Objective To establish a stable and reliable sepsis model of rat after liver transplantation (LT) for clinical translational research and analyze its characteristics. Methods The "two-sleeve method" was used to establish the in situ LT model of SD rats, and the sepsis model was constructed through cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) at 3 d after the operation. SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham operation group (Sham group), LT group, and LT + CLP group, with 6 rats in each group. The changes in body weight, rectal temperature and survival rate were compared, and the sepsis score was used for evaluation. The levels of blood biochemical indicators [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea (Urea), creatinine (Cr), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)] and inflammatory factors [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α] in each group were detected, and the pathological changes and cell apoptosis in different organs were observed. Results Compared with the Sham group, the body weight of the LT group and LT + CLP group decreased (all P<0.05). The rectal temperature of the LT + CLP group showed a continuous downward trend after the operation, the sepsis score increased sharply after the operation, and the survival rate dropped to 16.7%, and the differences between the Sham group, LT group and LT + CLP group were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The levels of ALT, AST, Urea, Cr, CK, LDH, and serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α in the LT + CLP group were higher than those in the Sham group and LT group rats within 72 hours after the operation(all P<0.05). The pathological examination of the LT + CLP group showed severe tissue structure destruction, necrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells in multiple organs, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining showed an increased level of cell apoptosis in multiple organs. Conclusions Using liver transplantation combined with CLP, a stable animal model of liver transplantation infection is successfully established, which exhibits a high mortality rate, significant multi-organ damage and intense inflammatory response, providing an ideal animal model for transplantation infection research.

[摘 要] 目的：探讨复发/转移性鼻咽癌（NPC）接受含PD-1单抗免疫治疗的临床特征和预后影响因素。方法：回顾性分析2019年3月至2024年7月期间南部战区总医院确诊的95例NPC患者的临床资料和外周血生化及免疫学指标。预后分析采用Kaplan-Meier曲线，组间比较使用Log-rank检验，采用Cox比例风险模型进行单因素和多因素分析。结果：95例患者中男性81例，女性14例，中位年龄49.72岁（16~74岁），Ⅳ期91例（95.79%），所有患者均采用免疫治疗，联合或不联合化疗方案治疗，中位无进展生存期（mPFS）为10.5个月，客观缓解率（ORR）70.53%，疾病控制率（DCR）89.47%，接受含铂治疗方案患者PFS相对更长，且差异有统计学意义。紫杉醇 + 顺铂 + 氟尿嘧啶（TPF）对比吉西他滨 + 顺铂（GP）和紫杉醇 + 顺铂（TP）显示出更长的PFS，但差异无统计学意义。不同PD-1单抗治疗组间的PFS未显示出有统计学意义的差异。单因素及多因素Cox回归分析结果显示，肿瘤复发状态、初始血浆EBV感染状态、治疗周期数、基线外周血SII是复发/转移性NPC患者接受PD-1抑制剂治疗疗效预测的独立相关因素（均P < 0.05），并且非复发患者、初始血浆EBV DNA阳性、接受 ≥ 4治疗周期、基线外周血SII < 772.81的患者接受PD-1抑制剂治疗预后相对更好。结论：在接受PD-1抑制剂治疗的复发/转移性NPC患者中，非复发患者、初始血浆EBV DNA阳性、≥ 4治疗周期且外周血SII < 772.81者PFS相对更长，可早期识别免疫治疗效果不佳患者并精准干预。

The industry standard Barium Sulfate Anti-Radiation Mortar (JC/T 2676—2022) was officially released on September 30, 2022, and came into effect on April 1, 2023. The promulgation and implementation of this standard play a significant role in improving the product quality of barium sulfate anti-radiation mortar, promoting industry development, and safeguarding the occupational health of workers. To facilitate accurate understanding of the standard clauses and ensure proper implementation of its requirements, this article elaborated on the background, objectives, and significance of the standard development, along with an interpretation of its key clauses.

