Objective To explore the feasibility and image quality of respiratory-gated total-body ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging with a 4-minute acquisition in patients with malignant tumors. Methods Sixty-two patients with pathologically confirmed malignant tumors (118 lesions measured) who underwent total-body ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT examination were consecutively enrolled at the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, from September 23, 2021 to November 23, 2021, and their clinical and imaging data were retrospectively collected. PET data was acquired over 12 minutes with simultaneous respiratory waveform recorded. The data were reconstructed into four image sets: gated-12 group and gated-4 group (using all counts and the first 4-minute counts, respectively) and ungated-12 group and ungated-6 group (using all counts and the first 6-minute counts, respectively) reconstructed with respiratory gating that retained counts corresponding to the half respiratory window near end-expiration. Image quality assessment and quantitative analysis of lesions were performed and compared among the four image sets, and subgroup analyses were performed according to lesion location, size, and metabolic activity. Results The effective counts of 4 sets of PET images were highest in ungated-12 group, followed by ungated-6 group and gated-12 group, and lowest in gated-4 group (P＜0.001). Regardless of the metabolic level and size of the lesions, compared with the ungated-12 group and the ungated-6 group, the lesions in the gated-12 group showed higher maximum, average, and peak standardized uptake values (SUV_max, SUV_mean, and SUV_peak), tumor liver uptake ratio, tumor blood pool uptake ratio, and smaller metabolic volume (P＜0.05); There was no statistically significant difference in the above indicators between the gate-12 group and the gate-4 group. The background noise of gate-4 group images is slightly higher than that of gate-12 group images (Liver SUV_SD: [0.17＋0.05] vs [0.14＋0.04]); Blood pool SUV_SD: (0.08 ± 0.03) vs (0.06 ± 0.03). There was a statistically significant difference in subjective scores of PET image quality among the four groups (P＜0.001). The subjective scores of image quality in the gated-12 group (4.79 ± 0.41) were not significantly different from those in the non gated-12 group (4.97 ± 0.17) and non gated-6 group (4.79 ± 0.45), but were higher than those in the gated-4 group ([4.17 ± 0.45], P＜0.001)， And the scores have good consistency (Kappa＞0.75). Conclusion In total-body PET/CT imaging for malignant tumors, 4-minute respiratory-gated acquisition can achieve comparable quantitative performance to longer respiratory gating imaging while significantly shortening acquisition time. This approach demonstrates promising potential for clinical application.

Neurological diseases have high morbidity and disability rates， posing a severe threat to human health. Cli nical manifestations include motor， sensory， cognitive and conscious disorders. Chaihu jia longgu muli decoction is derived from Treatise on Febrile Diseases ， with the effects of harmonizing Shaoyang， activating Yang and clearing heat， and tranquilizing the mind. This paper systematically reviews the research progress in clinical application and mechanism of Chaihu jia longgu muli decoction in the field of neurological diseases. It has been found that the decoction shows favorable efficacy in various neurological diseases such as insomnia， depression， epilepsy， vertigo， migraine and vascular dementia. The specific mechanisms are related to regulating neurotransmitter levels， repairing neuronal function， alleviating neuroinflammation， improving mitochondrial dysfunction and regulating intestinal flora. In the future， standardized prospective follow-up cohorts should be established， and core outcome indicators should be clearly defined to strengthen the evidence base. Furthermore， multidisciplinary research should be leveraged to expand the therapeutic value of Chaihu jia longgu muli decoction in the management of neurological diseases.

Objective:To investigate the incidence of hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPM) and deciduous teeth caries in school-aged children of Kaifeng City, and to discuss the association between HSPM and deciduous teeth caries, providing scientific guidance for clinical prevention and treatment.Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out on first-grade children aged 6-7 years in five primary schools chosen from the eastern, western, southern, northern, and central areas of Kaifeng City by cluster random sampling method. The European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry criteria was used for scoring HSPM. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-Ⅱ) was used to evaluate caries status.Results:This cross-sectional study was with a sample of 913 children. The prevalence of HSPM was 8.76% (80/913), with 39 boys and 41 girls, the most common type of which was atypical caries [35.00% (28/80)]. Regarding the distribution of HSPM, the incidence in maxilla [6.13% (56/913)] showed no statistically significant difference with that in the mandible [5.70% (52/913)] (χ2=0.16, P=0.692). In terms of severity, 56 cases were severe and 24 cases were mild. The association between HSPM and deciduous teeth caries was analyzed. The results showed that 56 had caries on their second primary molars among the 80 HSPM children. Children with HSPM had an increased risk of second deciduous molar decay compared to non-HSPM children ( OR=1.94, 95 %CI: 1.18-3.19, P<0.05); meanwhile, the deciduous teeth of HSPM children were more prone to suffer caries than those of non-HSPM children ( OR=2.33, 95 %CI: 1.26-4.29, P<0.05). Conclusions:The HSPM prevalence in school-aged children of Kaifeng City was 8.76%. Child with HSPM was more likely to have deciduous teeth caries than non-HSPM child. Special attention should be paid to children with HSPM after the eruption of affected molars.

