Objective To analyze the application of combined respiratory training in Mycoplasma-associated bronchopneumonia children and its effect on pulmonary function under family-centered model.Methods A total of 150 Children with Mycoplasma-associated bronchopneumonia treated at Hangzhou Children's Hospital from April 2023 to April 2024 were selected as subjects.The children were divided into control group(n=75)and study group(n=75)using a randomized digital table method.The control group received standard interventions,while the study group received family-centered combined respiratory training in addition to control group's treatment.The two groups were compared in terms of pulmonary function,symptom improvement duration,treatment compliance,and patient satisfaction.Results After intervention,compared with the control group,children in study group had higher forced vital capacity(FVC),forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),FEV1/FVC levels,total treatment compliance and satisfaction,the improvement time of cough,fever and dyspnea were shorter,the difference were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The use of family-centered combined respiratory training can improve the pulmonary function of children with mycoplasma infection and bronchopneumonia,shorten the time for symptom improvement,and improve the treatment compliance and satisfaction of children.

Objective To analyze the application characteristics,trends,and special advantages of anti-infection research using the Bayesian method,and to provide methodological reference for the development of anti-infection research.Methods PubMed,CNKI and WanFang Data were electronically searched for the studies on anti-infection using Bayesian method published from January 1,2015 to November 21,2023.The relevant information of publication time,anti-infection type,sample size,Bayesian characteristics and Bayesian application pattern were analyzed descriptively and reviewed.Results A total of 86 studies were included,of which 41.9％were observational studies,only 7.0％were enterprise-initiated studies,and 48.8％were mentioning prior information studies.There was no domestic intervention study.The application characteristics and advantages of Bayesian method in intervention study,observational study and pharmacokinetic study are different.In intervention researches and observational researches,the application of Bayesian design decision and the application of Bayesian analysis and estimation accounts for 69.2％and 52.8％at most,respectively.Conclusions The Bayesian method is flexible,can be used for small sample sizes and complex model research,and can deal with uncertainty.In intervention studies in the field of anti-infection in China,the Bayesian method has not been applied widely.Only a handful of studies applying Bayesian method have been initiated by companies.In the future,it is still necessary to promote the advantages and application scenarios of Bayesian methods in the field of anti-infection research and strengthen the standardization of the application of Bayesian method.

Objective:To explore the relationship between suicide attempts,school bullying,and psychological resilience in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder(MDD)and school bullying and psychological resilience.Methods:A total of 784 patients with MDD aged 10 to 18 years were included.The Chinese version of the Olweus Bullying Victimization Questionnaire,Adolescent Psychological Resilience Scale,and a suicide attempt assessment were utilized to evaluate school bullying,psychological resilience,and suicide attempt.Stepwise logistic regression was applied to identify the associated factors of suicide attempts.Results:The occurrence of suicide at-tempts in children and adolescents with MDD was positively associated with physical bullying(OR=1.85,95％CI:1.14-3.02)and indirect bullying(OR=1.48,95％CI:1.06-2.04),and negatively associated with higher levels of goal focus(OR=0.62,95％CI:0.45-0.85)and positive cognition(OR=0.62,95％CI:0.45-0.85)at higher levels.Conclusion:Bullying significantly increases the risk of suicide attempts in children and adolescents with MDD,while higher psychological resilience could mitigate this risk.

Objective:To explore the relationship between suicide attempts,school bullying,and psychological resilience in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder(MDD)and school bullying and psychological resilience.Methods:A total of 784 patients with MDD aged 10 to 18 years were included.The Chinese version of the Olweus Bullying Victimization Questionnaire,Adolescent Psychological Resilience Scale,and a suicide attempt assessment were utilized to evaluate school bullying,psychological resilience,and suicide attempt.Stepwise logistic regression was applied to identify the associated factors of suicide attempts.Results:The occurrence of suicide at-tempts in children and adolescents with MDD was positively associated with physical bullying(OR=1.85,95％CI:1.14-3.02)and indirect bullying(OR=1.48,95％CI:1.06-2.04),and negatively associated with higher levels of goal focus(OR=0.62,95％CI:0.45-0.85)and positive cognition(OR=0.62,95％CI:0.45-0.85)at higher levels.Conclusion:Bullying significantly increases the risk of suicide attempts in children and adolescents with MDD,while higher psychological resilience could mitigate this risk.

