide a platform for energy activation and targeted controlled release. To address the translational bottlenecks in this field， it is recommended to develop standardized consensus on preclinical therapeutic ultrasound parameters， in order to establish a new translational paradigm for individualized precise diagnosis and treatment of HCC.

ObjectiveTo investigate the application of central auditory testing combined with electroencephalographic features in the early screening of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease. MethodsA convenience sampling method was used to conduct a field survey in the Qixia District of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, from July to September, 2025. A total of 40 older adults diagnosed as mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease and 23 cognitively normal older adults were recruited. Auditory N-back and dichotic listening paradigms were employed for assessment, while the scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment Beijing Version (MoCA-BJ) and 32-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) data were simultaneously collected. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied to identify predictive indicators, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. ResultsThe total score of dichotic listening was positively correlated with overall cognitive function (r = 0.475, P < 0.01), while right-ear advantage showed negative correlations with overall cognition, visuospatial ability, abstract reasoning, and delayed recall (r < -0.276, P < 0.05). Task performance across all conditions of the N-back task was positively correlated with overall cognitive function (r > 0.249, P < 0.05). Regarding EEG features, δ and θ band power and power peaks were positively correlated with delayed recall (r > 0.258, P < 0.05), whereas (α+θ)/(α+β) and θ/(α+β) were positively correlated with naming ability and visuospatial executive function, respectively (r > 0.261, P < 0.05). The results of the binary logistic regression analysis showed that the total score of binaural dichotic listening, the accuracy of 1-back task, the average power of δ waves, and the ratio of θ/(α+β) were independent influencing factors for mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (P < 0.05). The ROC analysis indicated that the AUC for auditory task performance and EEG features were 0.845 and 0.735 respectively, and when combined, the AUC increased to 0.862. ConclusionThe screening model based on the integration of auditory task performance and EEG features can be used in the early identification of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease.

Houpo Qiwutang originated from the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber， and it consists of seven medicines： Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex， Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， Aurantii Fructus Immaturus， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and Jujubae Fructus. It is a basic formula for the treatment of abdominal fullness. Through the bibliometric method， the historical history， drug base， preparation and dosage， decoction method， and ancient and modern applications of Houpu Qiwu Tang were analyzed by means of textual research. The research finds that Houpu Qiwu Tang has been passed down through the generations in an orderly manner with fewer changes. The drug base of this formula is basically clear， and the base of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex， Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens， and Jujubae Fructus is consistent with the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The mainstream base of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus is the dried young fruit of Citrus aurantium of Rutaceae family， and the historical mainstream base of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is the dried root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis of Leguminosae family. The modern dosage of this formula is 110.40 g of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex， 41.40 g of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， 69 g of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus， 27.60 g of Cinnamomi Ramulus， 69 g of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens， 41.40 g of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and 30 g of Jujubae Fructus. In addition， the decoction method is to add 2 000 mL of water with the above seven flavors of the medicine， boil it to 800 mL， and then take 160 mL in a warm state each time. The amount of the medicine taken for each time is 22.08 g of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex， 8.28 g of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， 13.80 g of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus， 5.52 g of Cinnamomi Ramulus， 13.80 g of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens， 8.28 g of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and 6 g of Jujubae Fructus. The modern application of this formula involves the digestive system， respiratory system， and urinary system. It is more advantageous in digestive system diseases such as early postoperative inflammatory bowel obstruction， functional dyspepsia， gastric pain， functional abdominal distension， and gastric reflux esophagitis. By comprehensively examining the key information of Houpu Qiwu Tang， this paper aims to provide literature support for the development and clinical application of this formula.

With the aging of the global population， osteoporosis （OP） is becoming a major public health concern worldwide. Currently， the commonly used anti-osteoporosis drugs in clinical practice have limited application due to many side effects. Therefore， developing more effective and safer strategies for the prevention and treatment of OP has become a research focus in this field. In recent years， the clinical efficacy and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in treating OP have been gradually recognized. With the deepening pharmacological research on TCM for OP prevention and treatment， it is found that the active ingredients of Scutellaria baicalensis can promote bone formation or inhibit bone resorption by regulating signaling pathways， including Wnt/β-catenin， osteoprotegerin （OB）/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand （RANKL）/RANK （OPG/RANKL/RANK）， and bone morphogenetic protein 2 （BMP-2）/Smad， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， and mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）. However， existing research on active ingredients of S. baicalensis for OP treatment is scattered， making it difficult for scholars to gain a systematic understanding of its research and application. This review summarized the literature on the active ingredients of S. baicalensis in OP treatment worldwide， clarified their mechanisms of action， and explored some issues， providing references for the integration of TCM in OP prevention and treatment.

