Objective: To explore the independent and interactive effects of school green space exposure and outdoor activity duration on screening myopia among primary and secondary school students, so as to provide theoretical support for the prevention and control of screening myopia in children and adolescents. Methods: From September to November 2023, 117 487 primary and secondary school students from 497 schools were selected using a cluster random sampling method, covering 98 counties (cities, districts) in Jiangsu Province. Data on the students screening myopia status and associated health influencing factors were collected and analyzed. School green space exposure was quantified using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), which was extracted with ArcGIS Pro software; meanwhile, information on students outdoor activity duration was gathered through self reported questionnaires. Multivariate Logistic regression was applied to assess the independent and interactive effects of green space exposure and outdoor activity duration on screening myopia among primary and secondary school students. Results: Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in screening myopia detection rates among primary and secondary school students of different genders, NDVI groups, every outdoor activity duration, monitoring points, school stages, parents educational level, and whether they lived on campus or had parents with screening myopia ( χ 2=88.91-1 950.08, all P <0.05); as the school age and sedentary time increased, the detection rate of screening myopia in primary and secondary school students also increased ( χ 2 trend =8 410.15, 2 028.91, both P <0.05). Independent effects showed that compared to the low NDVI group, the medium and high NDVI groups had lower risks of screening myopia ( OR =0.93, 0.95, both P <0.05). Compared to those with outdoor activity duration<2 h/d, students with outdoor activity duration≥2 h/d had a lower risk of screening myopia ( OR =0.96, P <0.05). When stratified by school level, compared to the low NDVI group, the medium NDVI group had lower risks of screening myopia in primary and junior high schools (primary school: OR =0.91; junior high school: OR =0.88, both P <0.05). Compared to those with outdoor activity duration<2 h/d, junior high school students with outdoor activity duration≥2 h/d had a lower risk of screening myopia ( OR = 0.90, P <0.05). When stratified by monitoring site, urban primary and secondary school students in the medium and high NDVI groups and those with outdoor activity duration≥2 h/d had lower risks of screening myopia ( OR =0.92, 0.92, 0.93, all P <0.05). Interactive effects showed that when medium or high NDVI was combined with outdoor activity duration≥2 h/d, the risks of screening myopia among primary and secondary school students were lower (medium NDVI×≥2 h/d: OR =0.89; high NDVI×≥ 2 h/d : OR =0.89, both P <0.05), and the combined effect was superior to that of a single factor. Conclusion Green space exposure and outdoor activity duration have negative correlations with screening myopia among primary and secondary students, and the combined effect is better than that of a single factor.

Objective:To analyze the association between unhealthy lifestyles and depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and stress among secondary school students in Jiangsu Province.Methods:From September to November 2023, a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select secondary school students from 13 districts and cities in Jiangsu Province. A questionnaire survey was conducted on their unhealthy lifestyles (low physical activity, smoking, drinking, internet addiction, poor sleep quality, and unhealthy diet), as well as their depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and stress. The multivariate logistic regression model and mixed graph model were used to construct a network and analyze the association between unhealthy lifestyles and depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and stress.Results:A total of 81 414 secondary school students were finally included in this study, including 39 725 (48.79%) female students and 41 689 (51.21%) male students. The prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and stress were 18.55%, 32.09% and 12.91%, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that after adjusting for age, gender, urban-rural status, residential status, and family type, compared with students without unhealthy lifestyles, students with low physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, internet addiction, poor sleep quality, and unhealthy diet had a significantly increased risk of depressive symptoms ( OR=1.12, 95% CI:1.07-1.17; OR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.49-1.72; OR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.71-1.88; OR=3.05, 95% CI: 2.77-3.36; OR=6.66, 95% CI: 6.40-6.93; OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.24-1.34) and a significantly increased risk of anxiety symptoms ( OR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.05-1.13; OR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.33-1.52; OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.69-1.83; OR=2.40, 95% CI: 2.17-2.65; OR=5.79, 95% CI: 5.59-6.00; OR=1.16, 95% CI: 1.12-1.21). Students who smoked, drank alcohol, had internet addiction, and had poor sleep quality had a significantly increased risk of stress ( OR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.38-1.61; OR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.70-1.89; OR=2.25, 95% CI: 2.04-2.48; OR=6.74, 95% CI: 6.43-7.06). The node with poor sleep quality (bridge strength=0.48) in the network constructed by the mixed graph model had the strongest centrality of the bridge connecting unhealthy lifestyles with depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and stress. Conclusion:Low physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, internet addiction, poor sleep quality, and unhealthy diet increase the risk of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms among Jiangsu Province secondary school students. Smoking, alcohol consumption, internet addiction, and poor sleep quality increase the risk of stress among Jiangsu Province secondary school students. Sleep quality is an important intervention target for Jiangsu Province secondary school students to alleviate their negative emotions.

Anhedonia is one of the core symptoms of major depressive disorder, and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The regulation of the reward process in brain regions, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, striatum, ventral tegmental brain, and prefrontal lobe, may play a role in anhedonia. This study has concluded the changes in relevant brain regions in reward anticipation, decision-making, and feedback processes. The neuroimaging mechanisms of inflammation, neurotransmitter metabolism, and gene expression on depression anhedonia symptoms were reviewed.