Objective To analyze the distribution status of the end digits of standardized blood pressure measurement recordings in the clinic and the effectiveness of standardized blood pressure measurement for community hypertension screening. Methods The first visit blood pressure measurement data from the Community Health Service Center in Jing'an District, Shanghai from June 2023 to May 2024 were collected and analyzed. According to different measurement methods, the data were divided into two groups: standardized blood pressure measurement and conventional blood pressure measurement. SPSS 19.0 software was used for data analysis. The differences in the distribution balance of the end digits of blood pressure values and the detection rate of blood pressure elevation between the two different groups were analyzed. Results The frequency range of the end digits of blood pressure recorded values in the standardized pressure measurement group was 9.42% to 10.83%, and the detection rate of elevated blood pressure was 24.89%. The conventional pressure measurement group had a preference of the end digit ^"0^", and the detection rate of elevated blood pressure was only 2.12%. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, season, and different blood pressure measurement modes were all influencing factors for the detection rate of elevated blood pressure. Conclusion The standardized blood pressure measurement mode in the clinic is suitable for community hypertension screening and pressure measurement, with higher data quality than the conventional pressure measurement mode.

Objective To summarize and analyze the efficacy and influencing factors of second allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for acute leukemia relapsing after the first allo-HSCT. Methods Clinical data of 17 patients with acute leukemia who underwent second allo-HSCT at Peking University First Hospital from January 2005 to December 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among the 17 patients, 7 achieved long-term disease-free survival after second transplantation. The median progression-free survival after successful second transplantation was 7 months (range 8 days to 69 months). The relapse fatality was 24%, and the transplant-related fatality was 35%. Conclusions Second transplantation is an effective treatment for relapsed and refractory acute leukemia, but the relapse fatality and transplant-related fatality remain high. Patient age, time of relapse after the first transplantation and disease status before second transplantation are all factors that affect the efficacy of second transplantation. Younger age, late relapse and complete remission of disease before second transplantation are all beneficial for long-term disease-free survival after second transplantation.

Objective This study aims to assess the impact of four-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (4D-CBCT) image guidance on setup error correction and target dose distribution optimization in patients receiving stereotactic body radiotherapy for lung cancer. Methods A total of 82 lung cancer patients treated with SBRT in our hospital between February 2023 and February 2025 were randomly selected as study subjects. Using a random number table, they were divided into two groups. The conventional group underwent positioning verification using traditional three-dimensional cone-beam CT, while the study group underwent verification using 4D-CBCT. Setup errors, target dose-volume parameters, organ at risk dose-volume parameters, and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The setup errors in the X, Y, and Z axes in the study group were 0.21, 0.19, and 0.23 mm, respectively, which were significantly lower than 0.58, 0.62, and 0.59 mm in the conventional group (P<0.05). The three-dimensional vector error was 0.34 (0.21, 0.48) mm in the study group, which was significantly lower than 0.98 (0.65, 1.32) mm in the conventional group (P<0.05). The rotational errors in left-right, anteroposterior, and superior-inferior directions in the study group were (0.25±0.12)°, (0.21±0.10)°, and (0.23±0.11)°, respectively; these values were significantly lower than (0.48±0.18)°, (0.42±0.15)°, and (0.45±0.16)° in the conventional group (P<0.05). The minimum dose received by 95% of the target volume [(59.45±0.85) Gy] and the percentage of the target volume receiving at least 100% of the prescription dose [(95.82±2.65)%] in the study group were higher than those in the conventional group [(58.90±1.20) Gy and (93.65±3.85)%]. The homogeneity index and conformity index in the study group were 