With the aging of the global population， osteoporosis （OP） is becoming a major public health concern worldwide. Currently， the commonly used anti-osteoporosis drugs in clinical practice have limited application due to many side effects. Therefore， developing more effective and safer strategies for the prevention and treatment of OP has become a research focus in this field. In recent years， the clinical efficacy and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in treating OP have been gradually recognized. With the deepening pharmacological research on TCM for OP prevention and treatment， it is found that the active ingredients of Scutellaria baicalensis can promote bone formation or inhibit bone resorption by regulating signaling pathways， including Wnt/β-catenin， osteoprotegerin （OB）/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand （RANKL）/RANK （OPG/RANKL/RANK）， and bone morphogenetic protein 2 （BMP-2）/Smad， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， and mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）. However， existing research on active ingredients of S. baicalensis for OP treatment is scattered， making it difficult for scholars to gain a systematic understanding of its research and application. This review summarized the literature on the active ingredients of S. baicalensis in OP treatment worldwide， clarified their mechanisms of action， and explored some issues， providing references for the integration of TCM in OP prevention and treatment.

Objective To explore the utility of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) in screening risk factors for osteosarcopenia (OS) among older adults (≥80 years old) and to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of CGA-guided integrated interventions for OS. Methods A total of 420 patients aged ≥80 years, recruited from the Department of Geriatrics, General Practice of The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Nantong University, and community health centers from January 2022 to October 2024, were enrolled. Participants were classified into OS (n＝139) and non-OS (n＝281) groups based on diagnostic criteria. CGA was utilized to compare differences in general characteristics, laboratory indicators, comorbidities between groups. Binary logistic regression analysis identified independent risk and protective factors. Subsequently, 40 OS patients were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n＝20) receiving integrated interventions including nutritional support, exercise training, and psychological management or a control group (n＝20, receiving routine care). Appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), grip strength, gait speed, and bone mineral density (BMD) T-score were compared between groups after 3 months. Results The prevalence of OS in this cohort was 33.1%. Compared to the non-OS group, the OS group exhibited significant differences in age, body mass index (BMI), smoking history, comorbidity index, concomitant medication, cognitive impairment, visual and hearing impairment, sleep disorders, depression, marital status, social participation, activities of daily living, nutritional risk, total cholesterol, uric acid, and constipation (P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis identified age and comorbidity index as significant risk factors for OS, while BMI, married status, total cholesterol, and activities of daily living (assisted and independent) served as protective factors. The intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in grip strength, gait speed, BMD T-score, and male ASMI compared to controls (P＜0.05). Conclusions CGA demonstrates clinical utility in systematically identifying risk factors for OS in the old population. Multimodal interventions guided by CGA effectively improve musculoskeletal function in elderly OS patients.

BACKGROUND: Both medication and non-medication therapies are effective approaches to control blood pressure (BP) in hypertension patients. However, the association of joint changes in antihypertensive medication use and healthy lifestyle index (HLI) with BP control among hypertension patients is seldom reported, which needs to provide more evidence by prospective intervention studies. We examined the association of antihypertensive medication use and HLI with BP control among employees with hypertension in China based on a workplace-based multicomponent intervention program. METHODS: Between January 2013 and December 2014, a cluster randomized clinical trial of a workplace-based multicomponent intervention program was conducted in 60 workplaces across 20 urban areas in China. Workplaces were randomly divided into intervention (n = 40) and control (n = 20) groups. Basic information on employees at each workplace was collected by trained professionals, including sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, family history, lifestyle behaviors, medication status and physical measurements. After baseline, the intervention group received a 2-year intervention to achieve BP control, which included: (1) a workplace wellness program for all employees; (2) a guidelines-oriented hypertension management protocol. HLI including nonsmoking, nondrinking, adequate physical activity, weight within reference range and balanced diet, were coded on a 5-point scale (range: 0-5, with higher score indicating a healthier lifestyle). Antihypertensive medication use was defined as taking drug within the last 2 weeks. Changes in HLI, antihypertensive medication use and BP control from baseline to 24 months were measured after the intervention. RESULTS: Overall, 4655 employees were included (age: 46.3 ± 7.6 years, men: 3547 (82.3%)). After 24 months of the intervention, there was a significant improvement in lifestyle [smoking (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43-0.99; P = 0.045), drinking (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.40-0.68; P < 0.001), regular exercise (OR = 3.10, 95% CI: 2.53-3.78; P < 0.001), excessive intake of fatty food (OR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.06-0.52; P = 0.002), restrictive use of salt (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.12-0.56; P = 0.001)]. Compare to employees with a deteriorating lifestyle after the intervention, those with an improved lifestyle had a higher BP control. In the intervention group, compared with employees not using antihypertensive medication, those who consistent used (OR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.16-4.72; P = 0.017) or changed from not using to using antihypertensive medication (OR = 2.24; 95% CI: 1.08-4.62; P = 0.030) had higher BP control. Compared with those having lower HLI, participants with a same (OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 0.99-1.93; P = 0.056) or high (OR = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.27~2.53; P < 0.001) HLI had higher BP control. Those who used antihypertensive medication and had a high HLI had the highest BP control (OR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.32-2.67, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis also showed the consistent effect as the above. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that adherence to antihypertensive medication treatment and healthy lifestyle were associated with a significant improvement in BP control among employees with hypertension.