The prevalence of comorbidity of eating disorders(ED)and bipolar disorder(BD)is high,and patients with comorbid conditions often have a high risk of suicide and poor prognosis.Exploring the pathogenesis of BD comorbid with ED is of great significance for improving clinical efficacy and adverse prognosis in patients.The mechanisms underlying BD comorbid ED remain unclear,involving multifaceted neurobiological factors such as serotonin system dysfunction,dopamine reward pathway disruption,abnormal immune system activation,fluctuations in sex hormone levels,and functional and structural abnormalities in brain regions associated with emotional control and reward system pathways.Therefore,this article provides ideas for the research direction of BD comorbid with ED by analyzing the roles of genetic metabolism,neurobiochemistry,immune,and imaging changes in the comorbidity mechanism.

Adipose-derived stem cells(ASCs)have become important seed cells in tissue engineering,because of their unique advantages.Extensive research has been conducted to determine the ideal method of cryopreservation for ASCs.In this review,we summarize the basic cryobiology and cryopreservation protocols for ASCs,and look forward to future research into cryopreservation protocols for ASCs.

Objective:To analyze the association between unhealthy lifestyles and depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and stress among secondary school students in Jiangsu Province.Methods:From September to November 2023, a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select secondary school students from 13 districts and cities in Jiangsu Province. A questionnaire survey was conducted on their unhealthy lifestyles (low physical activity, smoking, drinking, internet addiction, poor sleep quality, and unhealthy diet), as well as their depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and stress. The multivariate logistic regression model and mixed graph model were used to construct a network and analyze the association between unhealthy lifestyles and depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and stress.Results:A total of 81 414 secondary school students were finally included in this study, including 39 725 (48.79%) female students and 41 689 (51.21%) male students. The prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and stress were 18.55%, 32.09% and 12.91%, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that after adjusting for age, gender, urban-rural status, residential status, and family type, compared with students without unhealthy lifestyles, students with low physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, internet addiction, poor sleep quality, and unhealthy diet had a significantly increased risk of depressive symptoms ( OR=1.12, 95% CI:1.07-1.17; OR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.49-1.72; OR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.71-1.88; OR=3.05, 95% CI: 2.77-3.36; OR=6.66, 95% CI: 6.40-6.93; OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.24-1.34) and a significantly increased risk of anxiety symptoms ( OR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.05-1.13; OR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.33-1.52; OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.69-1.83; OR=2.40, 95% CI: 2.17-2.65; OR=5.79, 95% CI: 5.59-6.00; OR=1.16, 95% CI: 1.12-1.21). Students who smoked, drank alcohol, had internet addiction, and had poor sleep quality had a significantly increased risk of stress ( OR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.38-1.61; OR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.70-1.89; OR=2.25, 95% CI: 2.04-2.48; OR=6.74, 95% CI: 6.43-7.06). The node with poor sleep quality (bridge strength=0.48) in the network constructed by the mixed graph model had the strongest centrality of the bridge connecting unhealthy lifestyles with depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and stress. Conclusion:Low physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, internet addiction, poor sleep quality, and unhealthy diet increase the risk of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms among Jiangsu Province secondary school students. Smoking, alcohol consumption, internet addiction, and poor sleep quality increase the risk of stress among Jiangsu Province secondary school students. Sleep quality is an important intervention target for Jiangsu Province secondary school students to alleviate their negative emotions.

Adipose-derived stem cells(ASCs)have become important seed cells in tissue engineering,because of their unique advantages.Extensive research has been conducted to determine the ideal method of cryopreservation for ASCs.In this review,we summarize the basic cryobiology and cryopreservation protocols for ASCs,and look forward to future research into cryopreservation protocols for ASCs.

The prevalence of comorbidity of eating disorders(ED)and bipolar disorder(BD)is high,and patients with comorbid conditions often have a high risk of suicide and poor prognosis.Exploring the pathogenesis of BD comorbid with ED is of great significance for improving clinical efficacy and adverse prognosis in patients.The mechanisms underlying BD comorbid ED remain unclear,involving multifaceted neurobiological factors such as serotonin system dysfunction,dopamine reward pathway disruption,abnormal immune system activation,fluctuations in sex hormone levels,and functional and structural abnormalities in brain regions associated with emotional control and reward system pathways.Therefore,this article provides ideas for the research direction of BD comorbid with ED by analyzing the roles of genetic metabolism,neurobiochemistry,immune,and imaging changes in the comorbidity mechanism.

Anhedonia is one of the core symptoms of major depressive disorder, and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The regulation of the reward process in brain regions, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, striatum, ventral tegmental brain, and prefrontal lobe, may play a role in anhedonia. This study has concluded the changes in relevant brain regions in reward anticipation, decision-making, and feedback processes. The neuroimaging mechanisms of inflammation, neurotransmitter metabolism, and gene expression on depression anhedonia symptoms were reviewed.