Objective To analyze the application characteristics,trends,and special advantages of anti-infection research using the Bayesian method,and to provide methodological reference for the development of anti-infection research.Methods PubMed,CNKI and WanFang Data were electronically searched for the studies on anti-infection using Bayesian method published from January 1,2015 to November 21,2023.The relevant information of publication time,anti-infection type,sample size,Bayesian characteristics and Bayesian application pattern were analyzed descriptively and reviewed.Results A total of 86 studies were included,of which 41.9％were observational studies,only 7.0％were enterprise-initiated studies,and 48.8％were mentioning prior information studies.There was no domestic intervention study.The application characteristics and advantages of Bayesian method in intervention study,observational study and pharmacokinetic study are different.In intervention researches and observational researches,the application of Bayesian design decision and the application of Bayesian analysis and estimation accounts for 69.2％and 52.8％at most,respectively.Conclusions The Bayesian method is flexible,can be used for small sample sizes and complex model research,and can deal with uncertainty.In intervention studies in the field of anti-infection in China,the Bayesian method has not been applied widely.Only a handful of studies applying Bayesian method have been initiated by companies.In the future,it is still necessary to promote the advantages and application scenarios of Bayesian methods in the field of anti-infection research and strengthen the standardization of the application of Bayesian method.

Objective To analyze the application of combined respiratory training in Mycoplasma-associated bronchopneumonia children and its effect on pulmonary function under family-centered model.Methods A total of 150 Children with Mycoplasma-associated bronchopneumonia treated at Hangzhou Children's Hospital from April 2023 to April 2024 were selected as subjects.The children were divided into control group(n=75)and study group(n=75)using a randomized digital table method.The control group received standard interventions,while the study group received family-centered combined respiratory training in addition to control group's treatment.The two groups were compared in terms of pulmonary function,symptom improvement duration,treatment compliance,and patient satisfaction.Results After intervention,compared with the control group,children in study group had higher forced vital capacity(FVC),forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),FEV1/FVC levels,total treatment compliance and satisfaction,the improvement time of cough,fever and dyspnea were shorter,the difference were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The use of family-centered combined respiratory training can improve the pulmonary function of children with mycoplasma infection and bronchopneumonia,shorten the time for symptom improvement,and improve the treatment compliance and satisfaction of children.

Objective:To investigate the current status of endoscopic treatment for gastroesophageal varices in portal hypertension in China, and to provide supporting data and reference for the development of endoscopic treatment.Methods:In this study, initiated by the Liver Health Consortium in China (CHESS), a questionnaire was designed and distributed online to investigate the basic condition of endoscopic treatment for gastroesophageal varices in portal hypertension in 2022 in China. Questions included annual number and indication of endoscopic procedures, adherence to guideline for preventing esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EGVB), management and timing of emergent EGVB, management of gastric and isolated varices, and improvement of endoscopic treatment. Proportions of hospitals concerning therapeutic choices to all participant hospitals were calculated. Guideline adherence between secondary and tertiary hospitals were compared by using Chi-square test.Results:A total of 836 hospitals from 31 provinces (anotomous regions and municipalities) participated in the survey. According to the survey, the control of acute EGVB (49.3%, 412/836) and the prevention of recurrent bleeding (38.3%, 320/836) were major indications of endoscopic treatment. For primary [non-selective β-blocker (NSBB) or endoscopic therapies] and secondary prophylaxis (NSBB and endoscopic therapies) of EGVB, adherence to domestic guideline was 72.5% (606/836) and 39.2% (328/836), respectively. There were significant differences in the adherence between secondary and tertiary hospitals in primary prophylaxis of EGVB [71.0% (495/697) VS 79.9% (111/139), χ2=4.11, P=0.033] and secondary prophylaxis of EGVB [41.6% (290/697) VS 27.3% (38/139), χ2=9.31, P=0.002]. A total of 78.2% (654/836) hospitals preferred endoscopic therapies treating acute EGVB, and endoscopic therapy was more likely to be the first choice for treating acute EGVB in tertiary hospitals (82.6%, 576/697) than secondary hospitals [56.1% (78/139), χ2=46.33, P<0.001]. The optimal timing was usually within 12 hours (48.5%, 317/654) and 12-24 hours (36.9%, 241/654) after the bleeding. Regarding the management of gastroesophageal varices type 2 and isolated gastric varices type 1, most hospitals used cyanoacrylate injection in combination with sclerotherapy [48.2% (403/836) and 29.9% (250/836), respectively], but substantial proportions of hospitals preferred clip-assisted therapies [12.4% (104/836) and 26.4% (221/836), respectively]. Improving the skills of endoscopic doctors (84.2%, 704/836), and enhancing the precision of pre-procedure evaluation and quality of multidisciplinary team (78.9%, 660/836) were considered urgent needs in the development of endoscopic treatment. Conclusion:A variety of endoscopic treatments for gastroesophageal varices in portal hypertension are implemented nationwide. Participant hospitals are active to perform emergent endoscopy for acute EGVB, but are inadequate in following recommendations regarding primary and secondary prophylaxis of EGVB. Moreover, the selection of endoscopic procedures for gastric varices differs greatly among hospitals.