1.07±0.03 and 1.15±0.05, respectively, which were lower than 1.12±0.05 and 1.23±0.08 in the conventional group (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in the volume of the lung receiving 5 Gy [(28.11±5.52)% vs. (28.85±6.24)%], the volume of the lung receiving 20 Gy [(12.84±3.56)% vs. (13.45±3.90)%], mean lung dose [(8.65±2.11) Gy vs. (8.95±2.34) Gy], maximum spinal cord dose [(18.54±3.62) Gy vs. (19.13±4.25) Gy], or mean heart dose[(14.85±4.22) Gy vs. (16.27±4.83) Gy](P>0.05). The incidence rates of radiation pneumonitis, radiation esophagitis, and skin reactions in the study group were 12.20%, 7.32%, and 4.88%, respectively, which were not significantly different from 17.07%, 9.76%, and 7.32% in the conventional group (P>0.05). Conclusion The 4D-CBCT can reduce setup errors, improve target dose accuracy and conformity in lung cancer patients undergoing SBRT, and minimize radiation exposure to normal tissues, making it worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective This study aims to assess the impact of four-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (4D-CBCT) image guidance on setup error correction and target dose distribution optimization in patients receiving stereotactic body radiotherapy for lung cancer. Methods A total of 82 lung cancer patients treated with SBRT in our hospital between February 2023 and February 2025 were randomly selected as study subjects. Using a random number table, they were divided into two groups. The conventional group underwent positioning verification using traditional three-dimensional cone-beam CT, while the study group underwent verification using 4D-CBCT. Setup errors, target dose-volume parameters, organ at risk dose-volume parameters, and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The setup errors in the X, Y, and Z axes in the study group were 0.21, 0.19, and 0.23 mm, respectively, which were significantly lower than 0.58, 0.62, and 0.59 mm in the conventional group (P<0.05). The three-dimensional vector error was 0.34 (0.21, 0.48) mm in the study group, which was significantly lower than 0.98 (0.65, 1.32) mm in the conventional group (P<0.05). The rotational errors in left-right, anteroposterior, and superior-inferior directions in the study group were (0.25±0.12)°, (0.21±0.10)°, and (0.23±0.11)°, respectively; these values were significantly lower than (0.48±0.18)°, (0.42±0.15)°, and (0.45±0.16)° in the conventional group (P<0.05). The minimum dose received by 95% of the target volume [(59.45±0.85) Gy] and the percentage of the target volume receiving at least 100% of the prescription dose [(95.82±2.65)%] in the study group were higher than those in the conventional group [(58.90±1.20) Gy and (93.65±3.85)%]. The homogeneity index and conformity index in the study group were 1.07±0.03 and 1.15±0.05, respectively, which were lower than 1.12±0.05 and 1.23±0.08 in the conventional group (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in the volume of the lung receiving 5 Gy [(28.11±5.52)% vs. (28.85±6.24)%], the volume of the lung receiving 20 Gy [(12.84±3.56)% vs. (13.45±3.90)%], mean lung dose [(8.65±2.11) Gy vs. (8.95±2.34) Gy], maximum spinal cord dose [(18.54±3.62) Gy vs. (19.13±4.25) Gy], or mean heart dose[(14.85±4.22) Gy vs. (16.27±4.83) Gy](P>0.05). The incidence rates of radiation pneumonitis, radiation esophagitis, and skin reactions in the study group were 12.20%, 7.32%, and 4.88%, respectively, which were not significantly different from 17.07%, 9.76%, and 7.32% in the conventional group (P>0.05). Conclusion The 4D-CBCT can reduce setup errors, improve target dose accuracy and conformity in lung cancer patients undergoing SBRT, and minimize radiation exposure to normal tissues, making it worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective This study aims to assess the impact of four-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (4D-CBCT) image guidance on setup error correction and target dose distribution optimization in patients receiving stereotactic body radiotherapy for lung cancer. Methods A total of 82 lung cancer patients treated with SBRT in our hospital between February 2023 and February 2025 were randomly selected as study subjects. Using a random number table, they were divided into two groups. The conventional group underwent positioning verification using traditional three-dimensional cone-beam CT, while the study group underwent verification using 4D-CBCT. Setup errors, target dose-volume parameters, organ at risk dose-volume parameters, and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The setup errors in