AIM: To assess the consistency of the new anterior segment analyzer, MS-39, the Sirius and Pentacam in measuring corneal white-to-white(WTW)and central anterior chamber depth(ACD), and to compare their differences in guiding implantable collamer lens(ICL)size selection.METHODS: Retrospective case study. A total of 210 consecutive patients(420 eyes)who treated at the Ophthalmology Refractive Surgery Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between September 2019 and September 2020 were enrolled. Three anterior segment analysis systems, MS-39, Sirius, and Pentacam, were utilized to assess the WTW and ACD, with comparative analysis of the results. The sizing of the ICL V4c was simulated using the method recommended by the STAAR company. Data correlation and consistency were evaluated.RESULTS: The WTW measurement results obtained from MS-39, Sirius, and Pentacam were 11.39±0.35, 11.42±0.36, and 11.46±0.35 mm, respectively. Notably, the WTW measurement value from MS-39 was significantly lower than that from Pentacam(P=0.002), while no statistically significant differences were observed between MS-39 and Sirius, or between Sirius and Pentacam(all P>0.05). The WTW measurements from the three devices exhibited a strong positive correlation, with correlation coefficients(r)of 0.942 between MS-39 and Sirius, 0.925 between MS-39 and Pentacam, and 0.882 between Sirius and Pentacam(all P<0.0001). The ACD measurements values from the MS-39, Sirius and Pentacam were 3.28±0.22, 3.28±0.24, and 3.21±0.23 mm, respectively. While, no statistically significant difference was found between MS-39 and Sirius(P>0.05), both measurements were significantly higher than that of Pentacam(both P<0.0001). The ACD measurements also demonstrated a strong positive correlation, with r values of 0.959 between MS-39 and Sirius, 0.947 between MS-39 and Pentacam, and 0.932 between Sirius and Pentacam(all P<0.0001). In terms of ICL size selection based on the measurements from the three devices, the 12.6 mm size was the most frequently selected, while the 13.7 mm size was the least common, the distribution of size selections across the devices was similar.CONCLUSION: MS-39 demonstrated strong positive correlation with both Sirius and Pentacam for WTW and ACD measurements, indicating that the results can be considered clinically interchangeable. Furthermore, the outcomes derived from MS-39 for ICL size selection were closely aligned with those from Sirius and Pentacam, suggesting its clinical feasibility.

Activity cliffs (ACs) are generally defined as pairs of similar compounds that only differ by a minor structural modification but exhibit a large difference in their binding affinity for a given target. ACs offer crucial insights that aid medicinal chemists in optimizing molecular structures. Nonetheless, they also form a major source of prediction error in structure-activity relationship (SAR) models. To date, several studies have demonstrated that deep neural networks based on molecular images or graphs might need to be improved further in predicting the potency of ACs. In this paper, we integrated the triplet loss in face recognition with pre-training strategy to develop a prediction model ACtriplet, tailored for ACs. Through extensive comparison with multiple baseline models on 30 benchmark datasets, the results showed that ACtriplet was significantly better than those deep learning (DL) models without pre-training. In addition, we explored the effect of pre-training on data representation. Finally, the case study demonstrated that our model's interpretability module could explain the prediction results reasonably. In the dilemma that the amount of data could not be increased rapidly, this innovative framework would better make use of the existing data, which would propel the potential of DL in the early stage of drug discovery and optimization.

Activity cliffs(ACs)are generally defined as pairs of similar compounds that only differ by a minor structural modification but exhibit a large difference in their binding affinity for a given target.ACs offer crucial insights that aid medicinal chemists in optimizing molecular structures.Nonetheless,they also form a major source of prediction error in structure-activity relationship(SAR)models.To date,several studies have demonstrated that deep neural networks based on molecular images or graphs might need to be improved further in predicting the potency of ACs.In this paper,we integrated the triplet loss in face recognition with pre-training strategy to develop a prediction model ACtriplet,tailored for ACs.Through extensive comparison with multiple baseline models on 30 benchmark datasets,the results showed that ACtriplet was significantly better than those deep learning(DL)models without pre-training.In addition,we explored the effect of pre-training on data representation.Finally,the case study demonstrated that our model's interpretability module could explain the prediction results reasonably.In the dilemma that the amount of data could not be increased rapidly,this innovative framework would better make use of the existing data,which would propel the potential of DL in the early stage of drug discovery and optimization.