Background With the aging of China's population, cognitive impairment in the elderly is receiving increasing public attention. Screening and intervention of people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are of great significance to prevent and reduce the occurrence of cognitive impairment. Objective To understand the prevalence and explore potential influencing factors of MCI in the elderly in Songjiang District, Shanghai, and to provide scientific basis for promoting early screening of cognitive impairment and precise intervention of MCI in the elderly in this area. Methods A cross-sectional study design was adopted. From August to October 2022, using multi-stage random sampling, 1800 elderly residents aged 60 years and above were screened for cognitive impairment in 6 neighborhood/village committees in 6 towns in Songjiang District. The survey questionnaires included a sociodemographic questionnaire, a health status and lifestyle questionnaire, the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Prevalence rates of MCI among the elderly by selected social demographic characteristics, health status, and lifestyle were estimated, and potential influencing factors of MCI were evaluated by binary logistic regression. Results A total of 209 elderly residents with MCI and 1591 healthy elderly residents were detected, and the prevalence of MCI in the elderly aged 60 and above was 11.6% in Songjiang District. Being physically active (OR=0.556, 95%CI: 0.399, 0.774) reduced the risk of MCI. Illiteracy (OR=1.810, 95%CI: 1.239, 2.644), primary school education level (OR=3.454, 95%CI: 2.342, 5.092), non-participation in social activities (OR=1.945, 95%CI: 1.360, 2.781), IADL damaged (OR=3.173, 95%CI: 2.137, 4.712), and depression (OR=1.957, 95%CI: 1.112, 3.443) increased the risk of MCI (P＜0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of MCI among the elderly in Songjiang District is lower than the national average. Educational level, physical activity, participation in social activities, IADL, and depression may be the influencing factors of MCI in the elderly. It is recommended to carry out early screening, early detection, and early intervention for cognitive impairment in the elderly. Improving involvement in physical exercise and increasing participation in social activities are encouraged. Special attention should be paid to the needs of vulnerable groups such as low education level and disabled elderly during a community MCI intervention program.

Objective:To compare demographic characteristics,clinical characteristics,therapeutic characteris-tics and physiological indicators of patients with bipolar Ⅰ disorder and bipolar Ⅱ disorder.Methods:A total of 381 patients with bipolar disorder(BD)diagnosed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 th Edi-tion(DSM-5)were selected,including 302 patients with BD-Ⅰ(79.27％),74 patients with BD-Ⅱ(19.42％)and 5 patients with other specific and related disorders(1.31％).Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected with self-designed clinical information questionnaire.Multivariate logistic regression and multivariate linear regres-sion analysis were used for analysis.Results:Compared with patients with BD-Ⅱ,patients with BD-Ⅰ had more risk to have psychotic features(OR=5.75,95％CI:2.82-11.76),longer disease duration,and more repeated transcra-nial magnetic therapy(OR=3.09,95％CI:1.02-9.35),higher uric acid,total cholesterol and high-density lipo-protein.BD-Ⅰ in Han nationality was more common(OR=11.50,95％CI:1.76-75.30),and had lower education level(OR=10.22,95％CI:1.16-89.77),and less family history of psychosis(OR=2.34,95％CI:1.01-5.42).Conclusion:There are significant differences between BD-Ⅰ and BD-Ⅱ in demographic and clinical charac-teristics,treatment status,and physiological indicators,which could provide clues for exploring the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder.

Objective This paper summarizes and evaluates the existing animal models of Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome(PI-IBS)based on the clinical diagnostic criteria and symptom characteristics of PI-IBS in Chinese and western medicine.The goal of this study is to seek out animal models with a high degree of clinical agreement between Chinese and western medicine,and to provide an accurate animal model for the prevention and treatment of PI-IBS in traditional Chinese medicine.Methods The animal strains,modelling methods,and mechanisms of the existing PI-IBS animal models were summarized based on the clinical diagnostic features and symptomatology of PI-IBS,as well as the degree of match was evaluated and the strengths and weaknesses of the preparation of animal models were analyzed,by reviewing the articles related to PI-IBS animal experiments and the preparation of animal models.Results A thorough analysis discovered that Campylobacter jejuni infection model,Trichinella infection model,and liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome in models of disease and symptom combination showed a comparatively high level of clinical agreement between Chinese and western medicine.Conclusion The existing PI-IBS models had the high degree of coincidence with western medicine,Chinese medicine four diagnoses and syndrome are generally less embodied and collected in the modeling process.The primary symptoms in Chinese medicine diagnosis are primarily based on the observation of animal apparent behaviors,while the observation of the sub-syndrome manifestations is relatively less,which results in failure of judgment of TCM syndrome types.Therefore,it is still necessary to further standardize the criteria for evaluating symptoms and the techniques for identifying disease-syndrome combination animal models.PI-IBS model with the syndrome-clinical characteristics in Chinese and western medicine has significant application value and prospects in the future.The multifactorial composite method of western medicine pathological injury+Chinese medicine etiological stimulation can establish a PI-IBS model with a higher degree of coincidence,which can provide theoretical support for the study of the pathogenesis of PI-IBS,the difference of syndrome,and the prevention and treatment with integrative Chinese and western medicine.It is crucial to guide the clinical diagnosis and treatment of PI-IBS.