the X, Y, and Z axes in the study group were 0.21, 0.19, and 0.23 mm, respectively, which were significantly lower than 0.58, 0.62, and 0.59 mm in the conventional group (P<0.05). The three-dimensional vector error was 0.34 (0.21, 0.48) mm in the study group, which was significantly lower than 0.98 (0.65, 1.32) mm in the conventional group (P<0.05). The rotational errors in left-right, anteroposterior, and superior-inferior directions in the study group were (0.25±0.12)°, (0.21±0.10)°, and (0.23±0.11)°, respectively; these values were significantly lower than (0.48±0.18)°, (0.42±0.15)°, and (0.45±0.16)° in the conventional group (P<0.05). The minimum dose received by 95% of the target volume [(59.45±0.85) Gy] and the percentage of the target volume receiving at least 100% of the prescription dose [(95.82±2.65)%] in the study group were higher than those in the conventional group [(58.90±1.20) Gy and (93.65±3.85)%]. The homogeneity index and conformity index in the study group were 1.07±0.03 and 1.15±0.05, respectively, which were lower than 1.12±0.05 and 1.23±0.08 in the conventional group (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in the volume of the lung receiving 5 Gy [(28.11±5.52)% vs. (28.85±6.24)%], the volume of the lung receiving 20 Gy [(12.84±3.56)% vs. (13.45±3.90)%], mean lung dose [(8.65±2.11) Gy vs. (8.95±2.34) Gy], maximum spinal cord dose [(18.54±3.62) Gy vs. (19.13±4.25) Gy], or mean heart dose[(14.85±4.22) Gy vs. (16.27±4.83) Gy](P>0.05). The incidence rates of radiation pneumonitis, radiation esophagitis, and skin reactions in the study group were 12.20%, 7.32%, and 4.88%, respectively, which were not significantly different from 17.07%, 9.76%, and 7.32% in the conventional group (P>0.05). Conclusion The 4D-CBCT can reduce setup errors, improve target dose accuracy and conformity in lung cancer patients undergoing SBRT, and minimize radiation exposure to normal tissues, making it worthy of clinical promotion.

This paper summarizes the clinical experience of professor ZHANG Zhiwen in differentiating and treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） at stages， with the method of diffusing and clearing to unblock the channel pathways， while warming and subduing to restore the original qi. Professor ZHANG posits that the core pathogenesis of this disease lies in depletion of original qi， leading to impaired qi transformation of sanjiao （三焦）， and obstruction of channel pathways. Accordingly， a staged differentiation and treatment strategy based on the methods of diffusing and clearing to unblock the channel pathways， while warming and subduing to restore the original qi has been proposed. COPD was divided into the acute exacerbation stage and the stable stage. In acute exacerbation stage， priority is given to diffusing lung and clearing up turbidity， scatter and dredge the channel passages， using the self-formulated Xuandi Tongsui Formula （宣涤通隧方）. During the stable stage， the treatment should focus on simultaneously regulating sanjiao， warming and subduing yang to restore the original qi， using the self-formulated Wenqian Guiyuan Formula （温潜归元方）. In addition， the principles of carefully protecting mild yang， avoiding excessive astringent medicinals， and restoring respiration to its root are emphasized throughout the entire course of disease prevention， treatment， and rehabilitation.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease （MAFLD） is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide， with a complex pathogenesis. Mitochondria play a pivotal role in this disease process， and studies have confirmed that mitochondrial dysfunction can exacerbate metabolic disorders and induce innate immune imbalance， while mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） is the core molecule mediating these two pathological effects. After the abnormal release of mtDNA， it can be recognized by intracellular pattern recognition receptors， which in turn triggers innate immune responses and causes tissue damage， forming a pathological pathway of “mtDNA release-immune activation-tissue damage”. Currently， there is a lack of systematic reviews summarizing the mechanism of action of this pathway in different stages of MAFLD and the intervention strategies targeting this pathway. This article systematically reviews the core molecular mechanism of this pathway， its pathological role in the development and progression of MAFLD， and the current intervention strategies targeting this mechanism， in order to provide a theoretical basis for analyzing the pathogenesis of MAFLD and developing novel therapeutic strategies.