Objective To investigate the distribution and evolutionary patterns of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndromes and syndrome elements during the malignant transformation from chronic pancreatitis(CP)to pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia(Pan IN)and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 710 patients(330 of CP,104 of Pan IN,276 of PDAC)diagnosed pathologically or clinically at Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to June 2024.Data including demographics,laboratory results,and TCM diagnostic information were recorded using EpiData 3.1.Syndrome and syndrome-element patterns were determined via factor analysis and K-means clustering using SPSS 27.0.Results The study identifies seven TCM syndrome types in CP,Pan IN,and PDAC.Among CP patients,the syndrome distribution was primarily liver-gallbladder damp-heat syndrome(22.42％)and gastrointestinal excess-heat syndrome(20.91％),with excess syndromes accounting for a higher proportion(43.33％);the syndrome elements were mainly heat(51.52％)and dampness(35.15％),with the disease location in the pancreas,related to the liver,spleen,and stomach.In Pan IN patients,the syndrome distribution was mainly spleen deficiency with dampness obstruction(23.08％)and liver-gallbladder damp-heat syndrome(17.31％),with mixed deficiency-excess syndrome accounting for a higher proportion(30.00％);the syndrome elements were mainly heat(41.35％),dampness(40.38％),and qi deficiency(37.50％),with the disease location in the pancreas,related to the spleen and liver.In PDAC patients,the syndrome distribution was mainly spleen deficiency with dampness obstruction(29.71％)and qi-blood deficiency syndrome(20.29％),with deficiency syndromes accounting for a higher proportion(49.82％);the syndrome elements were mainly qi deficiency(50.00％)and dampness(36.23％),with the disease location in the pancreas,related to the spleen,kidney,and liver.Chi-square tests revealed significant differences in syndrome types(TCM syndromes:x2=100.419,P＜0.001;deficiency-excess syndromes:x2=73.722,P＜0.001),syndrome elements(x2=117.384,P＜0.001),and disease locations(x2=127.191,P＜0.001)across different stages of CP malignant transformation.During CP malignant progression,the proportion of excess syndromes gradually decreased(43.33％→12.32％),while deficiency syndromes increased(26.67％→49.82％).Excess syndrome elements(fire,heat,qi stagnation,blood stasis)decreased(53.48％→25.36％),whereas deficiency syndrome elements(qi deficiency,yin deficiency,yang deficiency,blood deficiency)increased(25.15％→49.64％).The disease location shifted from primarily the liver,spleen,and stomach in the inflammatory stage to the spleen and kidney in the cancerous stage.Conclusion The malignant transformation of CP basically involves the pancreas,is correlated early with liver and spleen-stomach and later with kidney,and exhibits a progression from excess to deficiency in the pattern of"deficiency interweaved with excess syndrome,transition from excess to deficiency,and progressive spleen deficiency".

ObjectiveA qualitative analysis method was established for the composition of Astragali Radix（AR） before and after rice stir-frying. On the basis of systematic characterization of the chemical compositions in AR and stir-fried AR with rice（ARR）， the structures of their major compounds were deduced and identified， and the differential compositions between them were analyzed. MethodsUltra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS） was used to detect the samples of AR and ARR in positive and negative ion modes， respectively. The compounds were analyzed and identified through self-constructed databases， literature， and reference standards， etc. And the data were analyzed by chemometrics， in order to screen for the differential components between AR and ARR. ResultsA total of 123 compounds were identified in AR and ARR， including 41 flavonoids， 19 terpenoids， 26 organic acids， 8 amino acids， 5 nucleotides， 5 carbohydrates and 19 other compounds. Among them， there were 95 common components in both， 18 unique components in AR， and 10 unique components in ARR. Principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） results both showed that there were significant differences in the chemical constituents of AR before and after rice stir-frying， and a total of 26 constituents with differences in the content were screened out， including L-canavanine， L-pyroglutamic acid， L-phenylalanine， cis-caffeic acid， and malonylastragaloside Ⅰ. Among them， 19 constituents of ARR were down-regulated and 7 constituents were up-regulated by comparing with AR. ConclusionThis study clarifies that the chemical composition of AR and ARR is mainly composed of flavonoids， terpenoids， and organic acids， and analyzes the components with significant differences in content between the two in combination with chemometrics， and the differential components are dominated by amino acids， organic acids and terpenoids， which can provide reference for the subsequent quality control and material basis research.

AIM: To investigate the potential inhibitory effect of pterostilbene on the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EndMT)induced by high glucose conditions in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells(HRMECs).METHODS: The optimal concentration of pterostilbene for treating HRMECs was determined using the CCK-8 assay, with 12.5 and 25 μmol/L concentrations selected for subsequent experiments. Four experimental groups were established: control group, high glucose group, high glucose combined with 12.5 μmol/L pterostilbene treatment group, and high glucose combined with 25 μmol/L pterostilbene treatment group. The expression levels of HDAC7 and EndMT-associated markers were detected via Western blot analysis. Cell migration ability was assessed using Transwell migration assays and scratch wound healing tests, while vasculogenic capability was evaluated through tube formation assays.RESULTS: The CCK-8 assay revealed that pterostilbene at a concentration of 22.07 μmol/L inhibited 50% of cell viability in HRMECs. Western blot analysis demonstrated that compared with the control group, the expression levels of HDAC7, ZEB1, Vimentin, and Snail were significantly upregulated in HRMECs cultured in high glucose(all P<0.01), while the expressions of VE-cadherin and CD31 were significantly reduced(all P<0.01). Compared to the high glucose group, the treatment with 12.5 and 25 μmol/L pterostilbene significantly reduced the expression of HDAC7, ZEB1, Vimentin, and Snail under high glucose conditions(all P<0.01). Notably, 25 μmol/L pterostilbene enhanced the expression of VE-cadherin and CD31(all P<0.01). Scratch wound healing tests revealed that HRMECs treated with high glucose exhibited a significantly increased cell migration rate compared to the control group(P<0.05), while the application of 25 μmol/L pterostilbene significantly suppressed HRMECs migration under high glucose conditions(P<0.01). Transwell migration assays demonstrated that the cell migration rate in the high glucose group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.01), with cell migration rate markedly reduced following treatment with both of 12.5 and 25 μmol/L pterostilbene(all P<0.01). The tube formation assay revealed that the ability of HRMECs to form tubular structures was significantly enhanced under high glucose conditions(P<0.01), and both 12.5 and 25 μmol/L of pterostilbene effectively inhibited this effect(all P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Pterostilbene can inhibit HDAC7 expression, suppress EndMT-mediated migration of HRMECs, and impair tube formation under high-glucose conditions.

AIM: To investigate the potential inhibitory effect of pterostilbene on the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EndMT)induced by high glucose conditions in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells(HRMECs).METHODS: The optimal concentration of pterostilbene for treating HRMECs was determined using the CCK-8 assay, with 12.5 and 25 μmol/L concentrations selected for subsequent experiments. Four experimental groups were established: control group, high glucose group, high glucose combined with 12.5 μmol/L pterostilbene treatment group, and high glucose combined with 25 μmol/L pterostilbene treatment group. The expression levels of HDAC7 and EndMT-associated markers were detected via Western blot analysis. Cell migration ability was assessed using Transwell migration assays and scratch wound healing tests, while vasculogenic capability was evaluated through tube formation assays.RESULTS: The CCK-8 assay revealed that pterostilbene at a concentration of 22.07 μmol/L inhibited 50% of cell viability in HRMECs. Western blot analysis demonstrated that compared with the control group, the expression levels of HDAC7, ZEB1, Vimentin, and Snail were significantly upregulated in HRMECs cultured in high glucose(all P<0.01), while the expressions of VE-cadherin and CD31 were significantly reduced(all P<0.01). Compared to the high glucose group, the treatment with 12.5 and 25 μmol/L pterostilbene significantly reduced the expression of HDAC7, ZEB1, Vimentin, and Snail under high glucose conditions(all P<0.01). Notably, 25 μmol/L pterostilbene enhanced the expression of VE-cadherin and CD31(all P<0.01). Scratch wound healing tests revealed that HRMECs treated with high glucose exhibited a significantly increased cell migration rate compared to the control group(P<0.05), while the application of 25 μmol/L pterostilbene significantly suppressed HRMECs migration under high glucose conditions(P<0.01). Transwell migration assays demonstrated that the cell migration rate in the high glucose group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.01), with cell migration rate markedly reduced following treatment with both of 12.5 and 25 μmol/L pterostilbene(all P<0.01). The tube formation assay revealed that the ability of HRMECs to form tubular structures was significantly enhanced under high glucose conditions(P<0.01), and both 12.5 and 25 μmol/L of pterostilbene effectively inhibited this effect(all P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Pterostilbene can inhibit HDAC7 expression, suppress EndMT-mediated migration of HRMECs, and impair tube formation under high-glucose conditions.